Computerized tomography

PURPOSE: While follow-up CT and prophylactic embolization with angiography are often conducted during non-operative management (NOM) for BLSI, particularly in a high-grade injury, the utility of early repeated CT for preventing unexpected hemorrhage remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate whether early follow-up computerized tomography (CT) within 7 days after admission would decrease unexpected hemostatic procedures on pediatric blunt liver and spleen injury (BLSI). METHODS: A post-hoc analysis of a multicenter observational cohort study on pediatric patients with BLSI (2008-2019) was conducted on those who underwent NOM, in whom the timing of follow-up CT were decided by treating physicians...

BACKGROUND: Unlike large hemothoraces (HTX), small HTX after blunt trauma may be observed without drainage. We aimed to study if there were risk factors that would predict the need for intervention in initially observed small HTX. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with blunt traumatic HTX from 2016 to 2022 was performed. Patients with small HTX (pleural fluid volume <400 mL on admission chest computerized tomography [CT]) were included. Patients were considered as being "initially observed" if there was no intervention for the HTX within 48 hours after admission...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare anomaly resulting from incomplete closure of pleuroperitoneal canals during fetal development, often presenting with acute respiratory distress in neonates. This case report highlights a 17-year-old female with recurrent episodes of acute left upper quadrant (LUQ) pain and no history of trauma or dietary change. A computerized tomography (CT) scan taken during her second presentation to the emergency department led to a diagnosis of left-sided CDH. She later had a successful laparoscopic diaphragmatic repair surgery and has remained symptom-free for over a year...

BACKGROUND: The use of amyloid-PET in dementia workup is upcoming. At the same time, amyloid-PET is costly and limitedly available. While the appropriate use criteria (AUC) aim for optimal use of amyloid-PET, their limited sensitivity hinders the translation to clinical practice. Therefore, there is a need for tools that guide selection of patients for whom amyloid-PET has the most clinical utility. We aimed to develop a computerized decision support approach to select patients for amyloid-PET...

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to compare the efficiency of different osteotomy techniques for Lefort 1 osteotomy in an experimental caprine skull model. METHODS: Twelve caprine skulls were used for the study. Skulls were divided into 3 groups: (1) manual chisel group, (2) Lindemann bur group, and (3) piezo osteotomy group. Bilateral osteotomies were performed on each skull. Results were evaluated with three-dimensional computerized tomography scans and macroscopic observations of the mucosal tears and soft tissue...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: A pituitary abscess (PA) is an extremely rare disease. It is characterized by the presence of an infected purulent collection within the Sella turcica. PAs are categorized in two categories: primary, when the pituitary is normal before the infection, or secondary, when there is a pre-existing sellar pathology (e.g., pituitary adenoma, Rathke's cleft cysts, or craniopharyngioma), meningitis, paranasal sinusitis, or head surgery, which may be indicative of the source of infection...

PURPOSE: We studied the effectiveness of biomechanically calculated abdominal wall reconstructions for incisional hernias of varying complexity in an open, prospective observational registry trial. METHODS: From July 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2020, four hospitals affiliated with the University of Heidelberg recruited 198 patients with complex incisional hernias. Hernias were repaired using biomechanically calculated reconstructions and materials classified on their gripping force towards cyclic load...

BACKGROUND Computer-aided design (CAD) has been used in the Nuss procedure to determine the bar length and shape. Despite computer aid, the shape and design remain quite intuitive. We tested a new algorithm to determine the optimal bar shape. MATERIAL AND METHODS The normal sterno-vertebral distance was defined on computed tomography (CT) scans of patients without pectus excavatum (PEx) at the same level where the deepest depression was found on CT scans of 97 patients with PEx. Four points were marked on the CT scan of 60 patients with PEx at the deepest deformity: P1: edge of the vertebra; P2: edge of the deformity; P3: the expected contact point of the bar and the rib; and P4: the expected end of the bar...

OBJECTIVES: The Dissected Aorta Repair Through Stent Implantation trial demonstrated positive proximal aortic remodelling following aortic dissection repair with the AMDS Hybrid Prosthesis. In this study, we look to identify predictors of aortic remodelling following aortic dissection repair with AMDS including whether communications between branch vessels and the false lumen predict aortic growth. METHODS: The Dissected Aorta Repair Through Stent Implantation trial included patients who underwent Acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection repair with the AMDS from March 2017-January 2019...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may affect the oral microbial community, exacerbating periodontal inflammation; however, its pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. As nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) plays a crucial role in the activation during periodontitis (PD), it is hypothesized that changes in the oral microbial community due to diabetes enhance periodontal inflammation through the activation of NOD2. METHODS: We collected subgingival plaque from 180 subjects who were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of T2DM...

BACKGROUND: This case report describes a case of Müllerian duct cyst that occurred in a male retroperitoneum. The cyst lesion is rare and complicated with diaphragmatic hernia. Müllerian duct-derived cyst is a rare developmental disorder that is more common in male pelvic tissues and rare in the retroperitoneum. We investigated the important role of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preoperative diagnosis and disease prediction of this condition...

INTRODUCTION: In low resource settings (LRS), utilization of Computed Tomography scan (CTS) for mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) presents unique challenges and considerations given the limited infrastructure, financial resources, and trained personnel. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) offers a comprehensive theoretical lens to explore factors influencing the decision-making to order CTS for mTBI by imaging referrers (IRs). OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to explore IRs' beliefs about factors influencing CT utilization in mTBIs using TDF in Uganda...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common reason for presenting to emergency departments (EDs). The assessment of these patients is frequently hampered by various confounders, and diagnostics is still often based on nonspecific clinical signs. Throughout Europe, there is wide variation in clinical practices, including the follow-up of those discharged from the ED. The objective is to present a practical recommendation for the assessment of adult patients with an acute TBI, focusing on milder cases not requiring in-hospital care...

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital malformations that occur in adults and children, with differences in distribution and presentation. We present the case of a newborn who initiated respiratory distress from the first minutes of life, presenting with hypoventilation and rightward displacement of the cardiac impulse, requiring oxygen therapy and intubation. The first radiograph shows a left pulmonary emphysema. The computerized axial tomography revealed a large mediastinal mass causing an obstructive syndrome of the left bronchus...

We are reporting a case of gastric volvulus in a 52-year-old man in the setting of a paraesophageal hernia initially identified on computerized tomography (CT). CT of the abdomen showed a large paraesophageal hernia with intra-thoracic herniation of the distal stomach and gastroduodenal junction, resulting in mesenteroaxial rotation consistent with acute gastric volvulus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) confirmed the presence of the gastric volvulus, which was initially temporized with endoscopic detorsion...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism is a common and potentially fatal condition. Exogenous estrogens in contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of venous thrombo-embolism. However, discontinuation of a combined oral contraceptive can lead to severe withdrawal bleeding in an anticoagulated patient. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 47-year-old female who presented to the emergency room with a two-day history of worsening shortness of breath and chest pain...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is used for the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Technical difficulties with right adrenal vein (RAV) catheterization can lead to erroneous results. Our purpose was to delineate the location of the RAV on pre-procedural CT imaging in relation to the location identified during AVS and to report on the impact of successful RAV cannulation with and without the use of intra-procedural CT scanning. METHODS: Retrospective case series including patients who underwent AVS from October 2000 to September 2022...

OBJECTIVES: To study the utility of chemical shift imaging (CSI) and diffusion-weighted images (DWI)/apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for the evaluation of solid renal tumors. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an equivalent application as computerized tomography (CT) in the characterization of renal masses. It offers a radiation-free imaging technique and has a better soft tissue contrast than CT. Also, MRI is favored in patients with chronic kidney disease...

OBJECTIVES: A tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance of 20 millimeters (mm) is typically used when determining whether tibial tubercle medialization is performed for surgical treatment of patellar instability. Without knowledge of the variability of an individual's TT-TG distance influenced by through-the-knee femorotibial rotation, the use of a specific TT-TG distance during pre-operative planning for patellar instability may lead to incorrect decisions on the use of tibial tubercle medializtion...

BACKGROUND The rarity of ischiopagus tripus conjoined twins complicates the surgical separation, owing to the lack of cases and high complexity. We aim to report our experience in performing orthopedic correction for ischiopagus tripus twins. CASE REPORT A pair of 3-year-old conjoined boys presented with a fused body at the pelvis region and only 1 umbilicus. There were 2 legs separated by shared genitalia and an anus at the midline, and 1 fused leg, which could be felt and moved by both of the patients. The twins also shared internal organs of the bladder, intestine, and rectum, as visualized through angiography computerized tomography scan...