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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Phoebe Asplin, Matt J Keeling, Rebecca Mancy, Edward M Hill
BACKGROUND: Respiratory pathogens inflict a substantial burden on public health and the economy. Although the severity of symptoms caused by these pathogens can vary from asymptomatic to fatal, the factors that determine symptom severity are not fully understood. Correlations in symptoms between infector-infectee pairs, for which evidence is accumulating, can generate large-scale clusters of severe infections that could be devastating to those most at risk, whilst also conceivably leading to chains of mild or asymptomatic infections that generate widespread immunity with minimal cost to public health...
May 3, 2024: PLoS Computational Biology
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen Stenner, Judith Edwards, Lesley Mills, Sam Sherrington, Freda Mold
In community nursing, the administration of insulin for people with type 2 diabetes can be delegated by registered nurses to healthcare support workers. Although a voluntary framework in England provides national guidance, little is known about its uptake. The project aim was to determine the roll-out, characteristics and support needs in relation to the delegation of insulin administration in community settings. An online survey was disseminated to community nursing services in England via social media and nursing networks...
May 2, 2024: British Journal of Community Nursing
#23
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Ariel A Salas, Elizabeth Gunn, Waldemar A Carlo, Edward F Bell, Abhik Das, Cassandra D Josephson, Ravi M Patel, Sylvia Tan, Haresh Kirpalani
IMPORTANCE: Observational studies often report that anemia and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are associated with a higher risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether there is a temporal association between 72-hour hazard periods of exposure to RBC transfusions and NEC among ELBW infants randomized to either higher or lower hemoglobin transfusion thresholds. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This post hoc secondary analysis of 1690 ELBW infants who survived to postnatal day 10 enrolled in the Transfusion of Prematures (TOP) randomized multicenter trial between December 1, 2012, and April 12, 2017, was performed between June 2021 and July 2023...
May 1, 2024: JAMA Network Open
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jacob C O'Dell, C Cameron McCoy, Robert D Winfield, Sue Min Lai, Edward F Ellerbeck, Christopher A Guidry
Background: Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion has been shown to increase nosocomial infection risk in the injured population; however, the post-traumatic infectious risk profiles of non-PRBC blood products are less clear. We hypothesized that plasma (fresh frozen plasma [FFP]), platelet (PLT), and cryoprecipitate administration would not be associated with increased rates of nosocomial infections. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective, matched, case-control study utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank data for 2019...
May 3, 2024: Surgical Infections
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel T Radecki, Weining Z Robieson, Mallika Gopalkrishnan, Edward Greenberg, Mohamed Aziz
Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents a significant psychosocial burden, and there is an unmet need for additional treatment options in pediatric patients. Here, we report the results of two phase 3 multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of levomilnacipran extended release in children and adolescents with MDD. Methods: In the first study, LVM-MD-11, patients aged 12-17 years received daily doses of levomilnacipran 40 mg ( n = 134), levomilnacipran 80 mg ( n = 138), fluoxetine 20 mg ( n = 134), or placebo ( n = 141)...
May 3, 2024: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Edward O Komolafe, Chizowa O Ezeaku, Gabriel O Ejembi, Christopher O Anele, Simon A Balogun
PURPOSE: A congenital encephalocele is the herniation of intracranial contents through skull defects of various sizes. Depending on the site, content, and size, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. There is a paucity of recent and comprehensive local clinical data regarding this anomaly. Understanding the peculiarities, clinical-pathologic profiles, and management challenges will help prevent and effectively manage congenital encephalocele to improve outcomes...
May 3, 2024: Child's Nervous System: ChNS: Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
#27
REVIEW
Edward Smith, Dawn Langdon
Living with a chronic illness poses particular challenges, including maintaining current disease knowledge to optimise self-management and interaction with health professionals. People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are increasingly encouraged to participate in shared decision making. Making informed decisions is likely to rely on adequate knowledge about the condition and its associated risks. The aim of this systematic review is to explore patients' existing MS knowledge and MS risk knowledge, and how these relate to demographic and disease variables...
May 3, 2024: Neurological Sciences
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel A Loyst, Rustin Mahboubi Ardakani, Steven H Liu, Patricia Cerri-Droz, Richard Marchese, David E Komatsu, Edward D Wang
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to explore potential complications and risk factors associated with revision TSA in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS: This study examined all individuals who underwent revision total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) from 2015 to 2022, sourced from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database. The analysis encompassed patient demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day postoperative complications...
May 3, 2024: European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology: Orthopédie Traumatologie
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alain Braillon, Adam Edward Lang
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 3, 2024: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Verónica Cabreira, Jane Alty, Sonja Antic, Rui Araújo, Selma Aybek, Harriet A Ball, Gaston Baslet, Rohan Bhome, Jan Coebergh, Bruno Dubois, Mark Edwards, Saša R Filipović, Kristian Steen Frederiksen, Thomas Harbo, Bradleigh Hayhow, Robert Howard, Jonathan Huntley, Jeremy Isaacs, William Curt LaFrance, Andrew J Larner, Francesco Di Lorenzo, James Main, Elizabeth Mallam, Camillo Marra, João Massano, Emer R McGrath, Laura McWhirter, Isabel Portela Moreira, Flavio Nobili, Catherine Pennington, Miguel Tábuas-Pereira, David L Perez, Stoyan Popkirov, Dane Rayment, Martin Rossor, Mirella Russo, Isabel Santana, Jonathan Schott, Emmi P Scott, Ricardo Taipa, Michele Tinazzi, Svetlana Tomic, Sofia Toniolo, Caroline Winther Tørring, Tim Wilkinson, Lisbeth Frostholm, Jon Stone, Alan Carson
BACKGROUND: Current proposed criteria for functional cognitive disorder (FCD) have not been externally validated. We sought to analyse the current perspectives of cognitive specialists in the diagnosis and management of FCD in comparison with neurodegenerative conditions. METHODS: International experts in cognitive disorders were invited to assess seven illustrative clinical vignettes containing history and bedside characteristics alone. Participants assigned a probable diagnosis and selected the appropriate investigation and treatment...
May 3, 2024: European Journal of Neurology
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rodrigo W Alves de Souza, Vanessa Voltarelli, David Gallo, Sidharth Shankar, Michael S Tift, Mark Young, Edward Gomperts, Andrew Gomperts, Leo E Otterbein
BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines are crucial cancer treatment drugs. However, they are associated with significant cardiotoxicity, severely affecting patient care and limiting dosage and usage. Previous studies have shown that low carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations protect against doxorubicin toxicity. However, traditional methods of CO delivery pose complex challenges for daily administration, such as dosing and toxicity. To address these challenges, we developed a novel oral liquid drug product containing CO (HBI-002) that can be easily self-administered by patients with cancer undergoing doxorubicin treatment, resulting in CO being delivered through the upper gastrointestinal tract...
May 3, 2024: Journal of the American Heart Association
#32
Nicholas James Edwards, Paul Bao Duy La, Joshua Haron Abasszade, Timothy Abrahams, Kirollos Nan, Alistair John Tinson, Aditya Tedjaseputra, Min-Ne Wu
BACKGROUND: We discuss a case of an immunocompetent patient who presented with fever and tachypnoea, found to have Candida parapsilosis bone marrow infection, cultured on bone marrow aspirate sample. Candida parapsilosis is an opportunistic yeast pathogen that typically affects immunocompromised individuals, or occurs in patients with apparent introduced source; neither of these factors were present for this case. Bone marrow aspirates and trephines are not regular investigations for fever; however they can be useful diagnostic aids as evidenced in this case...
2024: IDCases
#33
Ya Chen Lin, Siwei Zhang, Tess Vessels, Lisa Bastarache, Cosmin Adrian Bejan, Ryan S Hsie, Elizabeth J Philips, Doug M Ruderfer, Jill M Pulley, Todd L Edwards, Quinn S Wells, Jeremy L Warner, Joshua C Denny, Dan M Roden, Hakmook Kang, Yaomin Xu
The Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) have become widely used for efficient, high-throughput evaluation of relationship between a genetic factor and a large number of disease phenotypes, typically extracted from a DNA biobank linked with electronic medical records (EMR). Phecodes, billing code-derived disease case-control status, are usually used as outcome variables in PheWAS and logistic regression has been the standard choice of analysis method. Since the clinical diagnoses in EMR are often inaccurate with errors which can lead to biases in the odds ratio estimates, much effort has been put to accurately define the cases and controls to ensure an accurate analysis...
April 19, 2024: medRxiv
#34
Joshua Epuitai, Pamella R Adongo, Paul Oboth, Felister Apili, Edward Kumakech, Samuel Owusu-Sekyere, Julius N Wandabwa
Introduction : Experiences regarding the use of simulation in low-resource settings like Uganda where it has not taken root have not been explored. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of students, clinical staff, and faculty regarding the use of clinical simulation in teaching undergraduate students. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at Busitema and Lira Universities in Uganda. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with the faculty staff and 10 focused group discussions with undergraduate Nursing, Midwifery, Medical and Anesthesia students...
April 16, 2024: Research Square
#35
Taylor N Takla, Jennie Feldpausch, Erin M Edwards, Shuo Han, Peter A Calabresi, Jerry Prince, Kathleen M Zackowski, Nora E Fritz
Introduction: The cerebellum is a common lesion site in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Physiologic and anatomic studies have identified a topographic organization of the cerebellum including functionally distinct motor and cognitive areas. This study implemented a recent parcellation algorithm developed by Han et al., 2020 to a sample of PwMS and healthy controls to examine relationships among specific cerebellar regions, fall status, and common clinical measures of motor and cognitive functions. Methods: Thirty-one PwMS and 29 age and sex-matched controls underwent an MRI scan and motor and cognitive testing...
April 19, 2024: Research Square
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eron G Manusov, Vincent P Diego, Edward Abrego, Kathryn Herklotz, Marcio Almeida, Xi Mao, Sandra Laston, John Blangero, Sarah Williams-Blangero
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a range of liver conditions, from benign fatty accumulation to severe fibrosis. The global prevalence of NAFLD has risen to 25-30%, with variations across ethnic groups. NAFLD may advance to hepatocellular carcinoma, increases cardiovascular risk, is associated with chronic kidney disease, and is an independent metabolic disease risk factor. Assessment methods for liver health include liver biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE by FibroScan)...
September 2023: Medical Research Archives
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emma M Baxter, Nicola Bowers, Rebecca King, Sarah Brocklehurst, Sandra A Edwards
BACKGROUND: Pressure to abolish farrowing crates is increasing, and producers are faced with decisions about which alternative system to adopt. For sow welfare, well designed free farrowing systems without close confinement are considered optimal but producers have concerns about increased piglet mortality, particularly crushing by the sow. Reporting accurate performance figures from commercial farms newly operating such systems could inform the transition process. This study investigated performance on three commercial farms operating four different zero-confinement systems, three of which were newly installed...
May 2, 2024: Porcine Health Management
#38
REVIEW
Edward K Maybury, Zachary C Affrin, Christian Popa, Max Fowler, Bryan D Laliberte, Sarah C Clarke
BACKGROUND: Nexplanon implants are a common hormonal contraceptive modality. Though rare, these devices can embolize into the injured wall of the basilic vein, through the right heart, and finally wedge itself into a pulmonary artery. With adherence to the arterial wall over time, it becomes less amenable to endovascular retrieval. Patients may present with symptoms mimicking a pulmonary embolism, or without any symptoms at all. In asymptomatic cases, endovascular retrieval and/or surgery is required when patients wish to begin having children prior to biological inactivity...
May 2, 2024: Journal of Medical Case Reports
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eleanor Wilson, Jonathan Palmer, Alison Armstrong, Ben Messer, Edward Presswood, Christina Faull
BACKGROUND: Motor Neurone Disease (MND) leads to muscle weakening, affecting movement, speech, and breathing. Home mechanical ventilation, particularly non-invasive ventilation (NIV), is used to alleviate symptoms and support breathing in people living with MND. While home mechanical ventilation can alleviate symptoms and improve survival, it does not slow the progression of MND. This study addresses gaps in understanding end-of-life decision-making in those dependent on home mechanical ventilation, considering the perspectives of patients, family members, and bereaved families...
May 2, 2024: BMC Palliative Care
#40
REVIEW
The Efficacy of Telemental Health Interventions for Mood Disorders Pre-COVID-19: A Narrative Review.
Alyssa M Edwards, Jordan C Petitt, Martha Sajatovic, Sanjana Kumar, Jennifer B Levin
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic saw a significant surge in the utilization of telemental health (TMH) services. This narrative review aimed to investigate the efficacy of TMH for serious mood disorders prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. A search across databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials focusing on TMH interventions for mood disorders, encompassing major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Study and patient characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were extracted. From a pool of 2611 papers initially identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria: 14 focused on MDD, while 4 addressed BD...
May 2, 2024: Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research
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