anti-obesity drugs

BACKGROUND: An immediate, temporal risk of heart failure and arrhythmias after a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation has been demonstrated, particularly in the first month post-exacerbation. However, the clinical profile of patients who develop heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) following exacerbation is unclear. Therefore we examined factors associated with people being hospitalized for HF or AF, respectively, following a COPD exacerbation. METHODS: We conducted two nested case-control studies, using primary care electronic healthcare records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum linked to Hospital Episode Statistics, Office for National Statistics for mortality, and socioeconomic data (2014-2020)...

AIMS: Epidemiological evidence indicates that there is a substantial association between body mass index (BMI) and at least ten forms of cancer, including melanoma, and BMI imbalance contributes to the poor survival rate of cancer patients before and after therapy. Nevertheless, few pharmacological studies on models of obesity and cancer have been reported. In this study, we administered epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to B16BL6 tumor-bearing mice that received a high-fat diet (HFD) to examine its impact...

The human gut microbiota fosters the development of a dynamic group of microorganisms impacted by diverse variables that include genetics, diet, infection, stress, ingested drugs, such as antibiotics and small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) as well as the gut microbiota itself. These factors may influence the change in microbial composition, which results in dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) and exposes the gut to pathogenic insults. Dysbiosis is incidental to the etiology of inflammatory diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity...

OBJECTIVES: Obese patients are at increased risk for CVD, which is the main cause of premature death and has been a major cause of disability and ill health in recent years. PTN, a natural dihydrochalcone flavonoid, has a variety of pharmacological characteristics. This article aimed to prepare PTN-NSLs to evaluate their anti-obesity activity. METHODS: Morphology, Particle size, zeta potential, UV-vis, entrapment efficiency, FT-IR spectra, and an in vitro release study of PTN-NSLs were described...

Obesity, a major public health problem, causes numerous complications that threaten human health and increase the socioeconomic burden. The pathophysiology of obesity is primarily attributed to lipid metabolism disorders. Conventional anti-obesity medications have a high abuse potential and frequently deliver insufficient efficacy and have negative side-effects. Hence, functional foods are regarded as effective alternatives to address obesity. Coffee, tea, and cocoa, three widely consumed beverages, have long been considered to have the potential to prevent obesity, and several studies have focused on their intrinsic molecular mechanisms in past few years...

Currently a paradigm change occurs in type 1 diabetes from insulin substitution to the treatment of the underlying autoimmune disease. Teplizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti CD3 antibody, is the first FDA approved disease modifying treatment of preclinical stage 2 diabetes. Research of drugs like Golimumab, a monoclonal antibody specific for TNF alpha, baricitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or frexalimab, a monoclonal antibody against the CD40-Ligand, is still ongoing. Repurposing drugs that have been used in other indications like the calcium channel blocker Verapamil, antithymocyte globulin (ATG), an antibody preparation used in solid organ transplantation, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, utilized in type 2 diabetes and obesity, or the antiviral drugs pleconaril and ribavirin have shown positive effects in preserving beta-cell function...

PURPOSE: A surge in the use of semaglutide injection (Ozempic® ) approved to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) has led to a global supply shortage. We investigated contemporary user rates and clinical characteristics of semaglutide (Ozempic® ) users in Denmark, and the extent of "off-label" prescribing for weight loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nationwide population-based cross-sectional study based on linked health registries January 2018 through December 2023...

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent arthritis-type and is a major contributor to chronic joint pain, impaired physical function, and limited mobility. By the end of 2020, a total of 595 million, equal to 7·6% of the global population had osteoarthritis; this figure is expected to rise exponentially by 2050. Even while the disorder's intricate pathophysiology is starting to appear intelligible, we are yet to have a cure for the disorder. Osteoarthritis is typically managed with traditional palliative measures, such as, topical and systemic analgesics, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, therapeutic exercise, and braces...

OBJECTIVES: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA) entailing increased mortality, decreased quality of life and high healthcare costs.The primary aim was to investigate whether the national project: Prosthesis Related Infections Shall be Stopped (PRISS) reduced PJI incidence after primary THA; the secondary aim was to evaluate other possible benefits of PRISS, such as shorter time to diagnosis. DESIGN: Cohort study...

Purpose: There has been limited evidence for the association between pulse pressure (PP) and proteinuria in prediabetes. The aim of our study was to explore the association between PP and albuminuria in community-dwelling Chinese adults with prediabetes. Materials and Methods: PP and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were measured in 2012 prediabetic patients and 3596 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the possible association of PP with the risk of presence of albuminuria...

Annona senegalensis Pers., (wild custard apple), is a shrub used traditionally to treat respiratory and skin diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated its anti-malaria, anti-snake envenomation and anti-cancer activities. However, its toxicological profile remains limited, particularly in male and female animals. This study aims to evaluate the safety of crude aqueous methanol extract of Annona senegalensis stem bark (AMEAS) through acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies. The stem bark of A. senegalensis was collected, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted using 70% methanol...

OBJECTIVE: Patients with impaired glucose metabolism have increased thyroid volume and a higher prevalence of nodules. Yet, some studies show that there is an improvement in these thyroid parameters after diabetes treatment. Our observational study aimed to reveal the effect of treatment on thyroid function, thyroid volume, and the presence of nodules in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who were started on metformin treatment. METHODS: Euthyroid and subclinically hypothyroid patients with a serum TSH level of <10 mU/L, who were newly diagnosed with T2DM and started on metformin as an antidiabetic treatment and not used any thyroid medication previously, were included in our study...

Obesity has emerged as a significant health concern, as it is a disease linked to metabolic disorders in the body and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of lipids. As a plant-derived food, Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) was reported by many studies, indicating that the saponins from PG can improve obesity effectively. However, the anti-obesity saponins from PG and its anti-obesity mechanisms have not been fully identified. This study identified the active saponins and their molecular targets for treating obesity...

Chronic inflammation is a significant contributor to the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and other illnesses. In the academic field, there is a constant demand for effective methods to alleviate inflammation. Astragalin (AST), a type of flavonoid glycoside that is the primary component in several widely used traditional Chinese anti-inflammatory medications in clinical practice, has garnered attention from numerous experts and scholars...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is not only related to traditional cardiovascular risk factors like type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, but it is also an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. MASLD has been shown to be independently related to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. MASLD is characterized by a chronic proinflammatory response that, in turn, may induce a prothrombotic state. Several mechanisms such as endothelial and platelet dysfunction, changes in the coagulative factors, lower fibrinolytic activity can contribute to induce the prothrombotic state...

Cefotaxime administration is recommended in doses of 3-12 g/day in adults with a Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) > 5 mL/min. This study aimed to assess the impact of renal function and obesity on cefotaxime concentrations in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on consecutive ICU patients receiving continuous cefotaxime infusion between 2020 and 2022 [IRBN992021/CHUSTE]. Doses were not constant; consequently, a concentration-to-dose ratio (C/D) was considered. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between cefotaxime concentrations, renal function, and obesity...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Macrophages are crucial cells in the human body's innate immunity and are engaged in a variety of non-inflammatory reactions. Macrophages can develop into two kinds when stimulated by distinct internal environments: pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. During inflammation, the two kinds of macrophages are activated alternatively, and maintaining a reasonably steady ratio is critical for maintaining homeostasis in vivo . M1 macrophages can induce inflammation, but M2 macrophages suppress it...

Obesity is a major global health epidemic that has adverse effects on both the people affected as well as the cost to society. Several anti-obesity drugs that target GLP-1 receptors have recently come to the market. Here, we describe the effects of tesofensine, a novel anti-obesity drug that acts as a triple monoamine neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitor. Using various techniques, we investigated its effects on weight loss and underlying neuronal mechanisms in mice and rats. These include behavioral tasks, DeepLabCut videotaped analysis, electrophysiological ensemble recordings, optogenetic activation, and chemogenetic silencing of GABAergic neurons in the Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Advanced osteoarthritis of the knee joint severely affects the patient's mobility, compounded by pre-existing comorbidities such as metabolic preconditioning (such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and insulin resistance syndrome) and both type I and type II diabetes. The success of total knee arthroplasty is influenced by knowledge and management of risk factors. The present study aims to evaluate differences in the evolution of risk factors such as obesity, injuries, and sedentary lifestyle, distinguishing those with metabolic preconditions and diabetes...