Psychiatric medicine

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between suicidal ideation at baseline and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals who have experienced physical injuries, with a specific focus on how this relationship is moderated by the patient's functioning level. METHODS: Participants were consecutively recruited from a trauma center and prospectively followed for two years. At baseline, suicidal ideation was assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and functioning level was evaluated using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate the gender and age characteristics of psychopathological symptoms in patients in the acute phase of respiratory infection SARS-CoV-2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A total of 66 patients aged 8 to 92 years, sick with COVID-19 during inpatient treatment with lung damage from 30 to 70%, confirmed radiologically, in the period up to 20 days from the onset of the disease, were examined. To assess the mental status of patients with COVID-19, we used a clinical, clinical-psychopathological, psychometric method, which included the following questionnaires as part of psychiatric screening for studying psychopathological symptoms upon admission to the hospital...

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refers to a chronic impairing psychiatric disorder occurring after exposure to the severe traumatic event. Studies have demonstrated that medicinal cannabis oil plays an important role in neuroprotection, but the mechanism by which it exerts anti-PTSD effects remains unclear. METHODS: The chronic complex stress (CCS) simulating the conditions of long voyage stress for 4 weeks was used to establish the PTSD mice model...

The article presents review of empirical social medical and sociological studies of mental health of Russians in "post-pandemic" (2022 - first half of 2023). The purpose of the study is to generalize results of corresponding studies. The review covers the articles in national scientific journals indexed in the RSCI, the results of monitoring surveys carried out by both all-Russian research organizations handling analysis of public opinion and by Federal research and educational organizations. The criteria of selection of studies included the study field stage was implemented in January 2022 - June 2023; sociological survey technique was applied; the study object was whole population of the Russian Federation or its subject or a separate social group...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The DSM Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (DSM-XC) allows for assessing multiple psychopathological domains. However, its capability to screen for mental disorders in a population-based sample and the impact of adverbial framings (intensity and frequency) on its performance are unknown. METHODS: The study was based on cross-sectional data from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort in Brazil. Participants with completed DSM-XC and structured diagnostic interviews ( n = 3578, aged 22, 53...

Mendelian randomization (MR) leverages genetic information to examine the causal relationship between phenotypes allowing for the presence of unmeasured confounders. MR has been widely applied to unresolved questions in epidemiology, making use of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on an increasing number of human traits. However, an understanding of essential concepts is necessary for the appropriate application and interpretation of MR. This review aims to provide a non-technical overview of MR and demonstrate its relevance to psychiatric research...

This case report documents the first instance of Penicillin-Susceptible Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (PS-MRSA) in a Chinese psychiatric hospital. The strain was isolated from a patient with Alzheimer's disease who had a lower respiratory tract infection. Clinical and laboratory analyses, including mass spectrometry, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing, confirmed the PS-MRSA strain. In this case, we systematically introduce the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and treatment responses associated with this PS-MRSA strain...

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies highlight the genetic underpinnings of mental disorders comorbidity, particularly in anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. However, their shared genetic loci are not well understood. Our study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses, alongside multi-omics data, to uncover potential genetic targets for these conditions, thereby informing therapeutic and drug development strategies. METHODS: We utilized the Consortium for Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) and Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate genetic correlations among anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia...

INTRODUCTION: Dopaminergic transmission impairment has been identified as one of the main neurobiological correlates of both depression and clinical symptoms commonly associated with its spectrum such as anhedonia and psychomotor retardation. OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship between dopaminergic deficit in the striatum, as measured by 123 I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging, and specific psychopathological dimensions in patients with major depressive disorder. METHODS: To our knowledge this is the first study with a sample of >120 subjects...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical correlates and the relationship between hypersomnolence and clinical outcomes in a cohort of MDD patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of a MDD cohort in an university-affiliated adult psychiatric outpatient clinic. The diagnosis of MDD and severity of depression were ascertained by the clinician with structured clinical interviews. Each participant completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), 1-week sleep diary, and a battery of questionnaires that assessed usual sleep pattern, insomnia, anxiety, depression, fatigue and circadian preference...

This study aimed to identify underlying demographic and clinical characteristics among individuals who had previously attempted suicide, utilizing the comprehensive Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database. Data of patients aged 18 and above who had attempted suicide between January 1 and December 31, 2014, recorded in HIRA, were extracted. The index date was identified when a suicide attempt was made within the year 2014. The medical history of the three years before the index date and seven years of follow-up data after the index date were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: The sibling bond is often the longest relationship in an individual's life, spanning both good and bad times. Focusing on the latter, we investigated whether a cancer diagnosis in one adult sibling is predictive of psychiatric illness in the other, and if any such effect differs according the 'sociodemographic closeness' between the siblings in terms of sex, age, education, marital status and residence. METHODS: We used hospital records to identify psychiatric diagnoses (2005-2019) in a Swedish total-population cohort born in 1953, and cancer diagnoses (2005-2017) in their full siblings...

Substance use disorder is a global mental health issue. Purpose in life, Loneliness and depression are key indicators of poor mental health, and people with substance use disorder are more likely to experience low purpose in life, depression, and loneliness. This study aims to further the understanding of purpose in life, depression and loneliness among substance use disorders (SUD) patients in three hospitals in Ghana. It uses a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 425 SUD inpatients were screened. Beck Depression Inventory-II, the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Purpose in Life Test were utilised to measure depression, loneliness, and purpose in life respectively...

BACKGROUND: Daylength and the rates of changes in daylength have been associated with seasonal fluctuations in psychiatric symptoms and in cognition and mood in healthy adults. However, variations in human brain glucose metabolism in concordance with seasonal changes remain under explored. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we examined seasonal effects on brain glucose metabolism, which we measured using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in 97 healthy participants...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the impact of in-person and distance school learning models on children's visits to the emergency department (ED) for psychological or social ("psychosocial") complaints. METHODS: We analyzed presentations to one emergency department in a mid-sized Midwestern city. We used the public school system schedule to determine in-person and distance learning periods by the grade level. We calculated the incidence of visits to the emergency department during academic years 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021, with particular attention to the time after March 13, 2020, which was the pandemic period...

Tobacco use disorder (TUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder in the world. Genetic factors influence smoking behaviours and although strides have been made using genome-wide association studies to identify risk variants, most variants identified have been for nicotine consumption, rather than TUD. Here we leveraged four US biobanks to perform a multi-ancestral meta-analysis of TUD (derived via electronic health records) in 653,790 individuals (495,005 European, 114,420 African American and 44,365 Latin American) and data from UK Biobank (ncombined  = 898,680)...

IMPORTANCE: Although insomnia guidelines recommend the use of several individual hypnotics, the most useful hypnotic for treating insomnia in a clinical setting remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine which guideline-recommended hypnotics have lower risks of monotherapy failure and which hypnotics have a higher risk of long-term prescription for insomnia treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective observational cohort study used data from the Japan Medical Data Center Claims Database from April 1, 2005, to March 31, 2021...

About 20% of adults experience excessive daytime sleepiness or severe fatigue. Causes include somatic conditions, psychiatric disorders, and medication or drug use. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. If sleepiness persists despite optimal treatment of the underlying condition, exclusion of other causes, and behavioral interventions, wakefulness-promoting agents may be considered. However, no established pharmacological strategy exists for symptomatic treatment. Modafinil and stimulants like methylphenidate may offer some benefit based on experiences with narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia...