concurrent chemotherapy

This case report delves into the rare occurrence of sickle cell disease (SCD) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) coexisting in a 36-year-old patient. The initial presentation, marked by escalating fatigue, pallor, and recurrent episodes initially attributed to sickle cell disease, unveiled an unexpected discovery of AML upon bone marrow examination. The diagnostic hurdles stemming from overlapping clinical features necessitated a thorough approach incorporating hematological, molecular, and imaging studies. Managing both conditions concurrently entailed navigating complexities addressed by a multidisciplinary team, tailoring chemotherapy regimens, and implementing personalized strategies to tackle complications associated with SCD...

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to delve into the comparative clinical outcomes between external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and sequential High Dose Rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy (HDRICBT) with or without concurrent cisplatin administration on the day of intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) insertion in women with locally advanced cervical cancer. METHODS: In this study, conducted between January 2017 and July 2018 at a leading institute in India, diagnosed and untreated patients of locally advanced carcinoma cervix were randomized into two groups...

BACKGROUND: There is still no definite conclusion regarding the effect of Induction Chemotherapy (IC) combined with concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Thus this study was aimed to assess outcomes of IC followed By CRT versus CRT alone in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study performed on 105 patients who underwent CRT and 73 patients who underwent IC+CRT, between January 2016 and December 2018. The primary endpoints were OS (from the date of treatment to the date of death or 3- years follow-Up)...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This phase Ib study was designed to assess the safety/tolerability and preliminary antitumor activity of neoadjuvant low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) plus durvalumab and chemotherapy for potentially resectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible patients received dose-escalated radiotherapy (10 Gy in 5 fractions [cohort 1], 20 Gy in 10 fractions [cohort 2], and 30 Gy in 15 fractions [cohort 3]) according to a 3 + 3 design, with concurrent durvalumab plus standard chemotherapy for two cycles...

BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer (BC) is a serious malignancy among women. However, chemotherapy is an important tool for cancer treatments, but the long-term use of chemotherapy drugs may lead to drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Since Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) can be the main factor to induce BC treatment resistance and recurrence, investigation of BCSCs signaling pathways can be an effective modality to enhance cancer treatment efficiency. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effect of metformin, SB203580, and takinib alone or in combination with radiotherapy on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines was evaluated...

Over the past decade, the treatment of rectal cancer has changed considerably. The implementation of TME surgery has, in addition to decreasing the number of local recurrences, improved surgical morbidity and mortality. At the same time, the optimisation of radiotherapy in the preoperative setting has improved oncological outcomes even further, although higher perineal infection rates have been reported. Radiotherapy regimens have evolved through the adjustment of radiotherapy techniques and fields, increased waiting intervals, and, for more advanced tumours, adding chemotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH 1/2)-wildtype (WT) astrocytomas constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors and have undergone a series of diagnostic reclassifications over time. This study aimed to investigate molecular markers, clinical, imaging, and treatment factors predictive of outcomes in WHO grade 2/3 IDH-WT astrocytomas ('early glioblastoma'). METHODOLOGY: Patients with WHO grade 2/3 IDH-WT astrocytomas were identified from the hospital archives...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical implication of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived skeletal muscle index (SMI) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) patients undergoing induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and further to develop a nomogram for predicting survival prognosis. METHODS: SMI was determined through baseline MRI at the third cervical level. The nomogram was based on a training cohort involving 409 LANPC patients...

RATIONALE: Primary cardiac angiosarcoma (PCA) is a rare and fatal disease with a poor prognosis. Whether the survival of PCA patients can be prolonged with additional treatment following complete surgical excision is controversial. PATIENT CONCERNS: In this case study, a 52-year-old male complained of chest tightness and pain for 7 days before admission into the hospital. Subsequently, he revisited the hospital because of dizziness and headache. DIAGNOSES: Initially, the patient was diagnosed with PCA in the right atrium by thoracic computed tomography (CT)...

INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy can potentially enhance the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors by promoting immune priming. The phase 1b/2 JAVELIN Chemotherapy Medley trial evaluated first-line avelumab + concurrent chemotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma or nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Avelumab 800 mg or 1200 mg was administered continuously every 3 weeks (Q3W) with standard doses of cisplatin + gemcitabine in patients with urothelial carcinoma, or carboplatin + pemetrexed in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC...

PURPOSE: Pelvic recurrence is a frequent pattern of relapse for women with endometrial cancer. A randomized trial compared progression-free survival (PFS) after treatment with radiation therapy alone as compared with concurrent chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 2008 and August 2020, 165 patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either radiation treatment alone or a combination of chemotherapy and radiation treatment. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether chemoradiation therapy was more effective than radiation therapy alone at improving PFS...

IMPORTANCE: Prospective data assessing the safety of hypofractionated (40 Gy in 16 fractions) radiotherapy (RT) among patients who receive postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute toxic effects of hypofractionated pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with concurrent chemotherapy among women with cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The POHIM-CCRT (Postoperative Hypofractionated Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy With Concurrent Chemotherapy in Cervical Cancer) study was designed as a multicenter, phase 2 nonrandomized controlled trial that accrued and followed up patients from June 1, 2017, to February 28, 2023...

MPM stands as a rare malignancy necessitating improved therapeutic strategies due to its limited treatment choices and unfavorable prognosis. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has heralded a paradigm shift in the therapeutic landscape of MPM, offering promising avenues across diverse clinical scenarios. In the context of advanced stages of the disease, Immune check-point inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-as-sociated protein 4 (CTLA-4), have exhibited encouraging potential in clinical trials, particularly manifesting efficacy among patients exhibiting disease progression following chemotherapy regimens...

BACKGROUND: Para-aortic lymph nodes (PALNs) are common sites for the regional spread of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). CASE SUMMARY: We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with cervical SCC with multiple bulky PALNs, largest measured 4.5 cm × 5 cm × 10 cm. The patient was treated with radical intent with definitive chemoradiation using sequential dose-escalated adaptive radiotherapy, followed by maintenance chemotherapy. The patient achieved a complete response; she has been doing well since the completion of treatment with no evidence of the disease for 2 years...

OBJECTIVES: The recommended treatment for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is a combination of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) and etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) chemotherapy, typically administered over 4-6 cycles. Nonetheless, the optimal duration of chemotherapy is still not determined. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with LS-SCLC who received either 6 cycles or 4-5 cycles of EP chemotherapy combined with TRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, we utilized data from our prior prospective trial to analyze the outcomes of 265 LS-SCLC patients who received 4-6 courses of EP combined with concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated TRT between 2002 and 2017...

INTRODUCTION: Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have improved the prognosis of patients with plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD), but are also associated with increased infectious adverse events. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common latent pathogen that is reactivated in immunocompromised individuals. Although CMV reactivation has mostly been reported after high-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplantation in patients with PCD, cases of reactivation during anti-CD38 mAb therapy have been reported recently...

Because of its enhanced antitumor efficacy, lapatinib (LAP) is commonly used clinically in combination with the anthracycline drug doxorubicin (DOX) to treat metastatic breast cancer. While it is well recognized that this combination chemotherapy can lead to an increased risk of cardiotoxicity in adult women, its potential cardiotoxicity in the fetus during pregnancy remains understudied. Here, we aimed to examine the combination of LAP chemotherapy and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the fetus using a zebrafish embryonic system and investigate the underlying pathologic mechanisms...

PURPOSE: This phase 1 trial aimed to determine the maximum tolerated fraction dose (MTFD) of hypofractionated radiotherapy (hypo-RT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy and subsequent consolidation immune checkpoint inhibitors (cICI) for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Split-course hypo-RT and hypo-boost combined with concurrent chemotherapy were administered at three dose levels (DLs), using a stepwise dose-escalation protocol...

PURPOSE: An optimal radiotherapy field for superficial esophageal carcinoma is yet to be established. We evaluated the long-term outcomes and recurrence patterns of involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) in older patients with superficial thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients (49 men and 5 women; mean age, 77 [range: 66-90] years) who underwent IFRT for superficial thoracic ESCC between January 2003 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed...

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) in the treatment of near-clinical complete response (near-cCR) rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: A 74-year-old female patient with cT3N0M0 stage rectal adenocarcinoma who refused radical surgery for rectal cancer underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (5 cycles of CapeOx chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy for 25 sessions) after multidisciplinary team discussion. One month after completing neoadjuvant treatment, reassessment including digital rectal examination, colonoscopy, and pelvic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging suggested near-cCR...