Central sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), characterized by repeated narrow or collapse of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in periodic reductions or cessations in ventilation, consequent hypoxia, hypercapnia, increased sympathetic activity and sleep fragmentation, places a serious burden on society and health care. Intermittent hypoxia (IH), which cause central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, and ultimately lead to neuropathy, is thought to be a crucial contributor to cognitive impairment in OSAS...

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common sleep disorder, poses significant challenges in perioperative management due to its complexity and multifactorial nature. With a global prevalence of approximately 22.6%, OSA often remains undiagnosed, and increases the risk of cardiac and respiratory postoperative complications. Preoperative screening has become essential in many institutions to identify patients at increased risk, and experts recommend proceeding with surgery in the absence of severe symptoms, albeit with heightened postoperative monitoring...

INTRODUCTION: Anti-IgLON5 disease is a recently described neurological disorder with multisystemic features. The disease is characterized by the presence of IgLON5 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Our objective is to describe in detail the otorhinolaryngological manifestations of this disease, which are frequent and may include dysphagia, dysarthria, vocal cord paralysis and laryngospasm. METHODS: In this study, we present a series of 9 patients with anti-IgLON5 disease and otolaryngological manifestations...

PHOX2B is a transcription factor essential for the development of different classes of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Heterozygous mutations in the PHOX2B coding region are responsible for the occurrence of Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS), a rare neurological disorder characterised by inadequate chemosensitivity and life-threatening sleep-related hypoventilation. Animal studies suggest that chemoreflex defects are caused in part by the improper development or function of PHOX2B expressing neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a central hub for CO2 chemosensitivity...

BACKGROUND: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) combined with resistant hypertension (RH) have a high risk of developing primary aldosteronism (PA). This study investigated the aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and plasma renin activity (PRA) to determine the optimal cutoff values for PA diagnosis in patients with OSAHS combined with RH. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with moderate and severe OSAHS combined with RH were recruited from the inpatient clinic of the Department of Endocrinology at Ji'an Central Hospital between October 2020 and April 2023...

Catathrenia is a loud expiratory moan during sleep that is a social embarrassment and is sometimes confused with central apnea on polysomnography. It affects about 4% of adults, but cases are rarely referred to sleep centers. Catathrenia affects males and females, children and adults, who are usually young and thin. A "typical" catathrenia begins with a deep inhalation, followed by a long, noisy exhalation, then a short, more pronounced exhalation, followed by another deep inhalation, often accompanied by arousal...

Valproic acid holds a prominent position as the primary therapeutic option for epilepsy cases. The utilization of antiepileptic agents like valproic acid has been linked to disturbances in sleep architecture. Although scant, there exists a subset of studies that allude to the potential manifestation of sleep apnea as an adverse effect of valproic acid administration. In this context, we present a case report of a 76-year-old man with a past medical history of arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treated with continuous positive airway pressure since 2020...

BACKGROUND: Both sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) and HIV infection can interfere with normal sleep architecture, and also cause physical and psychological distress. We aimed to understand the differences in the obstructive patterns, sleep architecture, physical and psychological distress when compared between people living with HIV (PLWH) and matched the severity of SRBDs controls. METHODS: A comparative study using matched case-control design was conducted...

PURPOSE: Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) related arterial endothelium injury is a common cause of cardiovascular system injury. However, the mechanism still needs to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) in CIH-related rat arterial endothelial cells (ROAEC) ferroptosis. METHODS: ROAEC was divided into control group, CIH group, and CIH+ Fer-1 group. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit 8 kits (CCK8)...

BACKGROUND: Bilateral internal ramus distraction (BIRD) is now part of select protocols for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Introducing a home monitoring protocol offers a valuable alternative to overnight laboratory polysomnography (PSG). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare OSA parameters obtained via home respiratory polygraphy (HRP) and hospital PSG in a cohort of patients undergoing mandibular distraction for OSA management...

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), a sleep disorder with high prevalence, is normally accompanied by affective, autonomic, and cognitive abnormalities, and is deemed to be linked to functional brain alterations. To investigate alterations in brain functional connectivity properties in patients with OSA, a comparative analysis of global and local topological properties of brain networks was conducted between patients with OSA and healthy controls (HCs), utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Advances in prenatal repair of myelomeningocele (MMC) have improved outcomes involving different organ systems. There is limited data on respiratory outcomes following prenatal surgical repair. We hypothesize there is no difference in respiratory outcomes between spina bifida (SB) patients who have undergone prenatal versus postnatal repair. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 46 infants <1 year with SB seen at Children's Hospital Los Angeles from 2004-2022...

Pediatric sleep-related breathing disorders, or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), cover a range of conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, sleep-related hypoventilation disorders, and sleep-related hypoxemia disorder. Pediatric SDB is often underdiagnosed, potentially due to difficulties associated with performing the gold standard polysomnography in children. This scoping review aims to: (1) provide an overview of the studies reporting on safe, noncontact monitoring of respiration in young children, (2) describe the accuracy of these techniques, and (3) highlight their respective advantages and limitations...

Neonatal hypotonia presents with low muscle tone and an array of symptoms that vary depending on the etiology. The differential diagnosis for this condition is complex. It is crucial to exclude life-threatening causes before following a diagnostic algorithm and performing additional tests. Given the wide range of clinical symptoms and etiologies for neonatal hypotonia, rapid genetic testing has the potential to expedite diagnosis, reduce invasive testing such as muscle biopsy, reduce hospital stays, and guide condition management...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder that results in multiple bouts of intermittent hypoxia. OSA has many neurological and systemic comorbidities, including dysphagia, or disordered swallow, and discoordination with breathing. However, the mechanism in which chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) causes dysphagia is unknown. Recently, we showed the postinspiratory complex (PiCo) acts as an interface between the swallow pattern generator (SPG) and the inspiratory rhythm generator, the preBötzinger complex, to regulate proper swallow-breathing coordination (Huff et al...

INTRODUCTION: Periodic breathing (PB) is considered physiological in the neonatal period and usually disappears in the first months of life. There are few data available on persistent PB after the neonatal period. The objective of this study was to characterize infants born at term with persistent PB after the age of 1 month through polysomnography (PSG) performed during symptoms. METHODS: This retrospective case series included infants born at term between 2012 and 2021, without an underlying disease, who presented with symptoms of persistent PB during a PSG...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifaceted disorder marked by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, often coexisting with various medical conditions. This study, aimed to comprehensively analyze the Multifaceted Landscape of Pediatric Insights into Prevalence, Severity, and Coexisting Conditions. With a sample of 1928 participants, our study sought to determine the prevalence, severity, and associations between OSA and diverse conditions. METHODS: Conducted retrospectively from February 2019 to April 2023, the study included pediatric patients...

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening questionnaires have been evaluated in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) but not yet validated in patients with advanced disease. The aim of this study is to identify OSA predictive factors in advanced MS and to discuss screening strategies. METHODS: Oximetry data from 125 patients were retrospectively derived from polysomnographic reports. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine predictive factors for OSA...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Opioid medications are commonly used and are known to impact both breathing and sleep, and are linked with adverse health outcomes including death. Clinical data indicate that chronic opioid use causes central sleep apnea, and might also worsen obstructive sleep apnea. The mechanisms by which opioids influence sleep-disordered breathing pathogenesis are not established. METHODS: Patients who underwent clinically-indicated polysomnography confirming sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) (AHI≥5/hr) were included...