Delusions

sErotomania (de Clérambault's syndrome) refers to the delusional belief that another person, usually socially unreachable, is in love with the holder of the delusion. The occurrence of erotomania in Frontotemporal Dementia has rarely been reported. We present the unique case of a 59-year-old woman with a strong family history of early-onset dementia in whom erotomania was the initial manifestation that led to a diagnosis of definite Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia with a pathogenic missense mutation in the MAPT gene...

As a major mental health disorder, symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ) include delusions, reduced motivation, hallucinations, reduced motivation and a variety of cognitive disabilities. Many of these symptoms are now known to be associated with abnormal regulation of the immune system. Low blood levels of cytokines and chemokines have been suggested to be one of the underlying causes of SCZ. However, their biological roles at different stages of SCZ remain unclear. Our objective was to investigate expression patterns of cytokines and chemokines at different stages of onset and relapse in SCZ patients and to conduct an analysis of their relationship to disease progression...

The following commentary discusses a review by Cressot et al. entitled: 'Psychosis in Neurodegenerative Dementias: A Systematic Comparative Review'. The authors describe the epidemiology and phenomenology of psychosis across neurodegenerative dementias. Dementia with Lewy bodies had the highest reported prevalence of psychosis at 74% followed by Alzheimer's disease, 54% and frontotemporal degeneration, 42% . Detailed characterization of psychosis shows differences in the types of hallucinations and delusions by dementia type...

BACKGROUND: Psychosis, characterized by delusions and/or hallucinations, is frequently observed during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias (ND) (i.e., dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)) and cause diagnostic and management difficulties. OBJECTIVE: This review aims at presenting a concise and up-to-date overview of psychotic symptoms that occur in patients with ND with a comparative approach...

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for alcohol withdrawal delirium include heavy drinking, prior alcohol withdrawal delirium or convulsions, nondrug sedative use, and a history of tachycardia, withdrawal, and infections. CASE PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old man with a history of heavy drinking and type 2 diabetes was hospitalized for hypothermia, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure after a typhoon. He developed alcohol withdrawal symptoms 24 h after his last drink, leading to severe withdrawal delirium characterized by restlessness, delusions, and altered consciousness...

Aspects of hypnosis and its application in psychotherapy, psychosomatics and medicine are examined and contextualized in the 250-year history of hypnosis. Imagination as an essential element of hypnotic treatments appeared as early as 1784 as an argument rejecting the theory of animal magnetism of Franz Anton Mesmer. In somnambulism of German romanticism, another proto-form of hypnosis after 1800, concepts of the mind-body problem were dealt with, which still characterize the understanding of unconscious mental processes today...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical picture of bipolar affective disorders (BD) in children and adolescents hospitalized at the Clinical Ward of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (DAPP) in Sosnowiec, Poland. METHODS: Documentation analysis of 288 BD patients below 18 years of age. Detailed clinical and demographic data were collected and symptoms present during hospitalization were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age of illness onset was 13...

Late-onset psychosis refers to the development of psychotic symptoms after the age of 40 and can encompass various conditions like schizophrenia, mood disorders with psychotic features, and delusional disorder. Non-pharmacological interventions are critically important in older adults with psychosis, especially considering the lack of evidence for the efficacy of antipsychotics and the high risk of side effects. Social isolation is recognized as one of the risks of late-onset psychosis, and interventions to eliminate this risk are becoming increasingly important in Japan, where social isolation among older people is widespread as society ages...

The prediction error account of delusions has had success. However, its explanation of delusions with different contents has been lacking. Persecutory delusions and paranoia are the common unfounded beliefs that others have harmful intentions towards us. Other delusions include believing that one's thoughts or actions are under external control, or that events in the world have specific personal meaning. We compare learning on two different cognitive tasks, probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) and Kamin blocking, that have relationships to paranoid and non-paranoid delusion-like beliefs, respectively...

The claustrum is an irregular and fine sheet of grey matter in the basolateral telencephalon present in almost all mammals. The claustrum has been the object of several studies using animal models and, more recently, in human beings using neuroimaging. One of the most extended cognitive processes attributed to the claustrum is the salience process, which is also related to the insular cortex. In the same way, studies with human subjects and functional magnetic resonance imaging have reported the coactivation of the claustrum/insular cortex in the integration of sensory signals...

Cotard syndrome is a rare presentation where patients present with nihilistic thoughts of dying or already being dead. These delusions manifest from either a medical or psychiatric etiology and can be difficult to treat. Recently Couto and Gonçalves purposed that treatment should include an atypical antipsychotic alone or in combination with either a mood stabilizer or antidepressant. Here the authors advocate for a more specific but well-known psychotropic regimen, namely the combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine...

Weight loss is not uncommon in the field of psychiatry; however, when severe cases arise, it necessitates attention and thorough evaluation for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This report highlights the case of a 32-year-old man referred to psychiatry due to significant weight loss. The patient mentioned consuming small food portions, attributing it to an undetected stomach illness despite repeated investigations by previous treating doctors. His current weight stood at 31 kg, with a body mass index (BMI) of 10...

We report a case of a woman presenting with acute onset of delirium following ingestion of Amanita muscaria mushrooms for anxiolytic effect. Immediate diagnosis was obtained after taking a detailed history and confirmation with online poison database images. She fully recovered with supportive treatment and was discharged 24 hours after presentation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on A muscaria mushroom poisoning in the UK.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between childhood trauma (CT) and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), and subthreshold psychotic experiences in non-clinical populations is well-established. However, little is known about the relationship between subtypes of trauma and specific symptoms in patients, their siblings, and controls. It is also not clear which variables mediate the relationship between trauma and psychotic symptoms. METHODS: Seven hundred and forty-two patients with SCZ, 718 of their unaffected siblings and 1039 controls from three EU-GEI sites were assessed for CT, symptom severity, and cognitive schemas about self/others...

As global aging becomes more prominent, neurocognitive disorders (NCD) incidence has increased. Patients with NCD usually have an impairment in one or more cognitive domains, such as attention, planning, inhibition, learning, memory, language, visual perception, and spatial or social skills. Studies indicate that 50-80% of these adults will develop neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as apathy, depression, anxiety, disinhibition, delusions, hallucinations, and aberrant motor behavior. The progression of NCD and subsequent NPS requires tremendous care from trained medical professionals and family members...

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The persecutory delusion is the most common symptom of psychosis, yet its underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Prior studies have suggested that abnormalities in medial temporal lobe-dependent associative learning may contribute to this symptom. In the current study, this hypothesis was tested in a non-clinical sample of young adults without histories of psychiatric treatment (n = 64), who underwent classical Pavlovian fear conditioning while fMRI data were collected. During the fear conditioning procedure, participants viewed images of faces which were paired (the CS+) or not paired (the CS-) with an aversive stimulus (a mild electrical shock)...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the development of psychosis (PDP), including hallucinations and delusions, in more than half of the patient population. Optimal PD management must therefore involve considerations about both motor and non-motor symptoms. Often, clinicians fail to diagnosis psychosis in patients with PD and, when it is recognized, treat it suboptimally, despite the availability of multiple interventions. In this paper, we provide a summary of the current guidelines and clinical evidence for treating PDP with antipsychotics...

INTRODUCTION: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by stenosis of intracranial arteries. Despite the frequency and the impact of psychiatric symptoms on the long-term prognosis and quality of life of MMD patients, no systematic review on this topic exists. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 41 studies (29 being case reports), from PubMed, Scopus, Embase until 27/3/2023, on MMD patients exhibiting psychiatric symptoms...

RATIONALE: Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder associated with partial or complete monosomy X abnormalities; some patients may have a higher risk of psychiatric symptoms. Catatonia is associated with a wide range of life-threatening complications with complex pathogenesis; However, It very rare for patients with TS to develop psychotic symptoms and eventually progress to catatonia. This case report describes the diagnostic and therapeutic course of catatonia-associated TS. PATIENT CONCERNS: In this study, we report the case of a patient with TS who initially developed sudden hallucinations, delusions, and emotional instability, followed by catatonia...