Delusions

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568942.].

Traveling with the intention of encountering art or seeking purification of the spirit involves retribution of intangible nature and therefore can be expected to be a positive experience; nevertheless, among susceptible travelers, there is also a possibility of experiencing pathological conditions. Although it is colloquially known that beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder, it is necessary to mention that the appreciation of beauty, immensity, or mysticism contained in masterpieces is not perceived only through the eyes but through other sense organs as well...

Shared psychotic disorder characterized by Capgras syndrome is an extremely rare condition. To our knowledge, there are only a few published papers on this condition. This paper presents a case of shared Capgras syndrome in two sisters. The inducer was a younger sister with schizophrenia, who passed on her Capgras delusion to her older sister after the death of their father. After committing a violent offense caused by Capgras delusion, a court ordered the sisters' involuntary admission to a psychiatric hospital...

BACKGROUND: More than half of patients with Parkinson's disease will experience psychosis symptoms in the form of hallucinations or delusions at some point over the course of their disease. These symptoms can significantly impact patients' health-related quality of life, cognitive abilities, and activities of daily living (ADLs) and function. Clinical assessment of how psychosis impacts these measures is crucial; however, few studies have assessed this sufficiently, in part due to a lack of appropriate scales for comprehensively assessing function...

Tokophobia is regarded as the intensive fear of childbirth that some pregnant women have. However, little is known about the psychopathological details of tokophobia (fear of childbirth). Between 2020 and 2021, a total of 10 pregnant women (nine nulliparae and one multipara) with a strong fear of childbirth were referred by obstetricians. Semi-structured psychopathological interviews were conducted, and two cases were judged to have obsession, three an overvalued idea, and one secondary delusion. Three were characterised by both obsession and overvalued idea and one by both obsession and secondary delusion...

Felt presence is a widely occurring experience, but remains under-recognised in clinical and research practice. To contribute to a wider recognition of the phenomenon, we aimed to assess the presentation of felt presence in a large population sample ( n = 10 447) and explore its relation to key risk factors for psychosis. In our sample 1.6% reported experiencing felt presence in the past month. Felt presence was associated with visual and tactile hallucinations and delusion-like thinking; it was also associated with past occurrence of adverse events, loneliness and poor sleep...

Can Rawlsian public reason sufficiently justify public policies that regulate or restrain controversial medical and technological interventions in bioethics (and the broader social world), such as abortion, physician aid-in-dying, CRISPER-cas9 gene editing of embryos, surrogate mothers, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis of eight-cell embryos, and so on? The first part of this essay briefly explicates the central concepts that define Rawlsian political liberalism. The latter half of this essay then demonstrates how a commitment to Rawlsian public reason can ameliorate (not completely resolve) many of the policy disagreements related to bioethically controversial medical interventions today...

BACKGROUND:  The present study aimed to examine clinical differences between subjects with early-onset (<21 years) and adult-onset (>30 years) bipolar I disorder, in particular, in relation to anxiety comorbidity. METHOD: Subjects were selected from a cohort of 161 consecutive patients with bipolar disorder type I as diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorder (SCID-I). Clinical characteristics and axis I comorbidity were compared between those whose illness first emerged before the age of 21 years (n=58) and those whose first episode occurred after the age of 30 years (n=27)...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Acute psychosis is a common brief psychiatric emergency period of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and/or speech with or without psychomotor elements, which is not commonly induced by isotretinoin therapy. Dermatologists should counsel the patient before starting the treatment with all new, uncommon side effects, especially neuropsychiatric manifestations before starting this medication. CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old male smoker with a known case of acne vulgaris recently started on isotretinoin for 2 weeks after which he developed abnormal hyperactive psychomotor activity...

A psychotically motivated act or an act committed under impaired insight and control of action in the midst of an acute psychosis is the standard for lack of criminal responsibility. There is now increasing evidence that positive symptoms, particularly in the form of hallucinations and delusions, in trauma-related disorders and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are comparable to positive symptoms in psychotic disorders, posing a challenge for differential diagnosis and forensic assessment of the relevance of positive symptoms to insight and self-control...

INTRODUCTION: Stroke survivors usually present physical and neuropsychiatric complications. Post-stroke psychosis (PSPsy) is a particularly neglected sequel despite its disruptive nature. OBJECTIVES: To present a case of early emerging neuropsychiatric symptoms following a left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke. To review and discuss PSPsy clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes. CLINICAL CASE: A previously autonomous 68-year-old woman with vascular risk factors and depressive disorder presented to the emergency department with a 5-day history of disorientation, motor aphasia, and right hypoesthesia...

Delusional infestation (DI) is characterized by delusions of being infested by small microorganisms or even inanimate objects without any medical or microbiological evidence. The pathophysiology of DI is not well understood, and there are two types of DI: the primary form, where there is no underlying cause, and the secondary form, which is related to an associated psychiatric disorder, medical condition, or substance use. DI in Parkinson's disease (PD) is rarely reported, and most published cases are due to antiparkinsonian drugs...

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), a class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) commonly known as "spice," has rapidly gained popularity and become the most ubiquitous NPS on the illegitimate drug market. SCs, unlike natural cannabis (NC), are not controlled by international drug conventions, posing a significant risk to public health. These substances are easily accessible, relatively inexpensive, and challenging to detect in routine drug screenings. The existing literature provides strong evidence of an association between NC use and psychosis, but there is significantly less data on SC psychosis...

BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric symptoms and delusions are highly prevalent among people with dementia. However, multiple roots of neurobiological bases and shared neural basis of delusion and cognitive function remain to be characterized. By utilizing a fine-grained multivariable approach, we investigated distinct neuroanatomical correlates of delusion symptoms across a large population of dementing illnesses. METHODS: In this study, 750 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease completed brain structural imaging and neuropsychological assessment...

RATIONALE: Synthetic cathinones (SC), commonly referred to as "bath salts", are stimulants resembling the natural alkaloid cathinone found in the khat plant. These substances have the potential to induce serious health risks such as hallucinations, delusions, paranoia and agitation which can lead to substance-induced psychotic disorders. Despite growing concerns, there is a limited understanding of the association between SC consumption and the devolvement of such psychopathologies. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to investigate the frequency of substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD) and associated conditions in humans following synthetic cathinone consumption...

Historically, humanity has suffered and endured deadly pandemics of varying mortality rates. Irrefutably, research shows that the outbreak of pandemics is flooded by mythical and fallacious information among the public, hence stifling the prevention, treatment, and management of diseases. This paper focused on comparing selected aspects of the two pandemics, that is, HIV/AIDS and Coronavirus. This comparative analysis is important for drawing informative lessons for effective response and management of pandemics in the future...

BACKGROUND: Hysteria in its most severe expression may reach psychotic manifestations. Such symptomatology has been occasionally described by various authors starting from the 19th century and defined as "hysterical psychosis" (HP) by Hollender and Hirsch in 1964. Currently, diagnostic psychiatric manuals such as DSM and ICD do not include the diagnosis of HP, although this term is commonly used in clinical practice. This raises a well-known problem with case definition due to an inconsistent use of terminology...

INTRODUCTION: Insight in psychosis has been conceptualized as a continuous, dynamic, and multidimensional phenomenon. This study aims to determine the impact of delusions and hallucinations in different dimensions of clinical insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS: Cross-sectional multicenter study including 516 patients (336 men) diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Based on dichotomized scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) items P1 (delusions) and P3 (hallucinations), patients were assigned to four groups according to current clear presence of delusions (scores 4 or above 4 in PANSS item P1) and/or hallucinations (scores 4 or above 4 in PANNS item P3)...

During the last 50 years, a group of ecologists has repeatedly used Popper's falsificationism in normative claims concerning how research in ecology should be conducted and/or how ecology should be corrected. Other ecologists seem to be dissatisfied with these criticisms. Nevertheless, they have not provided systematic analyses of how and why the Popperian criticisms of ecology fail. I have two aims in this article First, I show how so-called Popperian ecologists have not only failed to use but have misused - if not abused - Popper in their criticisms of ecology...