angiopathy cerebral reversible

Flow in a porous medium can be driven by the deformations of the boundaries of the porous domain. Such boundary deformations locally change the volume fraction accessible by the fluid, creating non-uniform porosity and permeability throughout the medium. In this work, we construct a deformation-driven porous medium transport model with spatially and temporally varying porosity and permeability that are dependent on the boundary deformations imposed on the medium. We use this model to study the transport of interstitial fluid along the basement membranes in the arterial walls of the brain...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) within the cerebral parenchyma and vasculature, which is known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). This study utilized confocal imaging to investigate heparan sulfate (HS) expression within the cerebrovasculature and its associations with Aβ, gender, and ApoE4 genotype in AD. Our investigation revealed elevated levels of HS in the cerebrovasculature of AD patients with severe CAA...

BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity, but its pathophysiology is poorly characterized. We investigated characteristics of pregnancy-associated ICH (P-ICH), compared with ICH in similar aged nonpregnant adults of both sexes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 134 adults aged 18 to 44 years admitted to our center with nontraumatic ICH from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. We compared ICH characteristics among 3 groups: those with P-ICH (pregnant or within 12 months of end of pregnancy); nonpregnant women; and men...

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) refers to segmental, multifocal constriction of intracranial arteries along with acute headache and resolves within weeks. It occurs more commonly in women, and 1 well-known manifestation of RCVS is postpartum angiopathy. Furthermore, the female sex is included in scoring systems designed to assist with diagnosing RCVS. Nonetheless, the literature is mixed regarding the true role of female and pregnancy-related factors in the pathophysiology of RCVS, and it is similarly unclear whether management of this disorder differs by sex...

AIMS: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-RI) is a potentially reversible manifestation of CAA, histopathologically characterised by transmural and/or perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. We aimed to identify clinical, radiological, and laboratory variables capable of improving or supporting the diagnosis of or predicting/influencing the prognosis of CAA-RI and to retrospectively evaluate different therapeutic approaches. METHODS: We present clinical and neuroradiological observations in seven unpublished CAA-RI cases, including neuropathological findings in two definite cases...

Hypertension-associated cerebral small vessel disease is a common finding in older people. Strongly associated with age and hypertension, small vessel disease is found at autopsy in over 50% of people aged ≥65 years, with a spectrum of clinical manifestations. It is the main cause of lacunar stroke and a major source of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. The brain areas affected are subcortical and periventricular white matter and deep gray nuclei. Neuropathological sequelae are diffuse white matter lesions (seen as white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging), small ischemic foci (lacunes or microinfarcts), and less commonly, subcortical microhemorrhages...

Dementia is often characterized by age-dependent cerebrovascular pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits with notable sex differences in risk, disease onset, progression and severity. Women bear a disproportionate burden of dementia, and the onset of menopause (i.e., perimenopause) may be a critical period conferring increased susceptibility. However, the contribution of early ovarian decline to the neuroinflammatory processes associated with cerebrovascular dementia risks, particularly at the initial stages of pathology that may be more amenable to proactive intervention, is unknown...

Although photobiomodulation (PBM) and gamma visual stimulatqion (GVS) have been overwhelmingly explored in the recent time as a possible light stimulation (LS) means of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy, their effects have not been assessed at once. In our research, the AD mouse model was stimulated using light with various parameters [continuous wave (PBM) or 40 Hz pulsed visible LED (GVS) or 40 Hz pulsed 808 nm LED (PBM and GVS treatment)]]. The brain slices collected from the LS treated AD model mice were evaluated using (i) fluorescence microscopy to image thioflavine-S labeled amy-loid-β (Aβ) plaques (the main hallmark of AD), or (ii) two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) imaging of unlabeled Aβ plaques, showing that the amount of Aβ plaques was reduced after LS treatment...

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-RI) is an encephalopathy caused by inflammation of β-amyloid peptide deposition in cerebrovascular vessels. It is a rare disease that mainly occurs in the elderly and is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, headache, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits. CAA-RI can demonstrate characteristic brain MRI findings and can be reversed by steroids or other immunosuppressive therapies. Here, we report a case of CAA-RI, which was initially misdiagnosed as a subacute infarction but was diagnosed while reviewing follow-up brain MRI images, and spontaneous remission was achieved...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Uncommon causes of stroke merit specific attention; when clinicians have less common etiologies of stoke in mind, the diagnosis may come more easily. This is key, as optimal management will in many cases differs significantly from "standard" care. RECENT FINDINGS: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the best medical therapy in the treatment of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) have demonstrated low rates of ischemia with both antiplatelet and vitamin K antagonism...

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-rI) is a largely reversible, subacute encephalopathy, which is considered as a rare variant of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Although the diagnosis of this inflammatory vasculopathy is generally clinico-pathologic, a probable or possible diagnosis can often be established based on current clinico-radiological diagnostic criteria. This is important since CAA-rI is considered as a treatable disorder, which most commonly occurs in the elderly population...

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is a subset of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) causing a reversible encephalopathy characterized by seizures and focal neurological deficit. Previously, biopsy was required to make this diagnosis, distinct radiological features have allowed development for clinicoradiological criteria to assist in diagnosis. CAA-ri is an important condition to recognize as patients respond to high dose corticosteroids with significant resolution of symptoms. A 79-year-old woman presents with new onset seizures and delirium with prior history of mild cognitive impairment...

Atraumatic convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage describes spontaneous bleeding into the convexities of the brain sulci without parenchymal involvement. Its many causes include reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, cerebral sinus venous thrombosis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and (in older people) cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We describe the clinical and radiological features of non-traumatic convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage with its various presentations, causes, treatments and prognoses, and use clinical vignettes to highlight important clinical points and pitfalls...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-RI), which presents with acute or subacute cognitive or functional decline, focal or multifocal neurologic deficits, new onset of seizures, or a combination of seizures and neurologic deficits, shares clinical and radiologic similarities with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Differential diagnosis is critical because the treatment principle for these 2 conditions differs greatly. Here, we present a case of PRES-like CAA-RI and the strategy used to discriminate between the 2 conditions...

PURPOSE: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is a rare potentially reversible encephalopathy associated with an autoimmune process against proteins deposited in the walls of cortical and leptomeningeal brain vessels. Definite diagnosis requires histopathological features of vascular inflammation and amyloid deposition from brain biopsy. Clinical-neuroradiological criteria have been recently introduced and validated to reduce the need for biopsy. The purpose of this paper is to report a historical retrospective review of clinical-neuroradiological follow-up of two patients with probable CAA-ri and five patients with a reasonably probable suspect of CAA-ri (4 females, 3 males, patient's age at admission: 66-79 years) seen at our institution between 2007 and 2021, focusing on clinical and neuroradiological awareness to this entity and variable response to immunotherapy...

CAA-ri is a reversible and rare encephalopathy that may manifest in patients with CAA. In this short article, we describe CT and MRI findings of CAA-ri in a 67-year-old man presented to emergency with sudden aphasia and acute cognitive dysfunction, underlining the pivotal role of neuroimaging in the diagnostic path.

A 59-year-old man with progressive cognitive decline and mood disturbances was admitted to the hospital. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed marked white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and widespread lobar cerebral microbleeds. Because he had untreated hypertension, we started antihypertensive treatment and found a significantly improved cognitive function and WMH regression. We diagnosed him with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) based on the modified Boston Criteria with the rare apolipoprotein (ApoE) ε2/ε4 genotype...

BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular dysfunction (CVD) is an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributing to the pathology progression, and suggesting a strict association between CVD and neurodegeneration. The majority of AD cases present cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), neuropathological feature characterized by abnormal vasculotropic deposition of amyloid beta, mainly Aβ40. Severe CAA is also induced by familial Aβ variants, such as the Dutch-Q22. Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated that brain vascular amyloidosis elicits mitochondrial dysregulation and caspase-mediated apoptosis, in cells composing the neurovascular unit, including neurons, endothelial, glial and smooth muscle cells...

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinicoradiological syndrome characterized by segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries with resolution in most patients within 1 to 3 months. It has been known to be a benign uniphasic reversible illness but cases of fulminant RCVS with mortality have also been reported. The symptoms can be varied with presentations like transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)...

BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is an acknowledged syndrome of reversible encephalopathy, also known as cerebral ß-related angiitis. It is characterized by brisk progressive higher mental dysfunctions, headaches, seizures/epilepsy, and behavioral changes, and is highly responsive to immunosuppressive medications. To quickly and properly determine patients' management plans and prognoses, doctors are left with only CAA-ri-associated behavioral changes and seizures, in addition to a high index of suspicion of the correct diagnosis...