The spleen

To optimise soldier protection within body armour systems, knowledge of the boundaries of essential thoraco-abdominal organs is necessary to inform coverage requirements. However, existing methods of organ boundary identification are costly and time consuming, limiting widespread adoption for use on soldier populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel method of using 3D organ models to identify essential organ boundaries from low dose planar X-rays and 3D external surface scans of the human torso...

BACKGROUND AIMS: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a new axis of intercellular communication that can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, as cell-free therapies. The clinical application of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs, however, is still in its infancy and faces many challenges. The heterogeneity inherent to MSCs, differences among donors, tissue sources, and variations in manufacturing conditions may influence the release of EVs and their cargo, thus potentially affecting the quality and consistency of the final product...

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a long-lived rodent species showing resistance to the development of cancer. Although naked mole-rats have been reported to lack natural killer (NK) cells, γδ T cell-based immunity has been suggested in this species, which could represent an important arm of the immune system for antitumor responses. Here, we investigate the biology of these unconventional T cells in peripheral tissues (blood, spleen) and thymus of the naked mole-rat at different ages by TCR repertoire profiling and single-cell gene expression analysis...

The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) endorsed the development of this document on multiparametric ultrasound. Part 1 is an update to the WFUMB Liver Elastography Guidelines Update released in 2018 and provides new evidence on the role of ultrasound elastography in chronic liver disease. The recommendations in this update were made and graded using the Oxford classification, including level of evidence (LoE), grade of recommendation (GoR) and proportion of agreement (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine [OCEBM] 2009)...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 25% and 35% arginine supplementation in partially alleviating the effects of necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge on the production performance, intestinal integrity, and relative gene expression of tight junction proteins and inflammatory cytokines in broilers. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to the 4 treatments- Uninfected + Basal, NE + Basal, NE + Arg 125%, and NE + Arg 135%. NE was induced by inoculating 1 × 104 Eimeria maxima sporulated oocysts on d 14 and 1 × 108 CFU/bird C...

PURPOSE: This prospective study assessed the value of ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of hepatosplenic fungal infections (HSFI). METHODS: Thirty-two pediatric participants with confirmed onco-hematological diseases and HSFI were included. Lesions in the liver and/or spleen were detected by US, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: Of the participants, 11 (34%) had confirmed HSFI, while 21 (66%) had highly suspected HSFI...

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a potentially fatal poultry disease that causes enormous economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary organic yeast-derived selenium (Se) on immune protection against experimental necrotic enteritis (NE) in commercial broilers. Chickens were fed basal diets supplemented with different Se levels (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 Se mg/kg). To induce NE, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) was orally administered at 14 days of age post hatch...

The most recent dam rupture in Brazil released tons of mining tailings into the upper course of the Paraopeba River, affecting this river in an unprecedented way. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of heavy metals on Prochilodus costatus, an important commercial species in Brazil, four years after the dam colapse. To this end, biomarkers of heavy metals, oxidative stress, and environmental stress were analyzed, and histological analyses of target organs were performed. The results demonstrated critical contamination of fish from the Paraopeba River...

BACKGROUND: The obesity paradox theorizes a survival benefit in trauma patients secondary to the cushioning effect of adiposity. We aim to evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on abdominal injury severity, morbidity, and mortality in adults with isolated, blunt abdominal trauma in the United States. METHODS: We reviewed the National Trauma Data Bank (2013-2021) for adults sustaining isolated, blunt abdominal trauma stratified by BMI. We performed a doubly robust, augmented inverse-propensity weighted multivariable logistic regression to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) of BMI on mortality and the presence of abdominal organ injury...

BACKGROUND: A wide array of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists commonly arrest experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, it is not known whether HDAC inhibition is linked to the AHR signaling pathway in EAE. METHODS: We investigated how the pan-HDAC inhibitor SB939 (pracinostat) exerted immunoregulatory action in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55 )-induced EAE mouse model by evaluating changes in of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) acetylation and the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and AHR in inflamed spinal cords during EAE evolution...

BACKGROUND: Spleen Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is rare, and the imaging signs are unclear. The COVID-19 has been confirmed to be the cause of pneumonia and can cause a variety of diseases including myocarditis. However, it has not been reported to be the cause of the exacerbation or activation of EBV-positive inflammatory FDCS. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to extract the imaging features of EBV-positive inflammatory FDCS in the spleen and analyze the reasons for the special features of this case...

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with a chronic course and a high recurrence. OBJECTIVE: Based on the theory of "prevention and recovery after ulceration", the application value and significance of compound ginseng cicada decoction in the intervention of chronic disease management in patients with AD were retrospectively analyzed. METHODS: Through clinical retrospective observation, 60 patients with spleen deficiency and moisture type AD admitted to the outpatient clinic of our hospital after January 2019 were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Understanding how pharmaceutical formulas target specific illnesses is crucial for developing effective treatments. Enriching ion channel data is a critical first step in comprehending a formula's mechanism of action. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the effective disease spectrum of the Qi Yu granule formula through network pharmacology analysis and backtracking, and analyze its potential curative effects on liver and spleen system diseases, particularly depression and breast cancer...

BACKGROUND: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus is a highly pathogenic virus that poses a significant threat to public health. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to develop and characterize novel mouse monoclonal antibodies targeting the spike protein S1 subunit of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV). METHODS: In this study, three mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against MERS-CoV were generated and characterized using hybridoma technology...

A 66-year-old woman had an episode of pancreatitis with symptoms starting in October 2023. MRI showed an enhancing soft tissue mass along the superior border of the pancreatic body, as well as signal changes in the pancreatic body and the tail consistent with pancreatitis. The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT demonstrated intense radiotracer uptake within the peripancreatic soft tissue mass, significantly greater than the spleen background. Biopsy of this peripancreatic mass revealed well-differentiated grade 1 neuroendocrine tumor...

Advanced gastric cancer that has not invaded the greater curvature is a good indication for total gastrectomy (TG) with spleen-preserving suprapancreatic and splenic hilar lymph node dissection (LND). However, the suprapancreatic and splenic hilar LND increases the area of dissection of the pancreas, and prolonged pressure drainage of the pancreas is required to maintain a clear operative view. This can lead to an increased risk of postoperative pancreatic complications. To report the efficacy of our novel preemptive retropancreatic approach (PRA) for the suprapancreatic and splenic hilar LND in robotic TG (RTG)...

The importance of humoral immunity to fungal infections remains to be elucidated. In cryptococcosis, patients that fail to generate antibodies against antigens of the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans are more susceptible to the disease, demonstrating the importance of these molecules to the antifungal immune response. Historically, antibodies against C. neoformans have been applied in diagnosis, therapeutics, and as important research tools to elucidate fungal biology. Throughout the process of generating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from a single B-cell clone and targeting a single epitope, several immunization steps might be required for the detection of responsive antibodies to the antigen of interest in the serum...

BACKGROUND: In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important part of the comprehensive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and Chinese herb formulas with the effect of "yiqi jianpi jiedu huayu" (replenishing qi, strengthening spleen, and removing toxicity and blood stasis) are the common and efficient treatments for HCC. However, the mechanism of these formulas in treating HCC remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, our goal is to explore the potential mechanism of Phyllanthus urinaria L anti-neoplastic decoction (PAD), the representative formula of "yiqi jianpi jiedu huayu", in treating HCC...

BACKGROUND: Allergic Asthma is a disease presenting various endotypes and no current therapies act curative but alleviate disease symptoms. Dietary interventions are gaining increasing importance in regulating immune responses. Furthermore, short chain fatty acids (SFCA), as the main products of dietary fiber's fermentation by the gut bacteria, ameliorate the pathogenesis and disease burden of different illnesses including asthma. Nevertheless, the connection and crosstalk between the gut and lung is poorly understood...

Spontaneous splenic rupture is an extremely rare occurrence, often attributed to tumorous pathologies. Among these, primary splenic angiosarcoma stands as a malignancy arising from the endothelial cells within the spleen. While sporadic cases have been reported globally, there remains a lack of comprehensive consensus on standardized approaches for diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of an 83-year-old male who underwent emergency enhanced CT due to sudden shock, revealing significant intra-abdominal fluid accumulation...