The spleen

INTRODUCTION: Chia and flax seeds are rich in alphalinolenic acid (ALA), which is bioconverted into the active derivatives eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) having multiple beneficial effects. However, there is limited knowledge about the antiinflammatory effects of chia and flax integral flours diets rich in ALA. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of dietary supplementation with integral chia and flax flours in a murine model of LPSinduced systemic inflammation...

The classification of tumors is essential in the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with malignant neoplasms. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides a globally applicable classification scheme of neoplasms and it was updated several times. In this review, we briefly outline the cornerstones of the upcoming 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours on lymphoid neoplasms. As is adopted throughout the 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumors of all organ systems, entities are listed by a hierarchical system...

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is involved in type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling through IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1). This signaling pathway is crucial in the early antiviral response and remains incompletely understood on B cells. Therefore, to understand the role of TYK2 in B cells, we studied these cells under homeostatic conditions and following in vitro activation using Tyk2-deficient (Tyk2-/- ) mice. Splenic B cell subpopulations were altered in Tyk2-/- compared to wild type (WT) mice. Marginal zone (MZ) cells were decreased and aged B cells (ABC) were increased, whereas follicular (FO) cells remained unchanged...

Piperine is an amide alkaloid responsible for producing the pungent smell that comes from black pepper. Piperine has been explained to exhibit significant properties such as anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects. The aim of the study was to synthesize pyrrole ester from piperine and evaluate its anti-arthritis effects in adjuvant-induced arthritis female Wistar rats. In this study, pyrrole ester (AU-5) was designed, synthesized and evaluated for ant-arthritic activity in adjuvant-induced arthritis Wistar rats...

BACKGROUND: Esophageal variceal (EV) hemorrhage is a life-threatening consequence of portal hypertension in hepatitis B virus (HBV) -induced cirrhotic patients. Screening upper endoscopy and endoscopic variceal ligation to find EVs for treatment have complications, contraindications, and high costs. We sought to identify the nomogram models (NMs) as alternative predictions for the risk of EV hemorrhage. METHODS: In this case-control study, we retrospectively analyzed 241 HBV-induced liver cirrhotic patients treated for EVs at the Second People's Hospital of Fuyang City, China from January 2021 to April 2023...

Beta-glucans and arabinoxylans are known for their immunostimulatory properties. However, in vivo these have been documented almost exclusively following parenteral administration, underemphasizing oral intake. C57BL/6 mice are fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with yeast-derived whole β-glucan particle (yWGP) or with rice-derived arabinoxylan (rice bran-1) at a concentration of 1%, 2.5%, or 5% weight/weight (w/w) for 2 weeks. Thereafter, cells from blood, bone marrow, and spleen are collected for ex vivo stimulation with various microbial stimuli...

In the present study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed (hLR) and live Limosilactobacillus reuteri PSC102 (LR; formerly Lactobacillus reuteri PSC102) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells were stimulated with hLR and LR for 24 h. Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with three doses of hLR (L-Low, M-Medium, and H-High) and LR for 3 weeks. The phagocytic capacity, production of nitric oxide (NO), and expression of cytokines in RAW264...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The spleen hosts both benign and malignant lesions. Despite multiple imaging modalities, the distinction between these lesions poses a diagnostic challenge, marked by varying diagnostic accuracy levels across methods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of various imaging techniques for detecting malignant splenic lesions. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases for studies evaluating imaging techniques in detecting malignant splenic lesions...

OBJECTIVES: Protein C (PC) is an anticoagulant that is encoded by the PROC gene. Validation for the function of PC was carried out in mouse models. METHODS: In this study, autosomal recessive PC deficiency (PCD) was selected as the target, and the specific mutation site was chromosome 2 2q13-q14, PROC c.1198G>A (p.Gly400Ser) which targets G399S (GGT to AGC) in mouse models. To investigate the role of hereditary PC in mice models, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to create a mouse model with a genetic PCD mutation...

Introduction Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is recognized by impaired cardiac responsiveness to stress, prolonged QT interval, and systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that play a key role in cardiac physiology. Connexin 43 (Cx43) inhibition showed cardio-protective effects. Peptide drug Cx43 inhibitor, Gap 26, could inhibit gap junction 43. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a connexin mimetic peptide, Gap 26, in the CCM model in rats. Methods The cirrhosis was induced through carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)...

OBJECTIVE: The experiment evaluated how Aloe vera gel (AVG) extract supplementation affected immune responses and physiological performances in broiler chickens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 90-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared for 38 days without the addition of antibiotics, either through feed or water. At 10 days, chicks were allocated into three groups: A, B, and C ( n = 30). Group A served as non-supplemented control. Groups B and C were administered aqueous extracts of AVG at 1...

Synchronous pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and renal cell cancer are extremely rare. Von-Hipple-Landau syndrome is a major association. A 43-year-old male patient with left upper quadrant pain and significant weight loss was diagnosed with a synchronous pancreatic tail neuroendocrine tumor with solitary splenic metastasis and a clear-cell renal cell carcinoma of the left kidney. Sonography and a computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a complex exophytic left renal mass and a necrotic lesion limited to the spleen...

The traditional prescription of Liangxue-Qushi-Zhiyang decoction (LQZ) has been demonstrated to be efficacious in treating atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder marked by intense itching, redness, rashes, and skin thickening. Nevertheless, there has been an inadequate systematic exploration of the potential targets, biological processes, and pathways for AD treatment through LQZ. The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanism of LQZ in AD mice. In our study, we identified the primary compounds of LQZ, analyzed hub targets, and constructed a network...

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting young females. SLE can invade any organ, and various forms of splenic invasion have been reported. Manifestations include splenomegaly and splenic infarction, rupture, and calcification. The study encountered a rare case of splenic involvement, with nodules of various sizes without calcifications or ruptures. CASE SUMMARY: A 15-year-old girl presented with arthralgia, weight loss, fever, increased levels of inflammatory markers, and positive antinuclear antibody test results...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections is mediated by virulence factors, such as enzymes, toxins, and biofilms, which increase the resistance of microorganisms to host immune system evasion. Testing and searching for standardized multi-level algorithms for the indication and differentiation of biofilms at the early stages of diagnosis will contribute to the development of preventive measures to control the critical points of technology and manage dangerous risk factors for the spread of infectious diseases...

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), a member of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae , can infect over fifty fish species and cause significant economic losses in Asia. Our previous study showed that hypoxia triggers the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway (HIF-pathway), leading to increased replication of ISKNV through promoting the upregulation of viral hypoxic response genes like orf077r . This study delved into the molecular mechanism behind how ISKNV manipulates the HIF-pathway to enhance its replication...

Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) is a transmembrane integrin protein that is highly expressed in aggressive forms of metastatic melanoma. A small-molecule peptidomimetic, LLP2A, was found to have a low pM affinity binding to VLA-4. Because LLP2A itself does not inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, it is an ideal candidate for the imaging and delivery of therapeutic payloads. An analog of [177 Lu]Lu-labeled-LLP2A was previously investigated as a therapeutic agent in melanoma tumor-bearing mice, resulting in only a modest improvement in tumor growth inhibition, likely due to rapid clearance of the agent from the tumor...

Diagnostic imaging is essential in modern trauma care for initial evaluation and identifying injuries requiring intervention. Deep learning (DL) has become mainstream in medical image analysis and has shown promising efficacy for classification, segmentation, and lesion detection. This narrative review provides the fundamental concepts for developing DL algorithms in trauma imaging and presents an overview of current progress in each modality. DL has been applied to detect free fluid on Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST), traumatic findings on chest and pelvic X-rays, and computed tomography (CT) scans, identify intracranial hemorrhage on head CT, detect vertebral fractures, and identify injuries to organs like the spleen, liver, and lungs on abdominal and chest CT...

OBJECTIVE: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repeated stereotypic behaviour. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) is the most potent and well-known mycotoxin in various food sources. Despite its propensity to generate significant biochemical and structural changes in human and animal tissues, the influence of AFB1 on ASD has yet to be thoroughly studied. Mounting evidence indicates that chemokine receptors play a crucial function in the central nervous system and are implicated in developing several neuroinflammatory disorders...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant threat to immunocompromised individuals and those with cystic fibrosis. Treatment relies on antibiotics, but persistent infections occur due to intrinsic and acquired resistance of P. aeruginosa towards multiple classes of antibiotics. To date, there are no licensed vaccines for this pathogen, prompting the urgent need for novel treatment approaches to combat P. aeruginosa infection and persistence. Here we validated AAV vectored immunoprophylaxis as a strategy to generate long-term plasma and mucosal expression of highly protective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the exopolysaccharide Psl (Cam-003) and the PcrV (V2L2MD) component of the type-III secretion system injectosome either as single mAbs or together as a bispecific mAb (MEDI3902) in a mouse model...