Community Acquired Pneumonia Treatment

OBJECTIVE: To study the etiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) combined with type 2 diabetes (T2D), providing a reference for early clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. METHODS: We selected a total of 93 patients with CAP and analyzed their metagenomics nextgeneration sequencing (mNGS) data. The case group comprised 46 patients with combined CAP/T2D, and the control group comprised 47 patients without diabetes. We analyzed the pathogenic findings of the two groups...

BACKGROUND: Nearly 25% of antibiotics prescribed to children are inappropriate or unnecessary, subjecting patients to avoidable adverse medication effects and cost. METHODS: We conducted a quality improvement initiative across 118 hospitals participating in the American Academy of Pediatrics Value in Inpatient Pediatrics Network 2020 to 2022. We aimed to increase the proportion of children receiving appropriate: (1) empirical, (2) definitive, and (3) duration of antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections to ≥85% by Jan 1, 2022...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Its pathogenicity is associated with a variety of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. The aim of the present study was to compare virulence attributes between ESBL and non-ESBL producing isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 113 K. pneumoniae including 56 ESBL and 57 non ESBL-producers were collected in Bushehr province, Iran, from November 2017 to February 2019...

A 22-year-old Vietnamese man was referred to our hospital owing to cough, dyspnea, and difficulty moving. The patient was diagnosed with community-acquired Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and necrotizing pneumonia. Treatment involved vancomycin (VCM) and meropenem, and the MRSA bacteremia improved. However, lung tissue destruction progressed. Therefore, linezolid was added to the VCM regimen, and this intervention led to the patient's recovery, and he was discharged from the hospital...

Chlamydia psittaci ‒ related community-acquired pneumonia associated to acute myocarditis was diagnosed in a young man with no medical history, and a professional exposition to birds. The diagnosis was confirmed with positive specific polymerase chain reaction in bronchoalveolar lavage. The patient was treated with spiramycin for two weeks with anti-inflammatory treatment for myocarditis for three months. Clinical and biological improvement was rapidly observed followed by normalization of electrocardiogram and chest CT scan...

Legionellers' desease accounts for 1-8 % of cases of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Legionella spp. Is the causative organism that can result in respiratory failure, multi-organ dysfunction, sepsis, and death. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment are crucial. We report the clinical and microbiology study of a patient with community-acquired pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila, with fatal outcome. After death, the strain causing the infection was identified as Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, Olda OLDA phenotype and sequence-type 1...

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a global cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive disease in children. The CAP-IT trial (grant No. 13/88/11; https://www.capitstudy.org.uk/ ) collected nasopharyngeal swabs from children discharged from hospitals with clinically diagnosed CAP, and found no differences in pneumococci susceptibility between higher and lower antibiotic doses and shorter and longer durations of oral amoxicillin treatment. Here, we studied in-depth the genomic epidemiology of pneumococcal (vaccine) serotypes and their antibiotic resistance profiles...

Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin approved by European and American regulatory agencies for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Ceftobiprole administration is useful in severe CAP as well as HAP where the potential is to save other β-lactams including carbapenems or linezolid/vancomycin in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to report the real-world evidence of ceftobiprole in patients with CAP and HAP in a single center. In this retrospective study, we included 159 patients with CAP or HAP: 105 (66%) had CAP and 54 (34%) had HAP...

OBJECTIVES: The increasing prevalence of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) poses a significant threat to the health of children. This study aimed to characterise and assess the outcomes in children with SMPP. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed children hospitalised for M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) between January and December 2022. Retrospectively, demographic, clinical, underlying diseases, laboratory and radiological findings, and treatment outcomes were collected and analysed...

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is defined according to hypermucoviscosity or various virulence factors and is clinically associated with community-acquired liver abscess (CLA). In this study, we investigated the clinical and microbiological characteristics of KP and significant factors associated with hypervirulence. The clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, hypermucoviscosity, serotypes, hypervirulence-related genes, and biofilm formation of 414 KP isolates collected from the Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital between December 2013 and November 2015 were analyzed according to CLA...

OBJECTIVES: Current guidelines recommend broad-spectrum antibiotics for high-severity community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), potentially contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We aim to compare outcomes in CAP patients treated with amoxicillin (narrow-spectrum) versus co-amoxiclav (broad-spectrum), to understand if narrow-spectrum antibiotics could be used more widely. METHODS: We analysed electronic health records from adults (≥16 y) admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia between 01-January-2016 and 30-September-2023 in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom...

BACKGROUND: Otitis is commonly associated with community-acquired bacterial meningitis but role of ear surgery as treatment is debated. In this study, we investigated the impact of otitis and ear surgery on outcome of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. METHODS: We analyzed episodes of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis from a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands, between March 2006 to July 2021. RESULTS: A total of 2,548 episodes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis were evaluated...

We conducted a retrospective study to assess performance of provider-selected antibiotic indication (PSI) in identifying hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia. PSI showed moderate sensitivity (64.4%) and high specificity (96.3%). PSI has potential utility for targeted real-time antibiotic stewardship interventions, though future research should investigate methods to improve sensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections are a major public health problem, necessitating the administration of polymyxin E (colistin) as a last-line antibiotic. Meanwhile, the mortality rate associated with colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae infections is seriously increasing. On the other hand, importance of administration of carbapenems in promoting colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is unknown. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of K...

The cohort consisted of 9400 exposed children diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (VSD). The risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or asthma with VSD was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model with an inverse probability of treatment weighting. During a mean follow-up of 6.67 years (starting from 12 months after birth), there were 2100 CAP admission cases among exposed patients (incidence rate: 33.2 per 1000 person-years) and 20,109 CAP admission cases among unexposed children (incidence rate: 29...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the similarities and differences between patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and those with other community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), utilizing propensity score matching (PSM), regarding hospitalization expenses, treatment options, and prognostic outcomes, aiming to inform the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. METHODS: Patients admitted to the ICU of the Third People's Hospital of Datong City, diagnosed with COVID-19 from December 2022 to February 2023, constituted the observation group, while those with other CAP admitted from January to November 2022 formed the control group...

BACKGROUND: The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) has been considered as a valid and reliable tool for predicting poor clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, its relationship with the severity of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been thoroughly explored. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to identify the impact of the comorbidity burden, quantitatively assessed by applying CCI, on the severity of inpatient community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by SARS-CoV-2...

UNLABELLED: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children and young adolescents. Despite macrolide antibiotics effectiveness as a first-line therapy, persistence of fever and/or clinical deterioration sometimes may complicate treatment and may even lead to severe systemic disease. To date, there is no consensus on alternative treatment options, optimal dosage, and duration for treating severe, progressive, and systemic MP pneumonia after macrolide treatment failure...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has increased globally, with extensive drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria posing a threat to patients. CASE SUMMARY: This case report describes a young man admitted for suspected tropical fever infections who experienced rapid deterioration in health. Despite negative results for tropical fever infections, he had neutrophilic leucocytosis, acute kidney injury, and chest imaging findings suggestive of bilateral consolidations...

BACKGROUND: Anti-synthetase syndrome (AS) is a rare autoimmune idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) with diverse manifestations, including arthritis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), Raynaud's phenomenon, unexplained persistent fever, and mechanic's hands. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 72-year-old woman, previously healthy, who was admitted to our hospital for treatment of cough and rapid breathing. The patient had elevated white blood cells and C-reactive protein, and tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)...