computational model mental illness

BACKGROUND: Various behavioral sensing research studies have found that depressive symptoms are associated with human-smartphone interaction behaviors, including lack of diversity in unique physical locations, entropy of time spent in each location, sleep disruption, session duration, and typing speed. These behavioral measures are often tested against the total score of depressive symptoms, and the recommended practice to disaggregate within- and between-person effects in longitudinal data is often neglected...

The psychological, emotional and social well-being of an individual determines their ability to contribute and function as a social member. Several studies over the years have proven that an alarming number of people live with mental illnesses, of which only a fraction is documented. Studies conducted by Open Sourcing Mental Illness (OSMI) organization have indicated that these figures are much higher in the tech industry. We present an analysis of patterns and infer contributory factors for mental illness in the tech industry, to aid in the early detection and assess employees' risk of diagnosis...

Chronic diseases, because of insidious onset and long latent period, have become the major global disease burden. However, the current chronic disease diagnosis methods based on genetic markers or imaging analysis are challenging to promote completely due to high costs and cannot reach universality and popularization. This study analyzed massive data from routine blood and biochemical test of 32 448 patients and developed a novel framework for cost-effective chronic disease prediction with high accuracy (AUC 87...

Objective: Returning Veterans often have conditions (e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, and history of traumatic brain injury [TBI]) associated with cognitive dysfunction and problems with work, school, housing, and relationships. Rehabilitative efforts in Veterans aim to promote community reintegration, or successful adjustment in one's home, community, and desired social roles. We examined associations between neuropsychological performance, neurobehavioral symptoms, and community reintegration in Veterans...

Speech reflects people's mental state and using a microphone sensor is a potential method for human-computer interaction. Speech recognition using this sensor is conducive to the diagnosis of mental illnesses. The gender difference of speakers affects the process of speech emotion recognition based on specific acoustic features, resulting in the decline of emotion recognition accuracy. Therefore, we believe that the accuracy of speech emotion recognition can be effectively improved by selecting different features of speech for emotion recognition based on the speech representations of different genders...

A stable and neutral mood (euthymia) is commended by both economic and clinical perspectives, because it enables rational decisions and avoids mental illnesses. Here we suggest, on the contrary, that a flexible mood responsive to life events may be more adaptive for natural selection, because it can help adjust the behavior to fluctuations in the environment. In our model (dubbed MAGNETO), mood represents a global expected value that biases decisions to forage for a particular reward. When flexible, mood is updated every time an action is taken, by aggregating incurred costs and obtained rewards...

Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses, affecting almost 300 million people. According to the WHO, depression is one of the world's leading causes of disability and morbidity. People with this illness require both psychological and pharmaceutical treatment because severe depressive episodes often result in suicide. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely used antidepressants that target the human serotonin transporter (hSERT). The crystallization of hSERT and the experimental data available allows cost and time-efficient computational tools like virtual screening (VS) to be utilized in the development of therapeutic agents...

BACKGROUND: Delirium remains understudied after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We sought to identify independent predictors of delirium among intensive care unit (ICU) patients with TBI. METHODS: This single-center retrospective cohort study evaluated adult patients with TBI requiring ICU admission. Outcomes included delirium days within the first 14 days, as assessed by the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU). Models were adjusted for age, sex, insurance, Marshall head computed tomography classification, presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), Injury Severity Score (ISS), need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, maximum admission Glasgow Coma motor score, glucose level, hemoglobin level, and pupil reactivity...

OBJECTIVE: This study intended to examine the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among inmates in Kaliti Prison Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 694 randomly selected inmates in Kaliti Federal Prison in Ethiopia. The depressive symptom was examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify correlates of depressive symptoms...

BACKGROUND: This systematic review aims to explore the prevalence of the impact of the COVID-19, MERS, and SARS pandemics on the mental health of pregnant women. METHODS: All COVID-19, SARS and MERS studies that evaluated the mental health of pregnant women with/without gynaecological conditions that were reported in English between December 2000 - July 2021 were included. The search criteria were developed based upon the research question using PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid PsycINFO and EMBASE databases...

Considering the increasing aging of the population, multi-device monitoring of the activities of daily living (ADL) of older people becomes crucial to support independent living and early detection of symptoms of mental illnesses, such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. Anomalies can anticipate the diagnosis of these pathologies in the patient's normal behavior, such as reduced hygiene, changes in sleep habits, and fewer social interactions. These abnormalities are often subtle and hard to detect. Especially using non-intrusive monitoring devices might cause anomaly detectors to generate false alarms or ignore relevant clues...

The need for objective measurement in psychiatry has stimulated interest in alternative indicators of the presence and severity of illness. Speech may offer a source of information that bridges the subjective and objective in the assessment of mental disorders. We systematically reviewed the literature for articles exploring speech analysis for psychiatric applications. The utility of speech analysis depends on how accurately speech features represent clinical symptoms within and across disorders. We identified four domains of the application of speech analysis in the literature: diagnostic classification, assessment of illness severity, prediction of onset of illness, and prognosis and treatment outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Mental health and physical health are intrinsically linked, yet the mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated whether moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) mediated the association between depression and physical function (PF) in midlife. METHODS: Individuals from two UK birth cohorts born within one week in 1958 (n = 7278) and 1970 (n = 6097) with data on depression (ages 33/34; Malaise Inventory), MVPA (age 42; self-reported) and PF (Short Form-36 subscale)...

Mental health home treatment is a service where patients with severe mental illnesses are visited by a multiprofessional psychiatric care team at their homes. In Germany, inpatient-equivalent home treatment as a specialized form of home treatment has been offered by hospitals since 2018. In its early stage, the shift of care activities out of the hospital toward the patient's home opened up a new set of problems and blurred the existing boundaries. This ethnographic study follows two home treatment teams and provides an in-depth description of their work...

BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders are severe and frequent co-morbid psychiatric illnesses with epilepsy. Different study findings across the world showed that patients with epilepsy have a higher burden of mental disorders than the general population. However, these issues in patients with epilepsy have been consistently undiagnosed. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to screen common mental disorders and the determinants among patients with epilepsy attending at Fenote Selam hospital...

Emotions are a mental state that is accompanied by a distinct physiologic rhythm, as well as physical, behavioral, and mental changes. In the latest days, physiological activity has been used to study emotional reactions. This study describes the electroencephalography (EEG) signals, the brain wave pattern, and emotion analysis all of these are interrelated and based on the consequences of human behavior and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder effects for long-term illness are associated with considerable suffering, impairment, and social/emotional impairment...

BACKGROUND: Defensive and threat-related behaviors are common models for aspects of human mental illness.These behaviors are typically quantified by potentially laborious and/or computationally intensive video recording and post hoc analysis. Depending on the analysis method, the resulting measurements can be noisy or inaccurate. Other defensive behaviors, such as suppression of operant reward seeking, require extensive animal pre-training. Inertial tracking and accelerometry can be computationally efficient, but require specialized hardware...

Computational models have great potential to revolutionise psychiatry research and clinical practice. These models are now used across multiple subfields, including computational psychiatry and precision psychiatry. Their goals vary from understanding mechanisms underlying disorders to deriving reliable classification and personalised predictions. Rapid growth of new tools and data sources (eg, digital data, gamification, and social media) requires an understanding of the constraints and advantages of different modelling approaches in psychiatry...

BACKGROUND: Depression (Major Depressive Disorder) is one of the most common mental illnesses. According to the World Health Organization, more than 300 million people in the world are affected. A first depressive episode can be solved by a spontaneous remission within 6 to 12 months. It has been shown that depression affects speech production and facial expressions. Although numerous studies are proposed in the literature for depression recognition using audiovisual cues, depression relapse using audiovisual cues has not been studied in the literature...

The development of treatments for impaired cognition in schizophrenia has been characterized as the most important challenge facing psychiatry at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) project was designed to build on the potential benefits of using tasks and tools from cognitive neuroscience to better understanding and treat cognitive impairments in psychosis. These benefits include: (1) the use of fine-grained tasks that measure discrete cognitive processes; (2) the ability to design tasks that distinguish between specific cognitive domain deficits and poor performance due to generalized deficits resulting from sedation, low motivation, poor test taking skills, etc...