CDX2

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition characterized by sudden and unpredictable hair loss, with a lifetime incidence of 2%. AA can be divided into three categories: patchy alopecia, alopecia totalis, and alopecia universalis. It can affect a person's psychological health and overall quality of life. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the liver may indicate an inflammatory response in autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D, essential for immune system control and skin health, may be related to AA...

OBJECTIVE: Caudal-type homologous transcription factor 2 (CDX2) has been shown to be associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer, with those with high expression having a good prognosis and those with low expression having a poor prognosis. As duodenal and colorectal cancers are similar in histological origin, we suspect that CDX2 expression in duodenal cancer may also be related to prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CDX2 in duodenal cancer and its relationship with prognosis...

OBJECTIVE: Gastrointestinal metaplasia (GIM) has a close relationship with gastric cancer (GC), but it is unclear how to judge which GIM could develop into GC. This study aimed to assess the role of CDX2 and its association with Helicobacter pylori ( H.pylori ) genotypes in GIM. METHODS: CagA and vacA genes were identified via PCR in 466 H. pylori -positive gastric tissues, including gastritis (n=104), GIM diagnosed endoscopically (GIM-1; n=82), gastric cancer (GC; n=173), and paired adjacent GIM tumors resected surgically (GIM-2; n=107)...

Medullary carcinoma of the colon is an unusual and unique histologic subtype of colorectal cancer. It is strongly associated with microsatellite instability, most commonly loss of MLH1 indicative of deficient mismatch repair proteins. Diagnosis is challenging as they do not display the usual histological pattern. Immunohistochemical staining also shows unusual findings like negativity for CD20 and CDX2. Here, we explore an intriguing case of medullary carcinoma of colon which showed loss of MSH2 and MSH6 and a morphology reminiscent of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma...

Pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) are benign tumors of the salivary glands. Rarely, they arise in the sinonasal cavity, presenting as well-defined, homogeneous soft tissue masses, causing expansive bony changes. The significance of PAs is the possibility of giving rise to malignant carcinoma - "carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma" (CXPA).Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old female complaining of progressive unilateral congestion and external nose deformation, mostly along the left contour of the radix, with epiphora of the ipsilateral eye...

Gene fusions have emerged as crucial molecular drivers of oncogenesis in a subset of cutaneous adnexal neoplasms, including poroid neoplasms and hidradenomas. We present a unique case of primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma harboring RARA::NPEPPS fusion, broadening the spectrum of fusion-associated cutaneous adnexal neoplasms. A 77-year-old African American male presented with an ulcerated thigh nodule. Histopathologically, the predominantly dermal-based adenocarcinoma exhibited papillary, micropapillary, cribriform, and solid growth patterns with central comedonecrosis, set in a fibrotic/desmoplastic stroma...

Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare lung adenocarcinoma with morphological features similar to those of primary and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. To date, only a few studies have reported the therapeutic effects of chemoradiotherapy on PEAC. This report describes the case of a 28-year-old woman with pregnancy-related PEAC who presented with left shoulder pain. A superior sulcus tumor was identified in the left thoracic cavity, and the biopsy indicated more than 50% intestinal differentiation components...

Color-tunable room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have raised wide interest due to their potential application in the fields of encryption and anti-counterfeiting. Herein, a series of CdX2 -organic hybrid perovskitoids, (H-apim)CdX3 and (apim)CdX2 (denoted as CdX-apim1 and CdX-apim2, apim = 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, X = Cl, Br), were synthesized using apim with both rigid and flexible groups as ligands, which exhibit naked-eye detectable RTP with different durations and colors (from cyan to red) by virtue of different halogen atoms, coordination modes and the coplanar configuration of flexible groups...

INTRODUCTION: Mesothelioma is an insidious neoplasm that develops from mesothelial cells. About 80% of mesotheliomas originate in the pleural cavity. Other sites where it has been reported are the peritoneal cavity, tunica vaginalis, and the pericardium. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old female complained of abdominal distention and pain for three months. There was a significant weight loss of approximately 15 kg in the past three months, and there was no family history of any malignancy, tuberculosis, substance abuse, or asbestosis exposure...

Loss of Cdx2 in vivo leads to stunted development of the allantois, an extraembryonic mesoderm-derived structure critical for nutrient delivery and waste removal in the early embryo. Here, we investigate how CDX2 dose-dependently influences the gene regulatory network underlying extraembryonic mesoderm development. By engineering human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) consisting of wild-type (WT), heterozygous (CDX2-Het), and homozygous null CDX2 (CDX2-KO) genotypes, differentiating these cells in a 2D gastruloid model, and subjecting these cells to single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing, we identify several pathways that are dose-dependently regulated by CDX2 including VEGF and non-canonical WNT...

Lack of expression of the tumour suppressor gene caudal-type homeobox 2 ( CDX2 ) associates with poor outcomes in early stage colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet its prognostic value in the context of other prognostic biomarkers in metastatic CRC (mCRC) is unknown. Overexpressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) has been reported in advanced CRC. However, CDX2 and COX2 relationship in mCRC remains undetermined. We aimed to assess their expression in mCRC tumours from a clinically characterised cohort and their influence on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in first line...

Preimplantation embryos undergo a series of important biological events, including epigenetic reprogramming and lineage differentiation, and the key genes and specific mechanisms that regulate these events are critical to reproductive success. USP7 is a deubiquitinase involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions, yet its precise function and mechanism in preimplantation embryonic development remain unknown. Our results showed that RNAi-mediated silencing of USP7 in mouse embryos or treatment with P5091, a small molecule inhibitor of USP7, significantly reduced blastocyst rate and blastocyst quality, and decreased total and TE cell numbers per blastocyst, as well as destroying normal lineage differentiation...

Cutaneous metastasis from internal malignancies, indicative of poor prognosis, is rare and often involves primary sources like lung, breast, and colorectal cancer (CRC). This case details a 66-year-old male developing a scalp lesion 10 years post colon adenocarcinoma diagnosis. The challenging medical journey included a comprehensive biopsy confirming metastatic CRC in cutaneous tissue through CDX2 and CK20 positivity, emphasizing the importance of advanced diagnostic techniques. Despite medical advancements, the patient's unfavorable prognosis led to succumbing within a year, highlighting challenges in managing such cases and the need for vigilant post-diagnosis care...

Barrett's esophagus (BE) belongs to a pathological phenomenon occurring in the esophagus, this paper intended to unveil the underlying function of miR-378a-5p and its target TSPAN8 in BE progression. GEO analysis was conducted to determine differentially expressed genes in BE samples. Non-dysplastic metaplasia BE samples, high-grade dysplastic BE samples and controls were collected from subjects. CP-A and CP-B cells were exposed to bile acids (BA) to mimic gastroesophageal reflux in BE cells. RT-qPCR as well as western blot were applied for verifying expressions of miR-378a-5p, TSPAN8, CDX2 and SOX9...

OBJECTIVES: Aging and excessive fat intake may additively induce dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and intestinal inflammatory damage. Here, we analyzed microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal injury in high-fat diet-loaded senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8). Additionally, we examined whether treatment with molecular hydrogen could improve the intestinal environment. METHODS: SAMP8 and SAMR1 (control) mice were first fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 wk (n = 10 each group)...

Sex cord-like endometrioid carcinoma (SCLEC) is an uncommon entity which may constitute a diagnostic challenge. This study aimed to perform a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular reappraisal of ovarian SCLEC. Consecutive ovarian SCLECs cases from a single institution were reviewed during a 13-year period. Twenty-three immunohistochemical markers were tested; 10 genes were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Nine cases of ovarian SCLEC were identified. Mean patient age was 65.7 years; three cases showed extraovarian extension...

Human nervous system is arguably the most complex but highly organized organ. Foundation of its complexity and organization is laid down during regional patterning of neural tube (NT), the embryonic precursor to human nervous system. Historically, studies of NT patterning have relied on animal models to uncover underlying principles. Recently, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based models of neurodevelopment, including neural organoids1-5 and bioengineered NT development models6-10, are emerging. However, existing hPSC-based models fail to recapitulate neural patterning along both rostral-caudal (R-C) and dorsal-ventral (D-V) axes in a three-dimensional (3D) tubular geometry, a hallmark of NT development...

Precise spatiotemporal and cell type-specific gene expression is essential for proper tissue development and function. Transcription factors (TFs) guide this process by binding to developmental stage-specific targets and establishing an appropriate enhancer landscape. In turn, DNA and chromatin modifications direct the genomic binding of TFs. However, how TFs navigate various chromatin features and selectively bind a small portion of the millions of possible genomic target loci is still not well understood...

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly in which the urinary bladder develops outside the body. It may be part of the bladder epispadias-exstrophy-cloacal complex, which is a serious embryological defect where a spectrum of abnormalities involving the urinary tract, genital tract, musculoskeletal system, and intestinal tract is seen. Primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (PSRCA) arising in exstrophy of the urinary bladder is extremely rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. A 32-year-old man with congenital, untreated bladder exstrophy presented with a large fungating mass on the lower abdominal wall...

Mouse zygotes undergo multiple rounds of cell division, resulting in the formation of preimplantation blastocysts comprising three lineages: trophectoderm (TE), epiblast (EPI), and primitive endoderm (PrE). Cell fate determination plays a crucial role in establishing a healthy pregnancy. The initial separation of lineages gives rise to TE and inner cell mass (ICM), from which trophoblast stem cells (TSC) and embryonic stem cells (ESC) can be derived in vitro. Studying lineage differentiation is greatly facilitated by the clear functional distinction between TSC and ESC...