I DPP 4

Entomophagy is a sustainable alternative source of proteins for human nutrition. Acheta domesticus is one of the three insect species that complies with the European Union Regulation on novel foods, but to date, there are no reports on their potential bioactive peptides. In this study, an in silico approach was applied to simulate the gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of six A. domesticus proteins and identify new peptides with potential anti-hypertensive and/or anti-diabetic properties, resulting from their capability to inhibit the somatic Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (sACE) and/or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), respectively...

Livistona is a genus of family Arecaceae and widely grown in tropical areas. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves and fruits of two Livistona species, L. chinensis and L. australis were carried out using UPLC/MS and determination of the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, in addition to the isolation and identification of five phenolic compounds and one fatty acid from L. australis fruits. The total phenolic compounds varied from 19.72 to 78.87 mg GAE g-1 dry plant, while the total flavonoid contents were in the range of 4...

In the industrial sector, production processes are continuously evolving, but issues and delays in production are still commonplace. Complex problems often require input from production managers or experts even though Industry 4.0 provides advanced technological solutions. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) normally rely more on expert opinion since they face difficulties implementing the newest and most advanced Industry 4.0 technologies. This reliance on human expertise can cause delays in the production processes, ultimately, impacting the efficiency and profitability of the enterprise...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. This study examined the therapeutic effects of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor, on DN and explored the underlying mechanism. Male Wistar albino rats ( n = 12) were intraperitoneally administered a single dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Streptozotocin-treated and untreated rats ( n = 12) were further divided into normal control, normal sitagliptin-treated control, diabetic control, and sitagliptin-treated diabetic groups ( n = 6 in each)...

The reactivity of two α-diimine-ligated digallanes, [L2- Ga-GaL2- ] (La = [(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )NC(CH3 )]2 , dpp-dad, 1 ; Lb = 1,2-[(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )NC]2 C10 H6 , dpp-bian, 2 ), and a gallylene, [(La )2- GaNa(THF)3 ] ( 3 ), toward organic azides was studied. Reaction of digallane 1 or 2 with trimethylsilyl azide (Me3 SiN3 ), 2-azido-benzonitrile (2-CNC6 H4 N3 ), or tosylazide (TosN3 ) results in imido-bridged complexes, [(La )· - Ga(μ-NSiMe3 )2 Ga(La )· - ] ( 4 ) [(Lb )· - Ga(μ-NSiMe3 )2 Ga(Lb )· - ] ( 5 ), [(Lb )· - Ga(μ-2-CNC6 H4 N)2 Ga(Lb )· - ] ( 6 ), and [(Lb )· - Ga(μ-NTos)2 Ga(Lb )· - ] ( 7 ), with elimination of dinitrogen...

BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple metabolic disorders, with atherosclerosis as the core and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events as the outcome. Drug research and development (R&D) in cardiometabolic diseases has grown rapidly worldwide. However, the development of cardiometabolic drug clinical trials in China remains unclear. This study aims to depict the changing landscape of drug clinical trials for cardiometabolic diseases in China during 2009-2021...

BACKGROUND: To determine whether glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have cardiovascular and renal protective effects in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease (DKD) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 . METHODS: In this cohort study, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and eGFR < 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 with a first prescription for GLP-1RAs or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) from 2012 to 2021 (n = 125,392) were enrolled...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the biggest global health problems of the 21st century, which is characterised by insufficient insulin secretion and results in the augmentation of blood sugar levels. The current foundation of hyperglycemia therapy is oral antihyperglycemic medications like biguanides, sulphonylureas, α-glucosidase inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and others...

In this article the synthesis of a new hybrid compound, candidate as photothermal agent, is proposed, based on TDPP (3,6-di(thiophene-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) and toluidine blue. Electronic structure calculations at the DFT, TD-DFT and CCSD level of theories were performed to obtain ground and excited states molecular structures, photophysical properties and absorption spectrum of the hybrid and the starting compounds. Additionally, ADMET calculations were performed to predict the pharmacokinetic, metabolic and toxicity properties of the proposed compound...

Background: Growing evidence supports a bidirectional association between diabetes and depression; promising but limited and conflicting data from human studies support the intriguing possibility that antidiabetic agents may be used to relieve effectively depressive symptoms in diabetic patients. We investigated the potential antidepressant effects of antidiabetic drugs in a high-scale population data from the two most important pharmacovigilance databases, i.e. , the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the VigiBase...

Previous studies have indicated that HBV infection and T2DM are the factors that increase the risk of developing HCC. The experimental evidence has shown that antiglycemic agents may reduce the risk of HCC. However, the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) on the risk of HCC in T2DM patients with chronic HBV infection remains unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted patients with T2DM and chronic HBV infection from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent medical condition accompanied by mutual affection of other organs, including the liver resulting in complicated multiorgan malfunction. Macrophages play a vital role during tissue injury and healing; they are categorized into "classically activated macrophages" (M1) and "alternatively activated macrophages" (M2). The present study investigated and compared the conventional fluid therapy vs Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) vildagliptin on the liver injury induced by AKI and evaluated the possible molecular mechanisms...

Although technology-assisted diabetes prevention programs (DPPs) have been shown to improve glycemic control and weight loss, information are limited regarding relevant costs and their cost-effectiveness. To describe a retrospective within-trial cost and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to compare a digital-based DPP (d-DPP) with small group education (SGE), over a 1-year study period. The costs were summarized into direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs (i.e., times that participants spent engaging with the interventions), and indirect costs (i...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have established a close link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and an increased risk of vascular dementia (VD). In this study, we evaluated the risk of VD in patients with type 2 diabetes who were on antidiabetic medications. METHODS: There is a growing interest in observational and data-driven studies to answer specific research questions for defined populations. In line with this, 67,281 patients (age range, 61.95 ± 13.88 years; length of follow up, 3...

Certain nutrients stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion from the intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells, but due to rapid degradation by the DPP-4 enzyme, >90% is converted to inactive metabolite before reaching the target organs via circulation. Plants are a source of potent bioactive compounds that promote endogenous secretion of GLP-1 from L-cells. To search for the effective bioactive compound from a vast library of natural compounds, a reliable and low-cost assay is required considering the high cost of commercial assays...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial demonstrated benefits of empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), on cardiovascular, renal outcomes and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. The EMPRISE study program evaluates how these effects translate in a broad population of patients with type 2 diabetes in routine clinical care across countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes initiating empagliflozin or any dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) from large administrative databases in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan...

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of alogliptin (AG) at the cell and tissue level in healthy Wistar rats and a type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model. Immunohistochemistry of the renal tissue in these rats, post 1 hr of AG administration, showed that the signal was observed in the glomeruli, proximal tubule S3 segments, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and only in the brush border of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule S1, S2 segments. After 6 hr of AG administration, the staining intensity of the regions other than the S3 segments was considerably reduced in Wistar rats, with no change observed in GK rats...

Cisplatin (CP) is a broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent used to treat many human cancers. Nonetheless, most patients receiving CP suffer from cognitive deficits, a phenomenon termed "chemo-brain". Recently, vildagliptin (Vilda), a DPP-4 inhibitor, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective properties against various neurological diseases. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective properties of Vilda against CP-induced neurotoxicity and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms...

AIM: To compare effectiveness of dapagliflozin versus DPP-4 inhibitors on individualized HbA1c targets and extra-glycaemic endpoints among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: This was a multicentre retrospective study on patients aged 70-80 years with HbA1c above individualized target and starting dapagliflozin or DPP-4 inhibitors in 2015-2017. The primary outcome was the proportion reaching individualized HbA1c targets. Confounding by indication was addressed by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), multivariable adjustment (MVA), or propensity score matching (PSM)...

The microalga Arthrospira platensis BEA 005B was produced using 80 m2 (9 m3 ) raceway photobioreactors achieving a biomass productivity of 28.2 g·m-2 ·day-1 when operating the reactors in semi-continuous mode (0.33 day-1 ). The produced biomass was rich in proteins (58.1 g·100 g-1 ) and carbohydrates (25.6 g·100 g-1 ); the content of phycocyanins and allophycocyanins was 115.4 and 36.9 mg·g-1 , respectively. Ultrasounds and high-pressure homogenisation allowed recovering approximately 90% of the initial protein content of the biomass; however, the energetic requirements of the former (∼100 kJ·kg-1 ) were significantly lower than those of high-pressure homogenisation (∼200 kJ·kg-1 )...