Febrile

Here, we described the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Babesia species found in mono- and double infections among Ixodes ricinus ticks occurring in urban areas of the city of Poznań, Poland. We tested 1029 host-seeking ticks and 1268 engorged ticks removed from pet animals. Borrelia afzelii and B. garinii prevailed both in ticks from vegetation (3.7% and 3.7%, respectively) and from pets (3.7% and 0.6%, respectively). Babesia canis and Ba. microti were the most prevalent in host-seeking (2...

Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with trombiculid mites and is the causative agent of scrub typhus, a life-threatening febrile disease. Strain typing of O. tsutsugamushi is based on its immunodominant surface antigen, 56-kDa type-specific antigen (TSA56). However, TSA56 gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis is only partially congruent with core genome-based phylogenetic analysis. Thus, this study investigated whether concatenated surface antigen sequences, including surface cell antigen (Sca) proteins, can reflect the genome-scale phylogeny of O...

We detected Mayaro virus (MAYV) in 3.4% (28/822) of febrile patients tested during 2018-2021 from Roraima State, Brazil. We also isolated MAYV strains and confirmed that these cases were caused by genotype D. Improved surveillance is needed to better determine the burden of MAYV in the Amazon Region.

Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a mosquitoborne orthobunyavirus in the California serogroup that circulates throughout Canada and the United States. Most JCV exposures result in asymptomatic infection or a mild febrile illness, but JCV can also cause neurologic diseases, such as meningitis and encephalitis. We describe a case series of confirmed JCV-mediated neuroinvasive disease among persons from the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, and Nova Scotia, Canada, during 2011-2016. We highlight the case definitions, epidemiology, unique features and clinical manifestations, disease seasonality, and outcomes for those cases...

BACKGROUND: Low haemoglobin level in children is linked with short-term and long-term consequences including developmental delay. Globally, over half of the children under the age of five years had low haemoglobin concentration. However, there is limited research on the prevalence and determinants of normal haemoglobin concentration among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: To assess determinants of normal haemoglobin concentration among under-five children in SSA...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of epilepsy and febrile seizures and their association with genotype, i.e., 15q11-q13 deletions, uniparental chromosome 15 disomy (UPD) and other mutations, in the population with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). METHODS: A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies estimating the prevalence of seizures, epilepsy and febrile seizures in the PWS population were included. Meta-analyses of the prevalence of epilepsy and febrile seizures and their association with genotype using the prevalence ratio (PR) were performed...

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is a highly accurate biomarker for stratifying the risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) in febrile infants ≤60 days old. However, PCT is unavailable in some settings. We explored the association of leukopenia and neutropenia with IBIs in non-critically ill febrile infants ≤60 days old, with and without PCT. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort consisting of 7407 non-critically ill infants ≤60 days old with temperatures ≥38°C...

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi , is a re-emerging zoonotic disease in the tropics with considerable morbidity and mortality rates. This disease, which is mostly prevalent in rural areas, remains underdiagnosed and underreported because of the low index of suspicion and non-specific clinical presentation. Limited access to healthcare, diagnostics, and treatment in rural settings further makes it challenging to distinguish it from other febrile illnesses. While easily treatable, improper treatment leads to severe forms of the disease and even death...

While pregnancy is a time of relative immunosuppression, infective endocarditis and bacterial meningitis remain rare. We present a case of a pregnant woman with Streptococcus oralis endocarditis and meningitis. This is the first reported case of Streptococcus oralis meningitis in a patient without predisposing risk factors. This case highlights the importance of collecting blood cultures in febrile illness during pregnancy and illustrates that effective management plans can be formulated without performing invasive diagnostic tests such as transesophageal echocardiography...

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics, etiology, and risk factors of bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. This study also aimed to provide a clinical basis for early identification of high-risk patients and optimization of empirical antimicrobial treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of clinical data during agranulocytosis from 331 patients with hematological malignancies who underwent allo-HSCT at our institute between January 2016 and December 2022...

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis presents with highly variable clinical manifestations affecting different organ systems in different individuals. The presentation ranges from an asymptomatic or mild disease to a severe disease associated with multiorgan failure and higher mortality. Leptospirosis is highly underreported due to a lack of diagnostic modalities and less suspicion among clinicians. METHODOLOGY: We present this single-center retrospective case series of 12 cases, which include various common and uncommon scenarios by which the disease can present and can be missed due to lack of suspicion...

Febrile conditions often have an infectious etiology. However, there are also fevers associated with occupational exposures. A detailed occupational history can hold the key to the diagnosis. In the case of exposure to organic dusts, the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is possible. Thus, HP should be considered in the presence of interstitial lung disease of unclear etiology. Failure to recognize this can have dramatic consequences and, in extreme cases, lead to lung transplantation. Differentially, organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) must be considered...

BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza vaccines (SIV) authorized for use in Canada have all undergone rigorous regulatory assessments for safety and effectiveness. Serious adverse events following immunization (AEFI) can occur, though they are rare. Continuous safety surveillance of vaccines during the post-marketing phase is a critical component of vaccination programs. This enables the detection of rare, late onset, or unexpected adverse events. An updated safety summary following the introduction of any new vaccines and/or formulations to immunization programs is necessary for refining the risk-benefit profile of a specific vaccine and maintaining public confidence...

INTRODUCTION: Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in developing tropical and sub-tropical nations are challenging to diagnose due to the numerous causes and non-specific symptoms. The proliferation of rapid diagnostic testing and successful control campaigns against malaria have revealed that non- Plasmodium pathogens still contribute significantly to AFI burden. Thus, a more complete understanding of local trends and potential causes is important for selecting the correct treatment course, which in turn will reduce morbidity and mortality...

BACKGROUND: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common neurological disorder in pediatric age. FS affect 2% to 12% of children and result from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Effective management and unambiguous recommendations are crucial for allocating health care resources efficiently and ensuring cost-effectiveness in treating FS. METHODS: This systematic review compares existing guidelines to provide insights into FS management. Seven guidelines published between 1991 and 2021, from Japan, United Kingdom, United States, Mexico, India, and Italy, were included...

Thyroid storm is a rare but well-known life-threatening complication that occurs due to acute exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis with the increased levels of circulating thyroid hormones. Reports of metabolic encephalopathy associated with thyroid storm are scarce. We describe the case of a 23-year-old male patient with no previous history of abnormal thyroid function who had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol before disease onset. The patient was found unconscious and febrile on a roadside by a passerby and was admitted to our hospital's emergency department...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of psychological distress as well as enhanced responses to psychosocial stress. Recently, it was hypothesized that PCOS patients may be at high risk of novel COVID-19 infections and worse clinical presentations during such infections. Here, we evaluated the effects of PCOS on stress responses to bacterial and viral mimetics using dihydrotestosterone-induced PCOS model rats. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a bacterial mimetic) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly-IC; a viral mimetic) was injected into PCOS model rats (PCOS) and non-PCOS rats (control), and the rats' stress responses were evaluated...

Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant prescribed for depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and to aid in smoking cessation. Bupropion overdose management is largely aimed toward common sequelae, including seizures, tachycardia, and QTc prolongation. In this case report, we identify a rare event of pediatric bupropion overdose with aforementioned common sequela and atypical features, including a delayed presentation of serotonin syndrome and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. This case follows a seven-year-old Caucasian female with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who presented in status epilepticus following an accidental bupropion overdose and required multiple anti-seizure medications, endotracheal intubation, and admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)...

BACKGROUND: Dravet syndrome is an infantile-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) characterized by drug resistance, intractable seizures, and developmental comorbidities. This article focuses on manifestations in two Indonesian children with Javanese ethnicity who experienced Dravet syndrome with an SCN1A gene mutation, presenting genetic analysis findings using next-generation sequencing. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case series involving two Indonesian children with Javanese ethnicity whom had their first febrile seizure at the age of 3 months, triggered after immunization...