mitochondria neutrophil

BACKGROUND: Bacterial pneumonia and related lung injury are among the most frequent causes of mortality in intensive care units, but also inflict serious and prolonged respiratory complications among survivors. Given that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark of sepsis-related alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) dysfunction, we tested if AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) affects recovery from ER stress and apoptosis of AECs during post-bacterial infection. METHODS: In a murine model of lung injury by P...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and immune responses are important factors in the pathogenesis of AD, but their crosstalk in AD has not been studied. In this study, the independent role and interaction of mitochondria-related genes and immune cell infiltration in AD were investigated using bioinformatics methods. METHODS: The datasets of AD were obtained from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the data of mitochondrial genes was from MitoCarta3...

Failure of the lung's endothelial barrier underlies lung injury, which causes the high mortality Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Multiple organ failure predisposes to the mortality, but mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2), a component of the mitochondrial inner membrane, plays a role in the barrier failure. Subsequent lung-liver crosstalk mediated by neutrophil activation causes liver congestion. We intranasally instilled lipopolysaccharide (LPS)...

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria play central roles in metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, how mitochondria regulate NASH progression remains largely unknown. Our previous findings demonstrate that mitochondrial general control of amino acid synthesis 5 like 1 (GCN5L1) is associated with mitochondrial metabolism. Nevertheless, the roles of GCN5L1 in NASH are unclear. AIMS AND METHODS: The GCN5L1 expression was detected in the fatty livers of NASH patients and animals...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), and generated either by NADPH oxidases (e.g., during infections) or mitochondria (e.g., sterile injury) in neutrophils. We recently showed that ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a sterile injury-inducing agent, dose-dependently induced mitochondrial ROS generation, and increasing levels of ROS shifted the neutrophil death from apoptosis to NETosis. Nevertheless, how ROS executes UV-induced NETosis is unknown. In this study, we first confirmed that UV doses used in our experiments generated mitochondrial ROS, and the inhibition of mitochondrial ROS suppressed NETosis (Mitosox, SYTOX, immunocytochemistry, imaging)...

INTRODUCTION: Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can be found everywhere in the environment and can have harmful effects on both human and animal health. Pinostrobin (PSB) is a bioactive natural flavonoid isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda with several pharmacological properties, such as antiinflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antiviral. This investigation was intended to assess the therapeutic potential of PSB against Cd-induced kidney damage in rats. METHODS: In total, 48 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a control, a Cd (5 mg/kg), a Cd + PSB group (5 mg/kg Cd and 10 mg/kg PSB), and a PSB group (10 mg/kg) that received supplementation for 30 days...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of curcumin on renal mitochondrial oxidative stress, nuclear factor-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NF-κB/NLRP3) inflammatory body signaling pathway and tissue cell injury in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: A total of 24 specific pathogen free (SPF)-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, ARDS model group, and low-dose and high-dose curcumin groups, with 6 rats in each group...

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the common hospitalized acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the diagnosis by serum creatinine might not be early enough. Currently, the roles of circulating mitochondria in CI-AKI are still unclear. Since early detection is crucial for treatment, the association between circulating mitochondrial function and CI-AKI was tested as a potential biomarker for detection of CI-AKI. Twenty patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled...

INTRODUCTION: The tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioblastoma (GB) is characterized by an increased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells that attenuate the antitumor immune response. The participation of neutrophils in tumor progression is still controversial and a dual role in the TME has been proposed. In this study, we show that neutrophils are reprogrammed by the tumor to ultimately promote GB progression. METHODS: Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate the existence of bidirectional GB and neutrophil communication, directly promoting an immunosuppressive TME...

Background: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a severe form of acute pancreatitis with the potential to cause life-threatening complications. Patients with acute SAP require surgical intervention and are admitted to the intensive care unit for non-invasive ventilation. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is currently used by intensive care clinicians and anaesthesiologists as an adjunctive sedative. Therefore, the clinical availability of Dex makes it easier to implement in SAP treatment than developing new drugs. Methods: Randomly dividing thirty rats into sham-operated (Sham), SAP, and Dex groups...

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures derived from neutrophils, which typically consist of DNA, released from the nucleus or mitochondria, and decorated with histones and granule proteins. They are well known as an important structure in innate immunity to eliminate pathogenic bacteria, similar to neutrophils. Initially, NETs are reported to take part in the progression of inflammatory diseases; now, they have also been implicated in the progression of sterile inflammation such as autoimmune disease, diabetes, and cancer...

BACKGROUND: Many glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients develop deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary emboli. Cell-free circulating mitochondria increase after brain injury and are associated with coagulopathy. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated whether mitochondria play a role in the GBM-induced hypercoagulable state. PATIENTS/METHODS: We examined the correlation between cell-free circulating mitochondria and venous thrombosis in GBM patients and the impact of mitochondria on venous thrombosis in mice with IVC stenosis...

Advances in knowledge continue to be made regarding biological structures which may be present in blood circulation, such as circulating cell-free DNA, extracellular vesicles, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and activated platelet-derived or circulating cell-free mitochondria. These circulating elements may be of systemic significance, in particular with respect to immunomodulation and cell-to-cell communication. This fact highlights the need to take into consideration the delivery to the host of various biological structures and by-products by means of blood- or blood products transfusion; and to investigate their potential side effects...

DLD is a key gene involved in "cuproptosis," but its roles in tumor progression and immunity remain unclear. Exploring the potential mechanisms and biological roles of DLD may provide new insights for therapeutic strategies for tumors. In the present study, we analyzed the role of DLD in a variety of tumors by using several bioinformatic tools. The results showed that compared with normal tissues, tumor tissues representing multiple cancers showed significant differential expression of DLD. High DLD expression was associated with a good prognosis in BRCA, KICH, and LUAD...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most predominant malignancy in the world. Although the importance of immune system in cancer development has been well established, the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated further. Here we studied a novel protein prokineticin 2 (Prok2, also known as Bv8) as a key pro-tumoral factor in CRC progression in in vitro and ex vivo settings. Human colorectal tumor tissues, myeloid cell lines (U937 cells and HL60 cells) and colorectal cancer cell line (Caco-2 cells) were used for various studies...

In response to spinal surgery, neurons secrete a large amount of substance P into the epidural area. Substance P is involved in macrophage differentiation and fibrotic disease. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of substance P in epidural fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model of L1-L3 laminectomy and found that dorsal root ganglion neurons and the macrophages infiltrating into the wound area released sphingolipids. In vitro experiments revealed that type 1 macrophages secreted substance P, which promoted differentiation of type 1 macrophages towards a type 2 phenotype...

Catalysts have achieved efficacy in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate neuroinflammation, but it ignores the essential fact of blocking the source of ROS regeneration. Here, we report the single-atom catalysts (SACs) Pt/CeO2 , which can effectively catalyze the breakdown of existing ROS and induce mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m ) depolarization by interfering with the α-glycerophosphate shuttle pathway and malate-aspartate shuttle pathway, indirectly triggering the self-clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and thus eradicating the source of ROS generation...

Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in phagocytes, recognizes short N-formylated peptides originating from proteins synthesized by bacteria and mitochondria. Such FPR1 agonists are important regulators of neutrophil functions and by that, determinants of inflammatory reactions. As FPR1 is implicated in promoting both pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving responses associated with inflammatory diseases, characterization of ligands that potently and selectively modulate FPR1 induced functions might be of high relevance...

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and its inflammatory microenvironment can result in discogenic pain, which has been shown to stem from the nucleus pulposus (NP). Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial related genes are strictly connected to cell functionality and, importantly, it can regulate cell immune activity in response to damaged associated signals. Therefore, identification of mitochondria related genes might offer new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for IVD degeneration. In this study, we identified key genes involved in NP tissue immune cell infiltration during IVD degeneration by bioinformatic analysis...

Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) are the main targets of the autoimmune reactivity in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This study aimed to investigate the core proteomic differences between SS and Control- (Ct) -derived SGEC. Proteome analysis of cultured SGEC from five SS patients and four Ct was performed in a label-free quantitation format (LFQ). Electron microscopy was applied for analysis of the mitochondrial ultrastructure of SGEC in minor salivary gland sections from six SS patients and four Ct. Four hundred seventy-four proteins were identified differentially abundant in SS- compared to Ct-SGEC...