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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eden Zhang, Daniel Wilkins, Sally Crane, Devan S Chelliah, Josie van Dorst, Kris Abdullah, Dana Z Tribbia, Greg Hince, Tim Spedding, Belinda Ferrari
Hydrocarbon contaminated soils resulting from human activities pose a risk to the natural environment, including in the Arctic and Antarctic. Engineered biopiles constructed at Casey Station, Antarctica, have proven to be an effective strategy for remediating hydrocarbon contaminated soils, with active ex-situ remediation resulting in significant reductions in hydrocarbons, even in the extreme Antarctic climate. However, the use of urea-based fertilisers, whilst providing a nitrogen source for bioremediation, has also altered the natural soil chemistry leading to increases in pH, ammonium and nitrite...
March 13, 2024: Chemosphere
#2
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Gideon M Hirschfield, Christopher L Bowlus, Marlyn J Mayo, Andreas E Kremer, John M Vierling, Kris V Kowdley, Cynthia Levy, Alejandra Villamil, Alma L Ladrón de Guevara Cetina, Ewa Janczewska, Ehud Zigmond, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Yusuf Yilmaz, Yiannis Kallis, Christophe Corpechot, Peter Buggisch, Pietro Invernizzi, Maria Carlota Londoño Hurtado, Sandrin Bergheanu, Ke Yang, Yun-Jung Choi, Daria B Crittenden, Charles A McWherter
BACKGROUND: Effective treatments for patients with primary biliary cholangitis are limited. Seladelpar, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist, has potential benefits. METHODS: In this phase 3, 12-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned (in a 2:1 ratio) patients who had had an inadequate response to or who had a history of unacceptable side effects with ursodeoxycholic acid to receive oral seladelpar at a dose of 10 mg daily or placebo...
February 29, 2024: New England Journal of Medicine
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Terrence M Riley, Penny M Kris-Etherton, Tricia L Hart, Kristina S Petersen
BACKGROUND: Nut intake is associated with better glycemic control and lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It remains unclear if nut intake timing affects glycemic control and CVD risk factors. Intake of pistachios as a nighttime snack may attenuate morning glucose production and lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG). OBJECTIVES: We assessed the effects of a nighttime (after dinner and before bedtime) pistachio snack (57 g/d) on glycemic control markers, vascular health, lipids/lipoproteins, and diet quality versus education to consume 1-2 carbohydrate (CHO) exchanges (usual care) in individuals with prediabetes...
January 24, 2024: Journal of Nutrition
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tommy Cederholm, Gordon L Jensen, Maria D Ballesteros-Pomar, Renee Blaauw, M Isabel T D Correia, Cristina Cuerda, David C Evans, Ryoji Fukushima, Juan Bernardo Ochoa Gautier, M Cristina Gonzalez, Andre van Gossum, Leah Gramlich, Joseph Hartono, Steven B Heymsfield, Harriët Jager-Wittenaar, Renuka Jayatissa, Heather Keller, Ainsley Malone, William Manzanares, M Molly McMahon, Yolanda Mendez, Kris M Mogensen, Naoharu Mori, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Guillermo Contreras Nogales, Ibolya Nyulasi, Wendy Phillips, Matthias Pirlich, Veeradej Pisprasert, Elisabet Rothenberg, Marian de van der Schueren, Han Ping Shi, Alison Steiber, Marion F Winkler, Rocco Barazzoni, Charlene Compher
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) approach to malnutrition diagnosis is based on assessment of three phenotypic (weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced skeletal muscle mass) and two etiologic (reduced food intake/assimilation and disease burden/inflammation) criteria, with diagnosis confirmed by fulfillment of any combination of at least one phenotypic and at least one etiologic criterion. The original GLIM description provided limited guidance regarding assessment of inflammation and this has been a factor impeding further implementation of the GLIM criteria...
November 29, 2023: Clinical Nutrition
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sophie Vanhaesebrouck, Alexandra Zecic, Linde Goossens, Annelies Keymeulen, Lara Garabedian, Julie De Meulemeester, Pauline Naessens, Kris De Coen, Koenraad Smets
OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in mortality and morbidity rates of very low birth weight infants as well as their pre-, peri- and postnatal characteristics over a period of 20 years' time. METHODS: Retrospective study in all very low birth weight infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the University Hospitals Ghent from 1 January 2000, to 31 December 2020. Mortality was the primary outcome variable with major morbidities being co-primary outcome variables...
December 2023: Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tina Bharani, Kris M Mogensen, Jordan H Rosen, Kathleen M Gura, Malcolm K Robinson
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) prevent the breakdown of tyramine in the body, and can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure with significant tyramine build up. This phenomenon, when it occurs, is known as tyramine pressor response. It is unknown if tyrosine administered in parenteral nutrition (PN) leads to tyramine build-up with concomitant use of MAOIs. It is also unknown if PN patients who are taking MAOI are at risk for the tyramine pressor response. This is a theoretical possibility as tyrosine endogenously undergoes decarboxylation to produce tyramine...
December 7, 2023: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hassan S Dashti, Aaron Leong, Kris M Mogensen, Meghana Annambhotla, Peng Li, Hao Deng, Alexandra N Carey, David L Burns, Marion F Winkler, Charlene Compher, Richa Saxena
BACKGROUND: Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) dependent on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) commonly cycle infusions overnight, likely contributing to circadian misalignment and sleep disruption. METHODS: The objective of this quasi-experimental, single-arm, controlled, pilot trial was to examine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of daytime infusions of HPN in adults with SBS without diabetes. Enrolled patients were fitted with a continuous glucose monitor and wrist actigraph and were instructed to cycle their infusions overnight for 1 wk, followed by daytime for another week...
February 2024: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erik K R Hanko, Kris Niño G Valdehuesa, Koen J A Verhagen, Jakub Chromy, Ruth A Stoney, Jeremy Chua, Cunyu Yan, Johannes A Roubos, Joep Schmitz, Rainer Breitling
BACKGROUND: (Hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols and allylphenols, including coniferyl alcohol and eugenol, are naturally occurring aromatic compounds widely utilised in pharmaceuticals, flavours, and fragrances. Traditionally, the heterologous biosynthesis of (hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols from (hydroxy)cinnamic acids involved CoA-dependent activation of the substrate. However, a recently explored alternative pathway involving carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) has proven efficient in generating the (hydroxy)cinnamyl aldehyde intermediate without the need for CoA activation...
November 18, 2023: Microbial Cell Factories
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jorge J Castillo, Andrew R Branagan, David Sermer, Catherine Flynn, Kirsten E Meid, Megan Little, Katherine Stockman, Timothy P White, Alexa G Canning, Maria Luisa Guerrera, Amanda Kofides, Shirong Liu, Xia Liu, Kris Richardson, Nicholas Tsakmaklis, Christopher J Patterson, Zachary R Hunter, Steven P Treon, Shayna Sarosiek
Concurrent BTK and BCL2 inhibition has not been investigated in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. We performed an investigator-initiated trial of ibrutinib and venetoclax in symptomatic, treatment-naive patients with MYD88-mutated WM. Patients received ibrutinib 420 mg once daily (cycle 1), followed by a ramp-up of venetoclax to 400 mg daily (cycle 2). The combination was then administered for 22 additional four-week cycles. Attainment of VGPR was the primary endpoint. Forty-five patients were enrolled. Median baseline characteristics were age 67 years, serum IgM 43 g/L, and hemoglobin 102 g/L...
October 27, 2023: Blood
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kris V Kowdley, Christopher L Bowlus, Cynthia Levy, Ulus S Akarca, Mario Reis Alvares-da-Silva, Pietro Andreone, Marco Arrese, Christophe Corpechot, Sven M Francque, Michael A Heneghan, Pietro Invernizzi, David Jones, Frederik C Kruger, Eric Lawitz, Marlyn J Mayo, Mitchell L Shiffman, Mark G Swain, José Miguel Valera, Victor Vargas, John M Vierling, Alejandra Villamil, Carol Addy, Julie Dietrich, Jean-Michel Germain, Sarah Mazain, Dragutin Rafailovic, Bachirou Taddé, Benjamin Miller, Jianfen Shu, Claudia O Zein, Jörn M Schattenberg
BACKGROUND: Primary biliary cholangitis is a rare, chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by the destruction of interlobular bile ducts, leading to cholestasis and liver fibrosis. Whether elafibranor, an oral, dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and δ agonist, may have benefit as a treatment for primary biliary cholangitis is unknown. METHODS: In this multinational, phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned (in a 2:1 ratio) patients with primary biliary cholangitis who had had an inadequate response to or unacceptable side effects with ursodeoxycholic acid to receive once-daily elafibranor, at a dose of 80 mg, or placebo...
November 13, 2023: New England Journal of Medicine
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew Yiakoumetti, Erik K R Hanko, Yutong Zou, Jeremy Chua, Jakub Chromy, Ruth A Stoney, Kris Niño G Valdehuesa, Jack A Connolly, Cunyu Yan, Katherine A Hollywood, Eriko Takano, Rainer Breitling
Flavones and flavonols are important classes of flavonoids with nutraceutical and pharmacological value, and their production by fermentation with recombinant microorganisms promises to be a scalable and economically favorable alternative to extraction from plant sources. Flavones and flavonols have been produced recombinantly in a number of microorganisms, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae typically being a preferred production host for these compounds due to higher yields and titers of precursor compounds, as well as generally improved ability to functionally express cytochrome P450 enzymes without requiring modification to improve their solubility...
2023: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naadirah Moola, Anwar Jardine, Kris Audenaert, Mohamed Suhail Rafudeen
6-deoxy-6-amino chitosan (aminochitosan) is a water-soluble chitosan derivative with an additional amine group at the C-6 position. This modification has improved aqueous solubility, in vitro antifungal activity and is hypothesized to have enhanced in vivo antifungal activity compared to native chitosan. Gray mold disease in tomatoes is caused by the fungus, Botrytis cinerea , and poses a severe threat both pre- and post-harvest. To investigate the optimal concentration of aminochitosan and its lower molecular weight fractions for antifungal and priming properties in the tomato/ B...
2023: Frontiers in Plant Science
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kris V Kowdley, Nishit B Modi, Kevork Peltekian, John M Vierling, Christopher Ferris, Frank H Valone, Suneel Gupta
BACKGROUND: Hereditary haemochromatosis protein (HFE)-related haemochromatosis, an inherited iron overload disorder caused by insufficient hepcidin production, results in excessive iron absorption and tissue and organ injury, and is treated with first-line therapeutic phlebotomy. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of rusfertide, a peptidic mimetic of hepcidin, in patients with HFE-related haemochromatosis. METHODS: This open-label, multicentre, proof-of-concept phase 2 trial was done across nine academic and community centres in the USA and Canada...
October 17, 2023: Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Behnam Sadeghirad, Benjamin T Dodsworth, Nayeli Schmutz Gelsomino, Nicolai Goettel, Jessica Spence, Tayler A Buchan, Holly N Crandon, Mohammad R Baneshi, Robert A Pol, Baukje Brattinga, Ui Jun Park, Masanori Terashima, Louise B D Banning, Barbara L Van Leeuwen, Bjørn E Neerland, Alwin Chuan, Felipe T Martinez, Jeroen L A Van Vugt, Y Raja Rampersaud, Shingo Hatakeyama, Enrico Di Stasio, Koen Milisen, Bastiaan Van Grootven, Lijckle van der Laan, Linda Thomson Mangnall, Sarah J Goodlin, Diana Lungeanu, Kris Denhaerynck, Vibhawari Dhakharia, Elizabeth L Sampson, Michael G Zywiel, Lisa Falco, Anna-Lisa V Nguyen, Stephana J Moss, Karla D Krewulak, Natalia Jaworska, Kara Plotnikoff, Supun Kotteduwa-Jayawarden, Ryan Sandarage, Jason W Busse, Lawrence Mbuagbaw
IMPORTANCE: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious complication after surgery. Various predisposing factors are associated with POD, but their magnitude and importance using an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis have not been assessed. OBJECTIVE: To identify perioperative factors associated with POD and assess their relative prognostic value among adults undergoing noncardiac surgery. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL from inception to May 2020...
October 2, 2023: JAMA Network Open
#15
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Stephen A Harrison, Vlad Ratziu, Quentin M Anstee, Mazen Noureddin, Arun J Sanyal, Jörn M Schattenberg, Pierre Bedossa, Mustafa R Bashir, David Schneider, Rebecca Taub, Meena Bansal, Kris V Kowdley, Zobair M Younossi, Rohit Loomba
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with steatosis, hepatocellular injury, inflammation and fibrosis. In a Phase 2 trial in adults with NASH (NCT02912260), resmetirom, an orally administered, liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor-β selective agonist, significantly reduced hepatic fat (via imaging) and resolved NASH without worsening fibrosis (via liver biopsy) in a significant number of patients compared with placebo...
January 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary E Rinella, Hsiao D Lieu, Kris V Kowdley, Zachary D Goodman, Naim Alkhouri, Eric Lawitz, Vlad Ratziu, Manal F Abdelmalek, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Ziad H Younes, Aasim M Sheikh, Donald Brannan, Bradley Freilich, Fernando Membreno, Marie Sinclair, Liza Melchor-Khan, Arun J Sanyal, Lei Ling, Stephen A Harrison
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Aldafermin, an engineered analog of the human hormone FGF19, improves liver histology in patients with non-cirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, its efficacy and safety in compensated cirrhosis is unknown. No drug has yet to demonstrate benefit in the compensated NASH population. APPROACH AND RESULTS: In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial, 160 patients with compensated NASH cirrhosis were randomized to aldafermin 0...
September 21, 2023: Hepatology: Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tricia L Hart, Kristina S Petersen, Penny M Kris-Etherton
CONTEXT: Cottonseed oil (CSO) is higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than many liquid plant oils. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining effects of CSO on markers of lipid metabolism and evaluate lipid and lipoprotein effects of incorporating CSO into a healthy dietary pattern using regression equations. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search was conducted for RCTs comparing CSO with a non-CSO comparator in any population...
September 11, 2023: Nutrition Reviews
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arun J Sanyal, Vlad Ratziu, Rohit Loomba, Quentin M Anstee, Kris V Kowdley, Mary E Rinella, Muhammad Y Sheikh, James F Trotter, Whitfield Knapple, Eric J Lawitz, Manal F Abdelmalek, Philip N Newsome, Jérôme Boursier, Philippe Mathurin, Jean-François Dufour, M Michelle Berrey, Steven J Shiff, Sangeeta Sawhney, Thomas Capozza, Rina Leyva, Stephen A Harrison, Zobair M Younossi
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a first-in-class farnesoid X receptor agonist and antifibrotic agent in development for the treatment of pre-cirrhotic liver fibrosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to validate the original 18-month liver biopsy analysis from the phase III REGENERATE trial of OCA for the treatment of NASH with a consensus panel analysis, provide additional histology data in a larger population, and evaluate safety from >8,000 total patient-years' exposure with nearly 1,000 participants receiving study drug for >4 years...
November 2023: Journal of Hepatology
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas D Nguyen, Nicholas M Smith, Kris Attwood, Aijaz Gundroo, Shirley Chang, Mahfuz Yonis, Brian Murray, Kathleen M Tornatore
INTRODUCTION: Tacrolimus exhibits large pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of troughs as a surrogate for area under the concentration-time curve from 0-12 hours (AUC0-12 ). Tacrolimus troughs do not consistently predict AUC0-12 , but PK models may better individualize exposures in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The objective was to compare tacrolimus AUC0-12 determined by Non-Compartmental Analysis (NCA) using intensive sampling to Maximum a Posteriori-Bayesian (MAP-Bayesian) estimates from robust (n = 9 samples/subject) and sparse (n = 2 samples/subject) sampling in 67 stable KTRs and a validation group of similar patients...
July 15, 2023: Pharmacotherapy
#20
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Gideon M Hirschfield, Mitchell L Shiffman, Aliya Gulamhusein, Kris V Kowdley, John M Vierling, Cynthia Levy, Andreas E Kremer, Ehud Zigmond, Pietro Andreone, Stuart C Gordon, Christopher L Bowlus, Eric J Lawitz, Richard J Aspinall, Daniel S Pratt, Karina Raikhelson, Maria S Gonzalez-Huezo, Michael A Heneghan, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Alma L Ladrón de Guevara, Marlyn J Mayo, George N Dalekos, Joost P H Drenth, Ewa Janczewska, Barbara A Leggett, Frederik Nevens, Victor Vargas, Eli Zuckerman, Christophe Corpechot, Eduardo Fassio, Holger Hinrichsen, Pietro Invernizzi, Palak J Trivedi, Lisa Forman, David E J Jones, Stephen D Ryder, Mark G Swain, Alexandra Steinberg, Pol F Boudes, Yun-Jung Choi, Charles A McWherter
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: ENHANCE was a phase 3 study that evaluated efficacy and safety of seladelpar, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPAR) agonist, versus placebo in patients with primary biliary cholangitis with inadequate response or intolerance to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). APPROACH AND RESULTS: Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to oral seladelpar 5 mg (n=89), 10 mg (n=89), placebo (n=87) daily (with UDCA, as appropriate)...
August 1, 2023: Hepatology: Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
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