epithelium

BACKGROUND: The current understanding to the mechanism of rumen development is limited. We hypothesized that the Hippo signaling pathway controlled the proliferation of rumen epithelium (RE) during postnatal development. In the present study, we firstly tested the changes of the Hippo signaling pathway in the RE during an early growing period from d5 to d25, and then we expanded the time range to the whole preweaning period (d10-38) and one week post weaning (d45). An in vitro experiment was also carried out to verify the function of Hippo signaling pathway during RE cell proliferation...

BACKGROUND: Antiresorptive therapy (AR) disrupts osseous homeostasis and can induce direct irritation over the gastrointestinal mucosa; however, its possible erosive effects on the oral epithelium have not been totally described. Among the most frequent oral erosive lesions, oral lichen planus (OLP) frequently presents as painful mucosal ulcerations, arising from basal membrane inflammatory damage. Thus, the aim of this retrospective study was to describe the association between AR and the incidence of OLP...

Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), a powerful tool for studying the tumor microenvironment (TME), does not preserve/provide spatial information on tissue morphology and cellular interactions. To understand the crosstalk between diverse cellular components in proximity in the TME, we performed scRNA-seq coupled with spatial transcriptomic (ST) assay to profile 41,700 cells from three colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor-normal-blood pairs. Standalone scRNA-seq analyses revealed eight major cell populations, including B cells, T cells, Monocytes, NK cells, Epithelial cells, Fibroblasts, Mast cells, Endothelial cells...

Due to the problems associated with the use of PRP, a platelet concentrates without coagulation factors, called platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), has been developed that, in addition to tissue regeneration and wound healing, contains more white blood cells (WBCs), which are important in the wound healing process. In this study, the effect of these two platelet-rich plasmas on the thickness of the epithelium, the number of blood vessels and fibroblasts, and wound area were measured in two groups of PRP and PRF and at different periods...

Stem cells are recognized as an important target and tool in regenerative engineering. In this study, we explored the feasibility of engineering amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cell-secreted molecules (afMSC-SMs) as a versatile bioactive material for skin regenerative medicine applications in a time- and cost-efficient and straightforward manner. afMSC-SMs, obtained in powder form through ethanol precipitation, effectively contributed to preserving the self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential of primary human keratinocytes (pKCs) in a xeno-free environment, offering a potential alternative to traditional culture methods for their long-term in vitro expansion, and allowed them to reconstitute a fully stratified epithelium sheet on human dermal fibroblasts...

Pyrethroid insecticides, such as beta-cyfluthrin, are used extensively globally, including in households and agriculture, and have been detected in the milk and urine of humans and cattle. Beta-cyfluthrin exhibits toxic effects, including neurotoxicity and male reproductive toxicity; however, few studies have investigated female reproductive toxicity despite its wide environmental distribution. The present study investigates effects of beta-cyfluthrin on implantation in porcine cells (pTr from the trophectoderm and pLE from the endometrial luminal epithelium)...

Keratins are intermediate filament proteins in epithelial cells, and they are important for cytoskeletal organization. Keratin 6A (KRT6A), classified as a type II keratin, is normally expressed in stratified squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinomas. Little is known about the expression and role of KRT6A in adenocarcinomas. We investigated the clinicopathological and molecular biological significance of KRT6A in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Immunostaining of our institution's colorectal adenocarcinoma cases demonstrated that KRT6A showed significantly stronger expression at the invasive front than the tumor center (p < 0...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly, which is primarily attributed to oxidative stress-induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) were considered to be one of the most promising stem cells for clinical application due to their low immunogenicity, tissue repair ability, pluripotent potential and potent paracrine effects. The conditional medium (hAMSC-CM) and exosomes (hAMSC-exo) derived from hAMSC, as mediators of intercellular communication, play an important role in the treatment of retinal diseases, but their effect and mechanism on oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration are not explored...

BACKGROUD: To investigate the safety of repetitive low-level red-light therapy (RLRLT) in children with myopia. METHODS: Children with myopia were assigned to the RLRL and control groups. Axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were followed up at 3-, 6-, and 12-month. To evaluate the safety of RLRLT, at 6 and 12 months in the RLRL group, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and contrast sensitivity were recorded. Furthermore, optical coherence tomography was used to measure the relative reflectance of the ellipsoid zone (rEZR), photoreceptor outer segment (rPOSR), and retinal pigment epithelium (rRPER)...

Colonic motility plays a vital role in maintaining proper digestive function. The rhythmic contractions and relaxations facilitate various types of motor functions that generate both propulsive and non-propulsive motility modes which in turn generate shear stresses on the epithelial surface. However, the interplay between colonic mucus, shear stress, and epithelium remains poorly characterized. Here, we present a colonic computational model that describes the potential roles of mucus and shear stress in both homeostasis and ulcerative colitis (UC)...

The objective of this study to examine the effects of curcumin and gallic acid use against oxidative stress damage in the autologous intraperitoneal ovarian transplantation model created in rats on ovarian follicle reserve, ovarian surface epithelium, and oxidant-antioxidant systems. 42 adult female Sprague Dawley rats (n=7) were allocated into 6 groups. Group 1 served as the control. In Group 2, rats underwent ovarian transplantation (TR) to their peritoneal walls. Group 3 received corn oil (CO) (0.5 ml/day) one day before and 14 days after transplantation...

Endosalpingiosis (ES) and endometriosis (EM) refer to the growth of tubal and endometrial epithelium respectively, outside of their site of origin. We hypothesize that uterine secretome factors drive ectopic growth. To test this, we developed a mouse model of ES and EM using tdTomato (tdT) transgenic fluorescent mice as donors. To block implantation factors, progesterone knockout (PKO) tdT mice were created. Fluorescent lesions were present after oviduct implantation with and without WT endometrium. Implantation was increased (p<0...

BACKGROUND: Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPECs) are a type of retinal cells that structurally and physiologically support photoreceptors. However, hyperglycemia has been shown to play a critical role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is one of the leading causes of vision impairment. In the diabetic eye, the high glucose environment damages RPECs via the induction of oxidative stress, leading to the release of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggering apoptosis...

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal disease in which there is a loss of cone-mediated daylight vision. As there are >100 disease genes, our goal is to preserve cone vision in a disease gene-agnostic manner. Previously we showed that overexpressing TXNIP, an α-arrestin protein, prolonged cone vision in RP mouse models, using an AAV to express it only in cones. Here, we expressed different alleles of Txnip in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), a support layer for cones. Our goal was to learn more of TXNIP's structure-function relationships for cone survival, as well as determine the optimal cell type expression pattern for cone survival...

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have become ubiquitous contaminants of water and foods, resulting in high levels of human ingestion exposure. MNPs have been found in human blood and multiple tissues, suggesting that they are readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and widely distributed. Growing toxicological evidence suggests that ingested MNPs may pose a serious health threat. The potential genotoxicity of MNPs, however, remains largely unknown. In this study, genotoxicity of primary and environmentally relevant secondary MNPs was assessed in a triculture small intestinal epithelium (SIE) model using the CometChip assay...

IL-36 cytokines are emerging as beneficial in immunity against pathogens and cancers but can also be detrimental when dysregulated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions. Interest in targeting IL-36 activity for therapeutic purposes is rapidly growing, yet many unknowns about the functions of these cytokines remain. Thus, the availability of robust research tools is essential for both fundamental basic science and pre-clinical studies to fully access outcomes of any manipulation of the system. For this purpose, a floxed Il1rl2 , the gene encoding the IL-36 receptor, mouse strain was developed to facilitate the generation of conditional knockout mice...

Stem cells (SCs) undergo asymmetric division, producing transit-amplifying cells (TACs) with increased proliferative potential that move into tissues and ultimately differentiate into a specialized cell type. Thus, TACs represent an intermediary state between stem cells and differentiated cells. In the cornea, a population of stem cells resides in the limbal region, named the limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs). As LESCs proliferate, they generate TACs that move centripetally into the cornea and differentiate into corneal epithelial cells...

In mammals, hearing loss is irreversible due to the lack of the regenerative capacity of the auditory epithelium. However, stem/progenitor cells in mammalian cochleae may be a therapeutic target for hearing regeneration. The ubiquitin proteasome system plays an important role in cochlear development and maintenance. In this study, we investigated the role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) in the process of the transdifferentiation of auditory supporting cells (SCs) into hair cells (HCs). The expression of UCHL1 gradually decreased as HCs developed and was restricted to inner pillar cells and third-row Deiters' cells between P2 and P7, suggesting that UCHL1-expressing cells are similar to the cells with Lgr5-positive progenitors...

Cell replacement therapy is under development for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A thin membrane resembling the Bruch's membrane is required to form a cell-on-membrane construct with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. These cells have been differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro. A carrier membrane is required for cell implantation, which is biocompatible for cell growth and has dimensions and physical properties resembling the Bruch's membrane. Here a nanofiber electrospun poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) membrane is tested for capacity to support cell growth and maturation...

Several types of cytotoxic insults disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, cause ER stress, and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The role of ER stress and UPR activation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) has not been described. HP is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease that develops following repeated inhalation of various antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the lung expression and localization of the key effectors of the UPR, BiP/GRP78, CHOP, and sXBP1 in HP patients compared with control subjects...