Ciclosporin or cyclosporine, dog or canine

Suppression of immune functions can be elicited by behavioural conditioning using drugs such as cyclosporin A or rapamycin. Nevertheless, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and generalisability of this phenomenon. Against this background, the present study investigated whether the pharmacological properties of fingolimod (FTY720), an immunosuppressive drug widely applied to treat multiple sclerosis, can be conditioned in rats by means of taste-immune associative learning. For this purpose, a conditioned taste avoidance paradigm was used, pairing the presentation of a novel sweet drinking solution (saccharin or sucrose) as conditioned stimulus (CS) with therapeutically effective doses of FTY720 as unconditioned stimulus (US)...

In the early 2000s, the global emergence of rotavirus (RVA) G12P[8] genotype was noted, while G12P[6] and G12P[9] combinations remained rare in humans. This study aimed to characterize and phylogenetically analyze three Brazilian G12P[9] and four G12P[6] RVA strains from 2011 to 2020, through RT-PCR and sequencing, in order to enhance our understanding of the genetic relationship between human and animal-origin RVA strains. G12P[6] strains displayed a DS-1-like backbone, showing a distinct genetic clustering...

Ozone therapy acts in the body inducing controlled oxidative stress, thereby improving the antioxidant, immune and circulatory responses. However, very little is known about how this therapy affects oxidative stress indicators in dogs. We aimed to assess the clinical, hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of healthy dogs subjected to ozone therapy and oxygen therapy by rectal insufflation. Ten healthy dogs were allocated into three experimental groups in a cross-over design: control, without intervention; ozone, which received 100 µg of O3 /kg through rectal insufflation; and oxygen, which received an ozone-equivalent volume of medicinal O2 through rectal insufflation...

A number of methods are currently used to predict the optimal date of insemination of the breeding bitch, particularly with the use of frozen-thawed canine semen which has a far shorter lifespan than fresh semen. Aside from confirming cytological oestrus, vaginal cytology is of no assistance in predicting the most fertile day(s) in a bitch; however, a neglected avenue of research suggests that vaginal cytology may be of great importance in confirming the days of optimal fertility retrospectively. Similarly, vaginoscopy provides clues as to the stage of a bitch's cycle but is inadequate as a sole determinant of her most fertile days...

The influenza A virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which is crucial for viral replication and immune evasion, has been identified as a significant drug target with substantial potential to contribute to the fight against influenza. The emergence of drug-resistant influenza A virus strains highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutics. This study proposes a combined theoretical criterion for the virtual screening of molecular libraries to identify candidate NS1 inhibitors. By applying the criterion to the ZINC Natural Product database, followed by ligand-based virtual screening and molecular docking, we proposed the most promising candidate as a potential NS1 inhibitor...

Treating female canine mammary gland tumors is crucial owing to their propensity for rapid progression and metastasis, significantly impacting the overall health and well-being of dogs. Mitoquinone (MitoQ), an antioxidant, has shown promise in inhibiting the migration, invasion, and clonogenicity of human breast cancer cells. Thus, we investigated MitoQ's potential anticancer properties against canine mammary gland tumor cells, CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg. MitoQ markedly suppressed the proliferation and migration of both CMT-U27 and CF41...

The reunion and restoration of large segmental bone defects pose significant clinical challenges. Conventional strategies primarily involve the combination of bone scaffolds with seeded cells and/or growth factors to regulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, these therapies face inherent issues related to immunogenicity, tumorigenesis, bioactivity, and off-the-shelf transplantation. The biogenic micro-environment created by implanted bone grafts plays a crucial role in initiating the bone regeneration cascade...

In contrast to cats and dogs, here we report that the α2 -adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine is emetic and corresponding agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine behave as antiemetics in the least shrew model of vomiting. Yohimbine (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) caused vomiting in shrews in a bell-shaped and dose-dependent manner, with a maximum frequency (0.85 ± 0.22) at 1 mg/kg, which was accompanied by a key central contribution as indicated by increased expression of c- fos , serotonin and substance P release in the shrew brainstem emetic nuclei...

In our research, we explored a natural substance called Oxymatrine, found in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, to fight against a common bird flu virus known as H9N2. This virus not only affects birds but can also pose a threat to human health. We focused on how this natural compound can help in stopping the virus from spreading in cells that line the lungs of birds and potentially humans. Our findings show that Oxymatrine can both directly block the virus and boost the body's immune response against it...

As a powerful imidazole antifungal drug, ketoconazole's low solubility (0.017 mg/mL), together with its odor and irritation, limited its clinical applications. The inclusion complex of ketoconazole with randomly methylated β -cyclodextrin was prepared by using an aqueous solution method after cyclodextrin selection through phase solubility studies, complexation methods, and condition selection through single factor and orthogonal strategies. The complex was confirmed by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), SEM (scanning electron microscope images), and NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) studies...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of recovery from general anesthesia with the administration of two low doses of dexmedetomidine in canine patients. For this blind randomized clinical trial study, 30 dogs undergoing general anesthesia for diagnostic procedures or elective surgery (ovariectomy/castration) were included. The patients were randomly divided into three groups, and at the end of anesthesia, they received a bolus of dexmedetomidine at 1 mcg/kg IV (D1), or a bolus of dexmedetomidine at 0...

This study compared the effects of butorphanol-medetomidine and butorphanol-dexmedetomidine combinations on echocardiographic parameters during propofol anaesthesia in dogs. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups. In the butorphanol-medetomidine (BM) group, butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and medetomidine (15 μg/kg) were intravenously administered; in the butorphanol-dexmedetomidine (BD) group, butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (7.5 μg/kg) was used. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with a constant-rate infusion of propofol (0...

This research examines the ways people acquire dogs in the US as well as the ways the dogs leave the household and the way these differ by income level in seven geographically diverse study communities. A web-based panel survey was distributed and received 6318 responses. Individuals were asked a series of demographic and socioeconomic questions as well as how they acquired their current dogs, how previous dogs left their household, and where they left to. The results indicate that the likelihood of acquiring a dog through friends and family decreased monotonically as income increased, while the opposite was observed for adopting and purchasing a dog...

The aim of this study was to analyse the bite forces of seven species from three carnivore families: Canidae, Felidae, and Ursidae. The material consisted of complete, dry crania and mandibles. A total of 33 measurements were taken on each skull, mandible, temporomandibular joint, and teeth. The area of the temporalis and masseter muscles was calculated, as was the length of the arms of the forces acting on them. Based on the results, the bite force was calculated using a mathematical lever model. This study compared the estimated areas of the masticatory muscles and the bending strength of the upper canines among seven species...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a very promising alternative tool in cell therapies and regenerative medicine due to their ease of obtaining from various tissues and their ability to differentiate into different cell types. This manuscript provides a review of current knowledge on the use of MSC-based therapies as an alternative for certain common pathologies in dogs and cats where conventional treatments are ineffective. The aim of this review is to assist clinical veterinarians in making decisions about the suitability of each protocol from a clinical perspective, rather than focusing solely on research...

Stanozolol shows promise as an anabolic and anti-catabolic agent for treating degenerative joint disease (DJD). This study assessed the clinical efficacy of a single intra-articular stanozolol injection in canine knees with DJD and its correlation with serum IL-1β levels. Thirty dogs (n = 30) were divided into a control group (CG, n = 10) and a study group (SG, n = 20) with DJD. Pain levels were assessed using the Brown query, and radiographs were taken at T0 and T3. IL-1β levels were quantified via ELISA...

Oxidative stress (OS) is caused by an imbalance between the production of oxygen-containing free radicals and their elimination. General anesthesia increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and therefore causes oxidative stress. Our objective was to determine the effects of medetomidine-butorphanol (MEDBUT) and medetomidine-buprenorphine (MEDBUP) on oxidative stress and cardiorespiratory parameters in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Ten healthy female dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: the MEDBUT group ( n = 5) received medetomidine and butorphanol, while the MEDBUP group ( n = 5) received medetomidine and buprenorphine...

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two anesthetic agents, alfaxalone and propofol, on maternal physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, and temperature) on either ovariohysterectomies or cesarean sections in bitches. A total of 34 healthy and pyometra-affected females (classified as ASA II), were induced with IV propofol (4 mg/kg), while 35 females, both healthy and pyometra affected, were induced with IV alfaxalone (1 mg/kg). For cesarean sections, females (ASA II) were induced with propofol ( n = 14) or alfaxalone ( n = 14)...

Due to the previously limited intra-articular diagnostic possibilities of the canine temporomandibular joint, an examination protocol for the canine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was developed and tested in this study using a needle arthroscope. In total, the discotemporal (DTJ) and discomandibular (DMJ) joint compartments of 32 animals (64 TMJs) were examined arthroscopically. During the examinations, 15 anatomical landmarks per joint side were evaluated in regard to their visibility and accessibility. All arthroscopies were performed by the same examiner and the same assistant to ensure standard methods were applied...

Teeth grinding in suckling piglets is performed on many farms to protect the piglets' littermates and the sow's udder from injuries caused by the piglets' canines and third incisors. In this study, the effects of two teeth-grinding methods on the piglets' dental health and welfare were investigated. The piglets of a litter were evenly assigned to a treatment: one-third of littermates were ground with a roller grinding head (RG), one-third with a teacup grinding head (TCG), and one-third were not ground at all (CG)...