Raman spectroscopy AND clinical application

Cancer is globally a leading cause of death that would benefit from diagnostic approaches detecting it in its early stages. However, despite much research and investment, cancer early diagnosis is still underdeveloped. Owing to its high sensitivity, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based detection of biomarkers has attracted growing interest in this area. Oligonucleotides are an important type of genetic biomarkers as their alterations can be linked to the disease prior to symptom onset. We propose a machine-learning (ML)-enabled framework to analyze complex direct SERS spectra of short, single-stranded DNA and RNA targets to identify relevant mutations occurring in genetic biomarkers, which are key disease indicators...

In recent times, tear fluid analysis has garnered considerable attention in the field of biomarker- based diagnostics due to its noninvasive sample collection method. Tears encompass a reservoir of biomarkers that assist in diagnosing not only ocular disorders but also a diverse list of systemic diseases. This highlights the necessity for sensitive and dependable screening methods to employ tear fluid as a potential noninvasive diagnostic specimen in clinical environments. Considerable research has been conducted to investigate the potential of Raman spectroscopy-based investigations for tear analysis in various diagnostic applications...

To date, studies assessing the safety profile of 3D printing materials for application in cardiac ablation are sparse. Our aim is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of two biocompatible 3D printing materials, investigating their potential use for intra-procedural guides to navigate surgical cardiac arrhythmia ablation. Herein, we 3D printed various prototypes in varying thicknesses (0.8 mm-3 mm) using a resin (MED625FLX) and a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU95A). Geometrical testing was performed to assess the material properties pre- and post-sterilization...

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, share a common pathological feature of amyloid structure accumulation. However, the structure-function relationship between these well-ordered, β-sheet-rich, filamentous protein deposits and disease etiology remains to be defined. Recently, an emerging hypothesis has linked phase separation, a process involved in the formation of protein condensates, to amyloid formation, suggesting that liquid protein droplets serve as loci for amyloid initiation...

Raman spectroscopy serves as a powerful and reliable tool for the characterization of pathogenic bacteria. The integration of Raman spectroscopy with artificial intelligence techniques to rapidly identify pathogenic bacteria has become paramount for expediting disease diagnosis. However, the development of prevailing supervised artificial intelligence algorithms is still constrained by costly and limited well-annotated Raman spectroscopy datasets. Furthermore, tackling various high-dimensional and intricate Raman spectra of pathogenic bacteria in the absence of annotations remains a formidable challenge...

As artificial intelligence technology gains widespread adoption in biomedicine, the exploration of integrating biofluidic Raman spectroscopy for enhanced disease diagnosis opens up new prospects for the practical application of Raman spectroscopy in clinical settings. However, for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), origin Raman spectral data (ORS) have relatively weak signals, making it challenging to obtain ideal classification results. Although the surface enhancement technique can enhance the scattering signal of Raman spectroscopic data, the sensitivity of the SERS substrate to airborne impurities and the inhomogeneous distribution of hotspots degrade part of the signal...

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to introduce a novel two-step optical fiber-based photo-activation of dental resin-based composites (RBCs) for reducing polymerization shrinkage stress (PSS). METHODS: Proposed protocol design - in the first step, two flexible plastic optical fibers connected to a dental light curing unit (LCU), were used as light guides inserted into the filling to initiate low-irradiance polymerization from within; in the second step, fibers were extracted and remaining voids were filled with RBC, followed by conventional high-irradiance curing to finalize polymerization...

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an essential cause of tuberculosis treatment failure and death of tuberculosis patients. The rapid and reliable profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug resistance in the early stage is a critical research area for public health. Then, most traditional approaches for detecting MTB are time-consuming and costly, leading to the inappropriate therapeutic schedule resting on the ambiguous information of MTB drug resistance, increasing patient economic burden, morbidity, and mortality...

Omics analyses collectively refer to the possibility of profiling genetic variants, RNA, epigenetic markers, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. The most common analytical approaches used for detecting molecules present within biofluids related to metabolism are vibrational spectroscopy techniques, represented by infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and mass spectrometry (MS). Omics-based assessments utilizing MS are rapidly expanding and being applied to various scientific disciplines and clinical settings...

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women, and its pathological change is a relatively slow process. If it can be detected in time and treated properly, it can effectively reduce the incidence rate and mortality rate of cervical cancer, so the early screening of cervical cancer is particularly critical and significant. In this paper, we used Raman spectroscopy technology to collect the tissue sample data of patients with cervicitis, Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma...

Current diagnostic techniques for male infertility primarily require invasive testing of sperm. Clinically, there is a need for a reliable, non-invasive analysis method that provides precise information about sperm quality without compromising sperm cell integrity. Raman spectroscopy, utilizing the inelastic scattering spectra of light, offers a rapid, simple, repeatable, and non-destructive approach for both qualitative and quantitative analysis, gaining widespread application in medicine. This paper reviews the fundamental characteristics of Raman spectroscopy and its applications in the male reproductive system...

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a widely used active cosmetic ingredient. Its multiple skin care benefits are modulated by its molecular weight. Low molecular weight (LMW) HA can penetrate the skin, but high molecular weight (HMW) HA remains at the surface. Here, we assessed how vectorization of HMW HA with bentonite clay-achieved with an innovative technology-enhances its cosmetic and hydrating properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The two HA forms were applied to skin explants; their penetration and smoothing effects were monitored by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanotags have garnered much attention as promising bioimaging contrast agent with ultrahigh sensitivity, but their clinical translation faces challenges including biological and laser safety. As breast sentinel lymph node (SLN) imaging agents, SERS nanotags used by local injection and only accumulation in SLNs, which were removed during surgery, greatly reduce biological safety concerns. But their clinical translation lacks pilot demonstration on large animals close to humans...

Raman spectroscopy is a molecular spectroscopic technique able to provide detailed information about the chemical structure, phase, crystallinity, and molecular interactions of virtually any analyzed sample. Although its medical applications have been studied for several decades, only recent advances in microscopy, lasers, detectors, and better understanding of the principles of the Raman effect have successfully expanded its applicability to clinical settings. The promise of a rapid, label-free diagnostic method able to evaluate the metabolic status of a cell in vivo makes Raman spectroscopy particularly attractive for hematology and oncology...

Despite a long period of application of metal implants, carbon-carbon medical composites are also widely used for bone defect prosthesis in surgery, dentistry, and oncology. Such implants might demonstrate excellent mechanical properties, but their biocompatibility and integration efficiency into the host should be improved. As a method of enhancing, the electrophoretic deposition of fine-dispersed hydroxyapatite (HAp) on porous carbon substrates might be recommended. With electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray and Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we found that the deposition and subsequent heat post-treatment (up to the temperature of 400 °C for 1 h) did not lead to any significant phase and chemical transformations of raw non-stoichometric HAp...

Bacterial species within the Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus (Acb) complex are very similar and are difficult to discriminate. Misidentification of these species in human infection may lead to severe consequences in clinical settings. Therefore, it is important to accurately discriminate these pathogens within the Acb complex. Raman spectroscopy is a simple method that has been widely studied for bacterial identification with high similarities. In this study, we combined surfaced-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a set of machine learning algorithms for identifying species within the Acb complex...

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide and one of the leading causes of death in oncological patients with its diagnosis typically involving confirmation by tissue biopsy. In vivo Raman spectroscopy, an experimental diagnostic method less invasive than a biopsy, has shown great potential to discriminate between normal and cancerous tissue. However, the complex and often manual processing of Raman spectra along with the absence of a suitable instant classifier are the main obstacles to its adoption in clinical practice...

A simple paper-based chromatography coupling with nickel foam decorated Au nanodendrite (PP-AuND/NiF) was fabricated for simultaneous separation and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of Rhodamine-6G (R6G) from a mixture of analytes. The three-dimensional porous nickel foam (NiF) was employed as a sampling diffusion platform, and AuND with a high surface active area beneficial for SERS efficiency was electro-deposited directly onto the NiF frame. The structure of AuND/NiF was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy...

Identifying bacterial strains is essential in microbiology for various practical applications, such as disease diagnosis and quality monitoring of food and water. Classical machine learning algorithms have been utilized to identify bacteria based on their Raman spectra. However, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer higher classification accuracy, but they require extensive training sets and retraining of previous untrained class targets can be costly and time-consuming. Siamese networks have emerged as a promising solution...

This research aims to explore the potential application of this approach in the production of biosensor chips. The biosensor chip is utilized for the identification and examination of early-stage lung cancer cells. The findings of the optical microscope were corroborated by the field emission scanning electron microscopy, which provided further evidence that the growth of MoS2 is uniform and that there is minimal disruption in the electrode, hence minimizing the likelihood of an open circuit creation. Furthermore, the bilayer structure of the produced MoS2 has been validated through the utilization of Raman spectroscopy...