Slab

PURPOSE: This study aimed to demonstrate that the pattern and degree of capillary bed dropout in early glaucoma appear different on OCT-A superficial plexus en-face slabs compared with retinal ischemia. RNFL loss associated with retinal ischemia in diabetic patients may be explained and accounted for by overlying the RNFL deviation map on a superficial plexus en-face montage. CASE REPORTS: Three middle-aged White men with diabetes mellitus showed cup-to-disc ratios of approximately 0...

SIGNIFICANCE: Although measurements of near-infrared light diffusely reflected from the head and other biological tissues are commonly used to generate images revealing changes in the concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, static imaging of absolute concentrations has been inhibited by the unknown and variable coupling between the optical probe and the skin, to which hair is often a significant contributor. Measurements of spectral derivatives provide a means of overcoming this shortcoming...

The accurate characterisation of centreline segregation requires precise measurements of composition variations over large length scales (10 <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:msup><mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation>$^{-1}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:semantics><mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation>${\rm {m}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> ) across the centreline of the cast product, while having high resolution, sufficient to quantify the significant composition variations between dendrites due to microsegregation at very small length scales (10 <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

Copper is widely used in everyday life and industrial production because of its good electrical and thermal conductivity. To overcome copper oxidation and maintain its good physical properties, small organic molecules adsorbed on the surface of copper make a passivated layer to further avoid copper corrosion. In this work, we have investigated thioglycolic acid (TGA, another name is mercaptoacetic acid) adsorbed on copper surfaces by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a periodical slab model...

The Hazelett continuous casting and rolling process represents a leading-edge production method for cold-rolled aluminum sheet and strip billets in the world. Its solidification microstructure significantly influences the quality of billets produced for cold rolling of aluminum sheets and strips. In this study, employing the CAFE (Cellular Automaton-Finite Element) method, we developed a coupled computational model to simulate the solidification microstructure in the Hazelett continuous casting process. We investigated the impact of nucleation parameters, casting temperature, and continuous casting speed on the microstructural evolution of the continuous casting billet...

BACKGROUND: Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) still represents a diagnostic challenge for retinal specialists. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for a better prognosis. Several diagnostic tools have proven helpful in the identification of VRL abnormalities. However, swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCT-A) findings and their long-term follow-up are yet to be explored. CASE PRESENTATION: a 42-year-old man presented with blurred vision in his left eye for 2 weeks...

The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) beneath oceanic plates is generally imaged as a sharp seismic velocity reduction, suggesting the presence of partial melts. However, the fate of a melt-rich LAB is unclear after these plates descend into the mantle at subduction zones. Recent geophysical studies suggest its persistence with down-going old and cold slabs, but whether or not it is commonly present remains unclear, especially for young and warm slabs such as in the Cascadia subduction zone. Here we provide evidence for its presence at Cascadia in the form of a large (9...

Inorganic mixed-halogen perovskites exhibit excellent photovoltaic properties and stability; yet, their photoelectric conversion efficiency is limited by inherent surface defects. In this work, we study the impact of defects on properties of CsPbI2 Br slabs using first-principles calculations, focusing on specific defects such as I vacancy (VI ), I interposition (Ii ), and I substitution by Pb (PbI ). Our findings reveal that these defects affect the geometric and optoelectronic properties as well as dynamics of charge carriers of slabs...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of different dosimeters and the treatment planning system (TPS) for assessing the skin dose due to the electron streaming effect (ESE) on a 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR)-linac. METHOD: Skin dose due to the ESE on an MR-linac (Unity, Elekta) was investigated using a solid water phantom rotated 45° in the x-y plane (IEC61217) and centered at the isocenter. The phantom was irradiated with 1 × 1, 3 × 3, 5 × 5, 10 × 10, and 22 × 22 cm2 fields, gantry at 90°...

UNLABELLED: A snow slab avalanche releases after failure initiation and crack propagation in a highly porous weak snow layer buried below a cohesive slab. While our knowledge of crack propagation during avalanche formation has greatly improved over the last decades, it still remains unclear how snow mechanical properties affect the dynamics of crack propagation. This is partly due to a lack of non-invasive measurement methods to investigate the micro-mechanical aspects of the process...

Large DNA molecules (>20 kb) are difficult analytes prone to breakage during serial manipulations and cannot be 'rescued' as full-length amplicons. Accordingly, to present, modify and analyze arrays of large, single DNA molecules, we created an easily realizable approach offering gentle confinement conditions or immobilization via spermidine condensation for controlled delivery of reagents that support live imaging by epifluorescence microscopy termed 'Gel-Stacks.' Molecules are locally confined between two hydrogel surfaces without covalent tethering to support time-lapse imaging and multistep workflows that accommodate large DNA molecules...

We previously showed that macrophage-like cells (MLCs) are increased in eyes with advanced diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, we hypothesized that MLC density was correlated with ischemia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA). Treatment-naïve diabetic eyes were prospectively imaged with repeated OCTA (average 5.3 scans per eye) and UWF-FA imaging. OCTA images were registered and averaged to generate a superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and MLC slab...

We investigate the depletion contributions to the self-assembly of microcolloids on solid substrates. The assembly is driven by the exclusion of nanoparticles and nonadsorbing polymers from the depletion zone between the microcolloids in the liquid and the underlying substrate. The model system consists of 1 μm polystyrene particles that we deposit on a flat glass slab in an electrolyte solution. Using polystyrene nanoparticles and poly(acrylic acid) polymers as depleting agents, we demonstrate in our experiments that nanoparticle concentrations of 0...

Bayesian approaches have been utilized to address the challenge of variable selection and statistical inference in high-dimensional survival analysis. However, the discontinuity of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mo>ℓ</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-norm prior, including the useful spike-and-slab prior, may lead to computational and implementation challenges, potentially limiting the widespread use of Bayesian methods...

This paper aims to investigate the dynamic response characteristics of subway station under earthquakes. To this end, seismic waves are transformed into equivalent nodal loads on viscoelastic artificial boundaries using theories and methods of wave motion. The calculation formulas for equivalent nodal loads of SV waves incident at any angle are established, and ANSYS' APDL program compiles to automatically generate the viscoelastic artificial boundary and input the seismic loads. A finite element model of soil-subway station interaction was established, and the seismic response characteristics of a two-story three-span subway station under different incidence angles of SV waves were investigated using the above seismic input method...

Beam hardening (BH) artifacts in computed tomography (CT) images originate from the polychromatic nature of X-ray photons. In a CT system with a bowtie filter, residual BH artifacts remain when polynomial fits are used. These artifacts lead to worse visuals, reduced contrast, and inaccurate CT numbers. This work proposes a pixel-by-pixel correction (PPC) method to reduce the residual BH artifacts caused by a bowtie filter.&#xD;Approach: The energy spectrum for each pixel at the detector after the photons pass through the bowtie filter was calculated...

ReaxFF is a computationally efficient model for reactive molecular dynamics simulations that has been applied to a wide variety of chemical systems. When ReaxFF parameters are not yet available for a chemistry of interest, they must be (re)optimized, for which one defines a set of training data that the new ReaxFF parameters should reproduce. ReaxFF training sets typically contain diverse properties with different units, some of which are more abundant (by orders of magnitude) than others. To find the best parameters, one conventionally minimizes a weighted sum of squared errors over all of the data in the training set...

PURPOSE: Intraretinal hyper-reflective foci (IHRF) are optical coherence tomography (OCT) risk factors for progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study we assess the change in the number and distribution of IHRF over two years. METHODS: The axial distribution of IHRF were quantified in eyes with intermediate AMD (iAMD) at baseline and 24 months, using a series of 5 sequential equidistant en face OCT retinal slabs generated between the outer border of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the inner border of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)...

Interferometry offers a precise means of interrogating resonances in dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces, surpassing spectrometer-imposed resolution limits. However, interferometry implementations often face complexity or instability issues due to heightened sensitivity. Here, we address the necessity for noise compensation and tolerance by harnessing the inherent capabilities of photonic resonances. Our proposed solution, termed "resonant phase noise matching," employs optical referencing to align the phases of equally sensitive, orthogonal components of the same mode...

Numerous studies revealed optimization techniques' applicability in minimizing the costs of reinforced concrete buildings. However, the existing literature has narrowly focused on optimizing buildings with a single function, such as residential or office buildings, hindering the generalization of the results. This paper aims to bridge the gap between optimization and structural engineering by obtaining the minimum-cost design of flat slab buildings with different intended functions. In this context, the optimal designs of 120 alternatives were obtained, considering various spans (4-8 m), live loads (2-10 kPa), and concrete compressive strength (25-40 MPa)...