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REVIEW
Jorge Rios-Zermeno, Daniel Ballesteros-Herrera, Pamela Dominguez-Vizcayno, José Damián Carrillo-Ruiz, Sergio Moreno-Jimenez
PURPOSE: The dentate nucleus (DN) is the largest, most lateral, and phylogenetically most recent of the deep cerebellar nuclei. Its pivotal role encompasses the planning, initiation, and modification of voluntary movement but also spans non-motor functions like executive functioning, visuospatial processing, and linguistic abilities. This review aims to offer a comprehensive description of the DN, detailing its embryology, anatomy, physiology, and clinical relevance, alongside an analysis of dentatotomy...
May 17, 2024: Acta Neurochirurgica
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer O'Neil, Nathalie Dionne, Sylvie Marchand, Dominique Cardinal, Grant Handrigan, Jacinthe Savard
Introduction . A fall may impact a person's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Fall prevention programs are being implemented to reduce these negative outcomes. However, linguistic barriers in health services may reduce access to such prevention programs. A telehealth fall prevention program was designed to increase access to such programs in French for Francophone minority communities in Canada. This capacity-building project aimed to support community partners to deliver this telehealth program and document strategies used to reach, adopt, and implement the program within various Francophone and Acadian Minority Communities...
May 17, 2024: Health Promotion Practice
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yan Yu, Feng Gu, Yongqing Li, Jianghua Han
Metaphor and simile, two prevalent forms of figurative language widely employed in daily communication, serve as significant research subjects in linguistics. The Career of Metaphor Theory in cognitive linguistics posits that as conventionality increases, the cognitive mechanisms of metaphor comprehension shift from "comparison" to "categorization." In line with this notion, prior electrophysiological investigations have revealed that novel metaphors elicit a stronger N400 brain response compared to conventional metaphors...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José Pedro Amoroso, Luís Coelho, Rebecca A Boulton, Christie M González-Toro, Felipe Costa, Efstathios Christodoulides, Wouter Cools, Dean Dudley, James E Moore, Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado, Ming-Yang Cheng, Luís Calmeiro
INTRODUCTION: Implementing a self-refereeing system presents a unique challenge in sports education, particularly in academic and training settings where officiated sports prevail. However, Ultimate Frisbee stands out by entrusting players with both athlete and referee roles, introducing distinctive ethical complexities. This manuscript is intended to evaluate ethical behavior and self-control within the Spirit of the Game (SOTG) scoring system in Elite Ultimate. To address these, Ultimate employs the (SOTG) scoring system, integral since the sport's inception in the late 1980s...
2024: Frontiers in sports and active living
#5
REVIEW
Shaohua Gao, Estella P-M Ma
OBJECTIVE: To synthesize existing evidence of the relationship between voice parameters and speech intelligibility. METHODS: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, 13 databases were searched and a manual search was conducted. A narrative synthesis of methodological quality, study characteristics, participant demographics, voice parameter categorization, and their relationship to speech intelligibility was conducted...
May 15, 2024: Journal of Voice
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justine Dandy, Caroline Ng Tseung-Wong, Amanda M George, Byron L Zamboanga, Vilma Palacios
OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to identify the influence of heritage cultural factors and mainstream Australian cultural norms on young culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) immigrants' alcohol and other drug (AOD) use attitudes, motives for use, and behaviors. METHOD: We conducted nine focus groups with 55 youth (aged 16-30; 22 female, 33 male). Participants were from diverse cultural backgrounds including India, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Hazara-Afghanistan, Burma (Chin and Karen), Malaysia, Singapore, and China...
May 16, 2024: Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Reethee Antony, Brett Martin, Valerie Shafer, Susan Behrens
PURPOSE: There is a dearth of literature in determining whether language groups for whom aspiration and/or voicing is phonologically contrastive show better perception relative to those who do not use these features contrastively and whether the cue type modulates perception in noise. This study addresses perception of laryngeal cues (voicing and aspiration) by Hindi, English, and Tamil listeners, in quiet and in noise. METHOD: Sixteen participants between 20 and 45 years of age were included in each of the three language groups...
May 15, 2024: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research: JSLHR
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuto Ozaki, Adam Tierney, Peter Q Pfordresher, John M McBride, Emmanouil Benetos, Polina Proutskova, Gakuto Chiba, Fang Liu, Nori Jacoby, Suzanne C Purdy, Patricia Opondo, W Tecumseh Fitch, Shantala Hegde, Martín Rocamora, Rob Thorne, Florence Nweke, Dhwani P Sadaphal, Parimal M Sadaphal, Shafagh Hadavi, Shinya Fujii, Sangbuem Choo, Marin Naruse, Utae Ehara, Latyr Sy, Mark Lenini Parselelo, Manuel Anglada-Tort, Niels Chr Hansen, Felix Haiduk, Ulvhild Færøvik, Violeta Magalhães, Wojciech Krzyżanowski, Olena Shcherbakova, Diana Hereld, Brenda Suyanne Barbosa, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Mark van Tongeren, Polina Dessiatnitchenko, Su Zar Zar, Iyadh El Kahla, Olcay Muslu, Jakelin Troy, Teona Lomsadze, Dilyana Kurdova, Cristiano Tsope, Daniel Fredriksson, Aleksandar Arabadjiev, Jehoshaphat Philip Sarbah, Adwoa Arhine, Tadhg Ó Meachair, Javier Silva-Zurita, Ignacio Soto-Silva, Neddiel Elcie Muñoz Millalonco, Rytis Ambrazevičius, Psyche Loui, Andrea Ravignani, Yannick Jadoul, Pauline Larrouy-Maestri, Camila Bruder, Tutushamum Puri Teyxokawa, Urise Kuikuro, Rogerdison Natsitsabui, Nerea Bello Sagarzazu, Limor Raviv, Minyu Zeng, Shahaboddin Dabaghi Varnosfaderani, Juan Sebastián Gómez-Cañón, Kayla Kolff, Christina Vanden Bosch der Nederlanden, Meyha Chhatwal, Ryan Mark David, I Putu Gede Setiawan, Great Lekakul, Vanessa Nina Borsan, Nozuko Nguqu, Patrick E Savage
Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities and differences between song, speech, and instrumental music on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two global datasets: (i) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational speech, and instrumental melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; and (ii) 418 previously published adult-directed song and speech recordings from 209 individuals speaking 16 languages...
May 17, 2024: Science Advances
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natascha Marie Roos, Julia Chauvet, Vitória Piai
Studies investigating language commonly isolate one modality or process, focusing on comprehension or production. Here, we present a framework for a paradigm that combines both: the Concise Language Paradigm (CLaP), tapping into comprehension and production within one trial. The trial structure is identical across conditions, presenting a sentence followed by a picture to be named. We tested 21 healthy speakers with EEG to examine three time periods during a trial (sentence, pre-picture interval, picture onset), yielding contrasts of sentence comprehension, contextually and visually guided word retrieval, object recognition, and naming...
May 15, 2024: Brain Structure & Function
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandro Bianconi, Giorgia Zanutto, Gisele Castagna, Angela Andrea Coa, Esther Rita De Gioia, Giulia Longo, Gaia Sicari, Giulia Tomaiuolo, Renato Todeschini, Paolo Pandolfi, Davide Gori
BACKGROUND: Language barriers are one of the main obstacles faced by migrants in accessing healthcare services. A compromised communication between migrants and Healthcare Providers in vaccination setting can result in increased vaccine hesitancy and decreased vaccine uptake. The objective of the current study is to investigate Healthcare Providers' perceptions about linguistic barriers faced during both routinary vaccination practice and the extraordinary vaccination program for Ukrainian refugees in the Local Health Authorities of Bologna and Romagna (Italy)...
2024: Annali di Igiene: Medicina Preventiva e di Comunità
#11
Natasha C Czerwinski-Alley, Tamara Chithiramohan, Hari Subramaniam, Lucy Beishon, Elizabeta B Mukaetova-Ladinska
BACKGROUND: The current cognitive tests have been developed based on and standardized against Western constructs and normative data. With older people of minority ethnic background increasing across Western countries, there is a need for cognitive screening tests to address factors which influence performance bias and timely diagnostic dementia accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy in translated and culturally adapted cognitive screening tests and their impact on test performance in diverse populations have not been well addressed to date...
2024: JAD Reports
#12
William Matchin, Diogo Almeida, Gregory Hickok, Jon Sprouse
In principle, functional neuroimaging provides uniquely informative data in addressing linguistic questions, because it can indicate distinct processes that are not apparent from behavioral data alone. This could involve adjudicating the source of unacceptability via the different patterns of elicited brain responses to different ungrammatical sentence types. However, it is difficult to interpret brain activations to syntactic violations. Such responses could reflect processes that have nothing intrinsically related to linguistic representations, such as domain-general executive function abilities...
May 5, 2024: bioRxiv
#13
Cole Robertson, Neguine Rezaii, Daisy Hochberg, Megan Quimby, Phillip Wolff, Bradford C Dickerson
INTRODUCTION: Recent success has been achieved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials targeting amyloid beta (β), demonstrating a reduction in the rate of cognitive decline. However, testing methods for amyloid-β positivity are currently costly or invasive, motivating the development of accessible screening approaches to steer patients toward appropriate diagnostic tests. Here, we employ a pre-trained language model (Distil-RoBERTa) to identify amyloid-β positivity from a short, connected speech sample...
May 5, 2024: medRxiv
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joyce Sserunjogi Nalugya, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv Engebretsen, Noeline Nakasujja, Grace Ndeezi, Juliet N Babirye, Victoria Bakken, Ane-Marthe Solheim Skar, James K Tumwine, Norbert Skokauskas
BACKGROUND: Children at risk of substance use disorders (SUD) should be detected using brief structured tools for early intervention. This study sought to translate and adapt the Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) tool to determine its diagnostic accuracy, and the optimum cut-point to identify substance use disorders (SUD) risk in Ugandan children aged 6 to 13 years. METHODS: This was a sequential mixed-methods study conducted in two phases...
May 14, 2024: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E Efstathiou, A Merseburger, A Liew, K Kurtyka, O Panda, D Dalechek, A C S Heerdegen, R Jain, F De Solda, S A McCarthy, S D Brookman-May, S D Mundle, W Yu Ko, L-M Krabbe
BACKGROUND: Understanding stakeholders' perception of cure in prostate cancer (PC) is essential to preparing for effective communication about emerging treatments with curative intent. This study used artificial intelligence (AI) for landscape review and linguistic analysis of definition, context and value of cure among stakeholders in PC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subject-matter experts (SMEs) selected cure-related key words using Elicit, a semantic literature search engine, and extracted hits containing the key words from Medline, Sermo and Overton, representing academic researchers, health care providers (HCPs) and policymakers, respectively...
May 13, 2024: ESMO Open
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eva Portelance, Michael C Frank, Dan Jurafsky
Interpreting a seemingly simple function word like "or," "behind," or "more" can require logical, numerical, and relational reasoning. How are such words learned by children? Prior acquisition theories have often relied on positing a foundation of innate knowledge. Yet recent neural-network-based visual question answering models apparently can learn to use function words as part of answering questions about complex visual scenes. In this paper, we study what these models learn about function words, in the hope of better understanding how the meanings of these words can be learned by both models and children...
May 2024: Cognitive Science
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fábio Silva, Marta I Garrido, Sandra C Soares
Anxiety shifts visual attention and perceptual mechanisms, preparing oneself to detect potentially threatening information more rapidly. Despite being demonstrated for threat-related social stimuli, such as fearful expressions, it remains unexplored if these effects encompass other social cues of danger, such as aggressive gestures/actions. To this end, we recruited a total of 65 participants and asked them to identify, as quickly and accurately as possible, potentially aggressive actions depicted by an agent...
May 2024: Cognitive Science
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander Ort, Tess Bardy
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to adapt and validate the HIV PrEP Stigma Scale (HPSS) in French and German languages (HPSS-FR/DE) and assess its applicability across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts. METHODS: The original scale was adapted to French and German and administered through an online survey in multiple European nations. A four-factor structure was extracted from the data, including negative social consequences, social pressure, self-support, and external support...
2024: International Journal of Public Health
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steffen A Herff, Leonardo Bonetti, Gabriele Cecchetti, Peter Vuust, Morten L Kringelbach, Martin A Rohrmeier
Linguistic research showed that the depth of syntactic embedding is reflected in brain theta power. Here, we test whether this also extends to non-linguistic stimuli, specifically music. We used a hierarchical model of musical syntax to continuously quantify two types of expert-annotated harmonic dependencies throughout a piece of Western classical music: prolongation and preparation. Prolongations can roughly be understood as a musical analogue to linguistic coordination between constituents that share the same function (e...
May 11, 2024: Neuropsychologia
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Rahman, Sandra Avila, Carrie L Heike, Nicola M Stock, Laura Stueckle, Amy Schefer, Alexis L Johns
Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and microtia psychosocial research in the US is primarily with English-speaking participants. Given that 19% of the US is Latino, and there is a higher prevalence of CFM in Latino populations, this study aims to describe psychosocial experiences related to CFM among Spanish-speaking Latino caregivers to better inform health care. Narrative interviews (mean 73±17 min) were completed in Spanish with parents of children with CFM aged 3 to 17 (mean age 10.8±4.8 years)...
May 13, 2024: Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
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