Probiotic and respiratory infection

BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases, exhibiting a higher prevalence in women than men, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. Current research suggests that microbial dysbiosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OLP. Our previous research has found that the increase of Prevotella melaninogenica and decrease of Streptococcus salivarius have been identified as a potential pathogenic factor in OLP. Consequently, the objective of this study is to examine whether S...

Human milk promotes the growth of bifidobacteria in the infant gut. Adding bifidobacterial species to infant formula may contribute to increasing their presence in the gut of formula-fed infants. Therefore, the safety and anti-infectious effects of Bifidobacterium breve DSM32583, a breast milk isolate, were assessed in a pilot trial involving 3-month-old infants. The infants were randomly assigned to either the probiotic (PG) or the control (CG) groups. All the infants consumed the same formula, although it was supplemented with the strain (1 × 107 cfu/g of formula) in the PG...

RATIONALE: This article presents a complex case of refractory severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and outlines its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Considering inadequate responses to conventional and steroid treatments, the potential efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin is explored. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient, an elderly individual, experienced short-term fever and sore throat after encountering the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic...

Currently, the responsible use of antimicrobials in pigs has allowed the continuous development of alternatives to these antimicrobials. In this study, we describe the impact of treatments with two probiotics, one based on live Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( S. cerevisiae ) and another based on fragmented S. cerevisiae (beta-glucans), that were administered to piglets at birth and at prechallenge with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae . Thirty-two pigs were divided into four groups of eight animals each. The animals had free access to water and food...

Consumption of certain probiotic strains may be beneficial for reducing the risk of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), however, underlying immunological mechanisms are elusive. Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04™ has been reported in humans to significantly reduce the risk of URTIs, affect the innate immunity in the nasal mucosa, and reduce nasal lavage virus titer after a rhinovirus (RV) challenge. To study the immunological mechanisms, we investigated the effect of Bl-04 on cytokine production and transcriptomes of human monocyte-derived macrophages (Mfs) and dendritic cells (DCs), and further on RV replication and cytokine production in MRC-5 fibroblasts...

There is a growing interest in development of novel vaccines against respiratory tract infections, due to COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we examined mucosal adjuvanticity and the mucosal booster effect of membrane vesicles (MVs) of a novel probiotic E. coli derivative lacking both flagella and potentially carcinogenic colibactin (Δ flhD Δ clbP ). Δ flhD Δ clbP -derived MVs showed rather strong mucosal adjuvanticity as compared to those of a single flagellar mutant strain (Δ flhD -MVs)...

The probiotic Enterococcus faecium is a gut microbe with immunomodulatory effects, which has been widely used to prevent diarrhoea in pigs and birds. Escherichia coli is a common pathogen that causes inflammatory bowel disease in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. faecium on enteritis in goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control, E. faecium, E. coli, and E. faecium + E. coli. The changes of physiological indicators and diarrhoea scoring were evaluated on days -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8...

Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 (SpPdp11) is a probiotic strain assayed in aquaculture; however, its postbiotic potential is unknown. Postbiotics are bacterial metabolites, including extracellular products (ECPs) that improve host physiology and immunity. Their production and composition can be affected by different factors such as the growing conditions of the probiotics. Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strain Lg 41/01 (Phdp) is one of the most important pathogens in marine aquaculture. The major virulent factor of this bacterium is the exotoxin aip56, responsible for inducing apoptosis of fish leucocytes...

Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity and mortality. In the past 10 years, the importance of lung microbiota emerged in the context of pulmonary diseases, although the mechanisms by which it impacts the intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On the contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development in the lung. In this review, we present an overview of the lung microbiome modifications occurring during respiratory infections, namely, reduced community diversity and increased microbial burden, and of the downstream consequences on host-pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, and cytokines production, in turn affecting the disease progression and outcome...

The gut-lung axis is critical during viral respiratory infections such as influenza. Gut dysbiosis during infection translates into a massive drop of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Among them, butyrate is important during influenza suggesting that microbiome-based therapeutics targeting butyrate might hold promises. The butyrate-producing bacterium Faecalibacterium duncaniae (formerly referred to as F. prausnitzii ) is an emerging probiotic with several health-promoting characteristics...

A balanced microbiota-microorganisms that live in the gut-is crucial in the early years of a child's life, while dysbiosis-altered microbiota-has been linked to the development of various diseases. Probiotics, such as Alkalihalobacillus clausii , are commonly used to restore the balance of gut microbiota and have shown additional antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Intake of micronutrients can affect the structure and function of the gut barrier and of the microbiota by having multiple effects on cellular metabolism (e...

The lung microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that colonize the respiratory tract of individuals from, or even before, birth. Although the lungs were traditionally believed to be sterile, recent research has shown that there is a diversity of bacterial species in the respiratory system. Knowledge about the lung microbiota in newborns and its relationship with bacterial infections is of vital importance to understand the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in neonatal patients undergoing mechanical ventilation...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently caused a global pandemic, resulting in more than 702 million people being infected and over 6.9 million deaths. Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may suffer from diarrhea, sleep disorders, depression, and even cognitive impairment, which is associated with long COVID during recovery. However, there remains no consensus on effective treatment methods. Studies have found that patients with COVID-19 have alterations in microbiota and their metabolites, particularly in the gut, which may be involved in the regulation of immune responses...

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disease with high morbidity and mortality among premature infants. However, studies with large samples on the factors of NEC in China have not been reported. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review the literature to explore the influencing factors of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants in China and provide a reference for the prevention of NEC. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang and VIP databases were systematically searched from inception to February 2023...

The microbiota community is composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protists that exert symbiotic effects within the human body. Unlike microbiota, parasites are characteristically reliant on their hosts to thrive and flourish, producing toxic metabolites that agitate microbiota and disturb homeostasis. The proper management of parasitic infections addresses several important challenges related to low socioeconomic status and emergent resistance. Therefore, understanding the microbiota's role in interactions with hosts and parasites is crucial for managing parasite diseases with fewer economic and adverse effects associated with pharmaceutical interventions...

Probiotics, known to be live microorganisms, have been shown to improve or restore the gut microbiota, which in turn has been linked to improved health. It is believed that probiotics are the modern equivalent of a panacea, with claims that they may treat or prevent different diseases both in children and adults (e.g., from colic in babies to cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection, and cancer in adults). Ever since the early 2000s, probiotic-based fermented foods have had a resurgence in popularity, mostly due to claims made regarding their health benefits...

INTRODUCTION: The worldwide prevalence of periodontitis is considerably high, and its pathogenic mechanisms must be investigated and understood in order to improve clinical treatment outcomes and reduce the disease prevalence and burden. The exacerbation of the host immune system induced by oral microbial dysbiosis and the subsequent tissue destruction are the hallmarks of the periodontitis. However, the oral bacteria involved in periodontitis are not fully understood. We used the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing system to analyze metagenomic information in subgingival dental plaque from periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients...

Bacillus clausii is a commercial spore probiotic known to treat multiple diseases. An increased interest in exploring the nutraceutical and probiotic properties of various microorganisms has made researchers explore more about these bacteria. The current trends in the healthcare industry are majorly focused on devising new therapies to avoid drug and pathogen resistance in patients. Antimicrobial peptides have been considered a source of antibiotics for a long time. Still, getting new therapies into the market is a big challenge...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of Lab4 probiotic and vitamin C combination on the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) was investigated in two studies with children. Our objective was to pool dataset of 57 preschool children from the PROCHILD study (ISRCTN28722693) and the dataset of 50 preschool matched cohort from the PROCHILD-2 study (ISRCTN26587549) to evaluate the impact of probiotic/vitamin C combination on the prevention of upper respiratory tract symptoms and provide a more robust assessment of effect using detailed individual level data...

Background and Objectives : Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 is the new coronavirus that caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Studies have increasingly reported the involvement of organs outside the respiratory system, including the gastrointestinal tract. Data on the association between COVID-19 and ulcerative colitis (UC) are lacking. Materials and Methods : In this one-centre cross-sectional study, 49 patients with UC from the Riga East Clinical University Hospital outpatient clinic were included from June 2021 to December 2021...