SPECT - MPI

This pragmatic review synthesises the current understanding of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (pDLB) and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (pAD), including clinical presentations, neuropsychological profiles, neuropsychiatric symptoms, biomarkers, and indications for disease management. The core clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)-parkinsonism, complex visual hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations, and REM sleep behaviour disorder are common prodromal symptoms. Supportive clinical features of pDLB include severe neuroleptic sensitivity, as well as autonomic and neuropsychiatric symptoms...

PURPOSE: 68 Ga-Trivehexin is an investigational PET radiopharmaceutical (NCT05799274) targeting αvβ6-integrin for PET imaging of carcinomas. 177 Lu-D0301 is a structurally related therapeutic peptide tetramer. However, it showed considerable kidney uptake in rodents, impeding clinical applicability. We therefore evaluated the impact of different kidney protection strategies on the biodistribution of both agents in normal and tumor-bearing mice. METHODS: Ex-vivo biodistribution of 68 Ga-Trivehexin (90 min p...

Recognizing the significance of SPECT in nuclear medicine and the pivotal role of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in cancer diagnosis and therapy, this study focuses on the development of 99m Tc-labeled dimeric HF2 with high tumor uptake and image contrast. The dimeric HF2 was synthesized and radiolabeled with 99m Tc in one pot using various coligands (tricine, TPPTS, EDDA, and TPPMS) to yield [99m Tc]Tc-TPPTS-HF2 , [99m Tc]Tc-EDDA-HF2 , and [99m Tc]Tc-TPPMS-HF2 dimers. SPECT imaging results indicated that [99m Tc]Tc-TPPTS-HF2 exhibited higher tumor uptake and tumor-to-normal tissue (T/NT) ratio than [99m Tc]Tc-EDDA-HF2 and [99m Tc]Tc-TPPMS-HF2 ...

BACKGROUND: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital defect of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring in about 1% to 2% of population. Most MD are rarely symptomatic, with presenting symptoms including diverticulitis, digestive tract hemorrhage and intestinal obstruction. The semblance of symptoms to enteritis and appendicitis makes preoperative diagnosis challenging. Current diagnosis of MD includes technetium-99m pertechnate scan, laparoscopic or intraoperative findings and examining surgical specimens...

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) remains a challenge in clinical practice. The use of 123 I-ioflupane (DaTscan™ ) SPECT imaging, which detects reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake-a key biomarker in DLB diagnosis-could improve diagnostic accuracy. However, DAT imaging is underutilized despite its potential, contributing to delays and suboptimal patient management. METHODS: This review evaluates DLB diagnostic practices and challenges faced within the U...

BACKGROUND: Bone metastasis significantly impact the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, reducing their quality of life and shortening their survival. Currently, there are no effective tools for the diagnosis and risk assessment of early bone metastasis in NSCLC patients. This study employed machine learning to analyze serum indicators that are closely associated with bone metastasis, aiming to construct a model for the timely detection and prognostic evaluation of bone metastasis in NSCLC patients...

A diagnosis based on multiple nuclear medicine imaging (NMI) was more comprehensive in approaching the nature of pathological changes. In this research, a method to realize triple NMIs within one day was developed based on the reasonable arrangements of 68 Ga-RGD PET/CT specialized on neovascularization, 99m Tc-HL-91 SPECT/CT specialized on hypoxia and 18 F-FDG PET/CT specialized on tumor metabolism. Feasibility was verified in evaluating the therapeutic effects of transarterial embolization (TAE) performed on rabbit models with VX2 tumor...

BACKGROUND: In an exploratory 91-participant phase 2a clinical trial (AscenD-LB, NCT04001517) in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), neflamapimod showed improvement over placebo on multiple clinical endpoints. To confirm those results, a phase 2b clinical study (RewinD-LB, NCT05869669 ) that is similar to AscenD-LB has been initiated. OBJECTIVES: To optimize the choice of patient population, primary endpoint, and biomarker evaluations in RewinD-LB. DESIGN: Evaluation of the efficacy results from AscenD-LB, the main results of which, and a re-analysis after stratification for absence or presence of AD co-pathology (assessed by plasma ptau181), have been published...

The first-choice imaging test for visualization of thromboemboli in the pulmonary vasculature in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) - a readily available and widely used imaging technique. Through technological advancements over the past years, alternative imaging techniques for the diagnosis of PE have become available, whilst others are still under investigation. In particular, the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to enable further innovation in diagnostic management of PE...

BACKGROUND: Yttrium-90 ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>90</mml:mn></mml:msup> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$^{90}{\rm {Y}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> ) represents the primary radioisotope used in radioembolization procedures, while holmium-166 ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

INTRODUCTION: Spatial normalization is a prerequisite step for the quantitative analysis of SPECT or PET brain images using volume-of-interest (VOI) template or voxel-based analysis. MRI-guided spatial normalization is the gold standard, but the wide use of PET/CT or SPECT/CT in routine clinical practice makes CT-guided spatial normalization a necessary alternative. Ventricular enlargement is observed with aging, and it hampers the spatial normalization of the lateral ventricles and striatal regions, limiting their analysis...

PURPOSE: For minimally invasive surgery of parathyroid adenomas, exact localization diagnostics are essential. Main imaging modalities used for diagnostics are sonography, SPECT with/without CT (traditional imaging) and 18 F-choline-PET. The aim of our study was to identify predictors for inconclusive SPECT imaging and subsequently determine in which cases 18 F-choline-PET is needed. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 138 patients with histologically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT)...

RATIONALE: Primary hyperparathyroidism, though relatively prevalent among endocrine disorders, affecting 1% of the general population, often presents diagnostic challenges. Given its potential to precipitate severe complications including nephrolithiasis and fractures, timely diagnosis, and effective management are crucial. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 38-year-old woman with hypercalcemia was referred to the Department of Nuclear Medicine for a Tc-99m MIBI scan. DIAGNOSES: Tc-99m MIBI scan showed focal increased uptake in the left thyroid gland area, initially suggesting a parathyroid adenoma...

BACKGROUND: The emergence of deep learning (DL) techniques has revolutionized tumor detection and classification in medical imaging, with multimodal medical imaging (MMI) gaining recognition for its precision in diagnosis, treatment, and progression tracking. OBJECTIVE: This review comprehensively examines DL methods in transforming tumor detection and classification across MMI modalities, aiming to provide insights into advancements, limitations, and key challenges for further progress...

BACKGROUND: Myocardial work (MW) is a novel echocardiographic modality, which has been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic values in patients with cardiovascular diseases, patients with obstructive coronary artery disease, in particular. However, only a handful of studies have examined the MW analysis in ischemia with nonobstructive coronary artery (INOCA) disease. This study, therefore, aimed to detect the early left ventricular involvement in INOCA patients diagnosed by an invasive coronary angiography performing the MW analysis...

OBJECTIVE: Ictal SPECT can be used as an estimate for the epileptogenic zone in people with focal epilepsy. Subtraction of ictal and interictal SPECT scans reveals the area with significant ictal hyperperfusion. Some methods use a control database to also correct for physiological variance. This control database is ideally scanner specific, but it is not trivial to obtain such a database because of ethical issues. In this study, we used a publicly available control database to compare ictal-interictal SPECT analyzed by SPM (ISAS) with the most commonly used subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered to MRI (SISCOM)...

BACKGROUND: The uptake of large (>10 nm) non-targeted nanocarriers by bulk tumors is thought to be dominated by passive extravasation through porous tumor vessels and limited lymphatic drainage, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Prior studies demonstrated radiolabeled tumor-targeted and non-targeted 4-arm 40 kDa star polyethylene glycol (StarPEG) polymers for cancer imaging. By adding small molecule ligands targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to the StarPEG polymer, marked increase in tumor uptake, penetration and retention in the tumor core was observed...

The delivery of drugs to the brain in the therapy of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remains a continuing challenge because of the lack of delivery systems that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, there is a need to develop an innovative delivery method for the treatment of CNS diseases. Thus, we have investigated the interaction of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and S-(-)-γ-amino-α-hydroxybutyric acid (GAHBA) with the GABA receptor by performing a docking study. Both GABA and GAHBA show comparable binding affinities toward the receptor...

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) crystals show promise as scintillating materials for wide-energy radiation detection, outperforming their three-dimensional counterparts. In this study, we synthesized single crystals of (PEA2- x BZA x )PbBr4 ( x ranging from 0.1 to 2), utilizing phenethylammonium (C6 H5 CH2 CH2 NH3 + ) and benzylammonium (C6 H5 CH2 NH3 + ) cations. These materials exhibit favorable optical and scintillation properties, rendering them suitable for high light yield (LY) and fast-response scintillators...

Resilience in neuroscience generally refers to an individual's capacity to counteract the adverse effects of a neuropathological condition. While resilience mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease are well-investigated, knowledge regarding its quantification, neurobiological underpinnings, network adaptations, and long-term effects in Parkinson's disease is limited. Our study involved 151 Parkinson's patients from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative Database with available Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dopamine Transporter Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography scans, and clinical information...