Gastroenterology Research

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic mucosal resection is a frequently employed method for removing colonic polyps. Nonetheless, the recurrence of these polyps over a healed submucosal base can complicate the extraction of leftover lesions through standard procedures. EndoRotor® , a non-thermal device specifically designed for endoscopic mucosal resection, has recently been assessed for its utility in removing colonic polyps, non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus, and pancreatic necrosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the safety and efficacy of EndoRotor® in resecting scared or recurrence colonic polyps...

BACKGROUND: Ischemic colitis is the most common presentation of mesenteric ischemia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Coagulopathy has been associated with the development of ischemic colitis. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can lead to a variety of pathology and physiological derangements, including coagulopathy. Some case reports have described severe ischemic colitis in patients with COVID-19 infection. Our study aimed to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 infection on ischemic colitis outcomes...

BACKGROUND: There is no uniformity in the available literature concerning the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) viral illness on people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: We conducted an analysis using the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients with and without IBD. RESULTS: Of 1,050,040 patients admitted with COVID-19, 5,750 (0.5%) also had IBD. The group with COVID-19 and IBD had higher percentages of females and White individuals and a greater prevalence of chronic lung disease, peripheral vascular disease, and liver disease...

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is quite rare, and to our knowledge, very few cases have been reported in the literature. The exact pathogenesis of the disease is unestablished; however, it is mostly reported to be associated with hepatic cyst, Caroli's disease, hepatolithiasis, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatic teratoma. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with no prior medical history initially, who presented with postprandial epigastric and right upper quadrant pain that continued to worsen and was associated with early satiety, nausea, and weight loss of 25 pounds over 2 months, which prompted further evaluation by her primary care physician...

Mucormycosis is a devastating fungal infection that is usually seen in immunocompromised hosts. It is caused by fungi of the subphylum Mucoromycotina , order Mucorales , with most cases caused by Mucor , Rhizopus , or Rhizomucor species. It can involve any organ system and can disseminate in severe cases. Lately, there has been an increased number of reports for mucormycosis infection in immunocompetent patients. Gastrointestinal system involvement is rare compared to other organ systems but has been increasingly reported in the literature...

BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant healthcare-associated infection with implications for patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. However, the connection between CDI and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and its influence on patient outcomes remain uncertain. This study aimed to examine the association between CDI and COVID-19, specifically investigating whether CDI worsens outcomes in patients with COVID-19. By utilizing the extensive National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database and analyzing pertinent factors, this research endeavored to enhance our understanding of CDI within the context of COVID-19...

BACKGROUND: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection suffer from alterations in gut microbiota due to recurrent gastrointestinal infections and systemic inflammation. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) appears to be a potential therapy; however, there are concerns about its safety. Likewise, no previous meta-analysis evaluated FMT efficacy in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: We conducted a thorough electronic search on PubMed, Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL for clinical studies assessing the safety and efficacy of FMT in patients with HIV and gastrointestinal dysbiosis, where FMT was indicated to restore the disrupted microbiota...

BACKGROUND: The management of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is complex and spans multiple medical specialties. As a result of this complexity, patients with CHB often do not receive adequate monitoring including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance with abdominal ultrasonography. Previous studies have identified multiple factors associated with decreased HCC surveillance. We aimed to identify the impact of race and sex on HCC surveillance in patients with CHB. METHODS: We performed a single health system chart review between January 2018 and January 2022...

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator, pemafibrate, significantly reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and significantly increased serum albumin levels at 3, 6 and 12 months after the start of pemafibrate, with an improvement of atherogenic dyslipidemia, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS: We performed a post hoc analysis of our previous data obtained from patients with hypertriglyceridemia who had been prescribed pemafibrate continuously for 1 year or longer...

BACKGROUND: The United States faces a significant public health issue with colorectal cancer (CRC), which remains the third leading cause of cancer-related fatalities despite early diagnosis and treatment progress. METHODS: This investigation utilized death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to investigate trends in CRC mortality and location of death from 1999 to 2020...

BACKGROUND: Recently, the effects of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection on the prognosis of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) are still unclear. The aim of our study was to discuss the role of H. pylori infection on the prognosis of CAG by inducing the M1/M2 macrophage polarization. METHODS: A total of 180 subjects as control (group 1), CAG patients without H. pylori infection (group 2) and H. pylori -associated CAG patients (group 3) were respectively recruited for this cross-sectional investigation in Daqing Oilfield General Hospital from May 2019 to July 2020...

We describe a case of coma-related hyperammonemia in a woman presenting with severe edematous malnutrition (Kwashiorkor-like), without underlying hepatic disease. Our main hypothesis is that the patient developed a functional urea cycle disorder, due to the inability to synthesize N-acetylglutamate which is the activator of the first enzymes (carbamoyl phosphate synthetase) of urea cycle, in a context of severe deficiency of essential amino acids and of acetyl-CoA. Severe hyperammonemia is a medical emergency exposing to the risk of cerebral edema...

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to significant mortality and morbidity in the United States. The burden of COVID-19 was not limited to the respiratory tract alone but had significant extrapulmonary manifestations. We decided to examine the causes, predictors, and outcomes of gastrointestinal (GI)-related causes of 30-day readmission following index COVID-19 hospitalization. METHODS: We used the National Readmission Database (NRD) from 2020 to identify hospitalizations among adults with principal diagnosis of COVID-19...

BACKGROUND: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) represents the most common serious complication after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and pancreatic duct stenting (PDS) are the prophylactic interventions with more evidence and efficacy; however, PEP still represents a significant source of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Chronic statin use has been proposed as a prophylactic method that could be cheap and relatively safe...

Intestinal parasites include intestinal protozoa and intestinal helminths. Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) pose a global health problem affecting over one billion people worldwide. Although these infections are predominantly seen in the developing world, they are frequently seen in the developed countries, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Patients' clinical presentations generally include diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, nutritional deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, anal and perianal itching, and rarely intestinal obstruction...

Pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) are relatively rare but often fatal if left untreated. Antibiotic therapy combined with percutaneous procedures has replaced surgery as the cornerstone of treatment. However, open surgical drainage or liver resection may be a last resort. This study aimed to review our experience in treating PLA, with a focus on the conditions requiring partial liver resection as the last viable curative option. Medical records of patients with PLA admitted to Jordan Hospital between October 2014 through October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed...

BACKGROUND: There have been reports of increased upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Still, only a few studies have examined the mortality rate associated with UGIB in the United States before and during COVID-19. Hereby, we explored the trends of UGIB mortality in the United States before and during COVID-19. The study's objective was to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted UGIB mortality rates in the USA...

BACKGROUND: Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a rapidly emerging minimally invasive procedure for management of achalasia. Same-day discharge after POEM is safe and feasible; however, some patients may need hospitalization. We aimed to identify characteristics and outcomes for achalasia patients requiring hospitalizations after POEM in the United States (US). METHODS: The US National Inpatient Sample was utilized to identify all adult achalasia patients who were admitted after POEM from 2016 to 2019...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.14740/gr1490.].

The aim of the present study was to report different sites of thrombotic events during and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a 49-year-old patient who had acute mesenteric infarction in acute phase, stroke 2 months after and pulmonary thromboembolism 4 months after infection by COVID-19. The obese, previously healthy patient experienced myalgia and headache with subfebrile peaks and was tested positive for COVID-19 with a fast polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Ten days after the onset of symptoms, the patient was submitted to exploratory laparotomy, which revealed 20 cm of small intestine loop with signs of suffering and thickening of the wall approximately 120 cm from the ileocecal valve...