Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada

This corrigendum is being published to remove two bullets from a definition in the following article: Heber A, Testa V, Groll D, Ritchie K, Tam-Seto L, Mulligan A, Sullo E, Schick A, Bose E, Jabbari Y, Lopes J, Carleton RN. Glossary of terms: A shared understanding of the common terms used to describe psychological trauma, version 3.0. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2023;43(10/11). https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.09.

INTRODUCTION: Research characterizing substance use disparities between gender minority youth (GMY) and non-GMY (i.e. girls and boys) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in substance use behaviours among gender identity (GI) groups and identify associated risk and protective factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from Canadian secondary school students (n = 42 107) that participated in Year 8 (2019/20) or Year 9 (2020/21) of the COMPASS study were used...

INTRODUCTION: Long-term availability of health-promoting interventions (HPIs) in school settings can translate into health benefits for children. However, little is known about factors associated with HPI institutionalization in schools. In this study, we identified correlates of the institutionalization of HPIs offered in elementary schools in Quebec, Canada. METHODS: In two-part, structured telephone interviews over three academic years (2016-2019), elementary school principals (or their designees) throughout Quebec identified an index HPI offered at least once in their school during the previous three years, and were asked whether it was institutionalized (i...

INTRODUCTION: Indigenous people in Canada encounter negative treatment when accessing primary health care (PHC). Despite several qualitative accounts of these experiences, there still has not been a qualitative review conducted on this topic. In this qualitative systematic review, we aimed to explore Indigenous people's experiences in Canada with PHC services, determine urban versus rural or remote differences and identify recommendations for quality improvement. METHODS: This review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence...

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated health inequities worldwide. Research conducted in Canada shows that Black populations were disproportionately exposed to COVID-19 and more likely than other ethnoracial groups to be infected and hospitalized. This scoping review sought to map out the nature and extent of current research on COVID-19 among Black people in Canada. METHODS: Following a five-stage methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews, studies exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people in Canada, published up to May 2023, were retrieved through a systematic search of seven databases...

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic intensified the impact of risk factors for adolescent mental health, including financial worry. Social support has shown to protect from negative mental health during times of stress. We examined the effect of financial worry on changes in anxiety and depression symptoms among Canadian adolescents prior to and during the pandemic, and assessed whether social support from family and friends moderated any changes. METHODS: We analyzed 2-year linked data from the 2018/19 (pre-pandemic) and 2020/21 (during-pandemic) waves of the COMPASS study, with reports from 12 995 Canadian secondary school students...

INTRODUCTION: Limited research exists on substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs) in older adults (≥60 years) in Canada. This study aims to examine and describe the sociodemographic characteristics, health histories and circumstances of death for accidental ATDs among older adults. METHODS: Following a retrospective descriptive analysis of all coroner and medical examiner files on accidental substance-related ATDs in older adults in Canada from 2016 to 2017, proportions and mortality rates for coroner and medical examiner data were compared with general population data on older adults from the 2016 Census...

INTRODUCTION: Substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs) are a public health crisis in Canada. Youth are often at higher risk for substance use due to social, environmental and structural factors. The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of youth (aged 12-24 years) dying of accidental acute toxicity in Canada and examine the substances contributing to and circumstances surrounding youth ATDs. METHODS: Data from a national chart review study of coroner and medical examiner data on ATDs that occurred in Canada between 2016 and 2017 were used to conduct descriptive analyses with proportions, mortality rates and proportionate mortality rates...

The collection of articles in this theme series of the journal presents results from a national chart review study of the death investigation files of people who died of acute toxicity in Canada between 2016 and 2017. This study endeavoured to better understand the characteristics of the people who died, the circumstances of their deaths and the substances involved. While information about the study and some of its findings have previously been published, we would like to share more about how the study came to be, the people involved and the value of collaborative efforts between coroners, medical examiners and public health practitioners...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Amid the widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a notable increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression has become a pressing concern. This study examined the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in Canada from September to December 2020, assessing demographic and socioeconomic influences, as well as the potential role of COVID-19 diagnoses and related negative experiences. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health by Statistics Canada, which used a two-stage sample design to gather responses from 14 689 adults across ten provinces and three territorial capitals, excluding less than 2% of the population...

INTRODUCTION: Regular physical activity is associated with a wide range of health benefits in youth. While previous studies have identified disparities in physical activity among youth by gender identity and sexual attraction, these have seldom been explored in Canadian youth. METHODS: Data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth were used to assess prevalence of and time spent in organized sports participation, total physical activity and active transportation by gender identity (non-cisgender vs...

INTRODUCTION: Youth media guidelines in Canada and the United States recommend that bedrooms should remain screen-free zones. This study aims to verify whether bedroom screens at age 12 years prospectively predict academic and social impairment by age 17 years. METHODS: Participants were from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort (661 girls and 686 boys). Linear regression analyses estimated associations between having a bedroom screen (television or computer) at age 12 years and selfreported overall grades, dropout risk, prosocial behaviour and likelihood of having experienced a dating relationship in the past 12 months at age 17 years, while adjusting for potential individual and family confounding factors...

INTRODUCTION: The perceived mental health of individuals in Canada who faced health care barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic is underexplored. METHODS: We analyzed data collected March to June 2021 from adults who reported needing health care services within the past 12 months in the Survey on Access to Health Care and Pharmaceuticals during the Pandemic. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses examined the associations between health care barriers (appointment scheduling problems, delaying contacting health care) and high self-rated mental health and perceived worsening mental health compared to before the pandemic, overall and stratified by gender, age group, number of chronic health conditions and household income tertile...

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the prevalence of functional difficulties and associated factors in Canadian children/youth aged 5 to 17 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (CHSCY), a nationally representative survey of Canadian children/youth that used the Washington Group Short Set on Functioning (WG-SS) to evaluate functioning in six daily tasks. For each functional domain, binary outcomes were derived (no/some difficulty, a lot of difficulty/no ability)...

INTRODUCTION: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are novel tobacco products that may appeal to youth. This study explored whether HTP retailer proximity and density to secondary schools were associated with youth use of HTPs in four Canadian provinces. METHODS: An online search between November 2020 and March 2021 identified retailers selling IQOS devices and HEETS (tobacco sticks used in IQOS) within 500 m, 1000 m and 1500 m radius circular buffer zones around high schools (N = 120) participating in the COMPASS study in 2020-2021...

INTRODUCTION: Previous research has suggested that how physicians are paid may affect the completeness of billing claims for estimating chronic disease. The purpose of this study is to estimate the completeness of physician billings for diabetes case ascertainment. METHODS: We used administrative data from eight Canadian provinces covering the period 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2016. The patient cohort was stratified into two mutually exclusive groups based on their physician remuneration type: fee-for-service (FFS), for those paid only on that basis; and non-fee-for-service (NFFS)...

INTRODUCTION: Young adult drinking is a public health priority, but knowledge of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and alcohol use among emerging adults (EAs; aged 18-29 years) is primarily informed by college samples, populations in their late teens and early twenties and non-Canadian data. We compared the association of three different SES indicators with monthly heavy episodic drinking (HED), less-than-monthly HED, no HED, and no drinking among Canadian EAs. METHODS: We pooled the 2015 to 2019 waves of the Canadian Community Health Survey to include participants aged 18 to 29 years (n = 29 598)...

INTRODUCTION: We analyzed the bio-food industry's corporate political activity (CPA) during the revisions of Canada's food guide between 2016 and 2019. METHODS: We undertook a content analysis of the websites of 11 bio-food industry organizations and of the briefs that 10 of them submitted to the Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Health, as part of this Committee's review of the food guide. Data were classified according to an existing conceptual framework...