Journal of Renal Injury Prevention

INTRODUCTION: Lactulose is a prebiotic with bifidogenic and urea reduction effects. It can improve Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli counts in healthy humans and it may possibly have similar effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of lactulose on fecal microflora of patients with CKD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with stages 3 and 4 of CKD (43.8% male with mean age of 58.09±12...

INTRODUCTION: Assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an important tool for monitoring renal function. OBJECTIVES: Regarding to limitations in available methods, we intended to calculate GFR by cystatin C (Cys C) based formulas and determine correlation rate of them with current methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 72 children (38 boys and 34 girls) with renal disorders. The 24 hour urinary creatinine (Cr) clearance was the gold standard method...

INTRODUCTION: Hemodialysis (HD) has impact on the cardiovascular system by inducing changes in the characteristics of body fluids such as PH, temperature and electrolyte concentrations. In the previous studies, prolongation of the QT interval and increase of QT dispersion have been reported during HD sessions. These changes were more significant while using solutions with less potassium and higher bicarbonate during dialysis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different potassium and bicarbonate concentrations on electrocardiography (ECG) parameters and the electrochemical balance of cell membranes...

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is associated with higher rates of caries, on the other hand some studies have shown that renal failure can be protective against dental caries. OBJECTIVES: In this study we compared oral Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans between diabetic dialysis and non-diabetic dialysis patients and the normal population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During November 2014 to January 2014, 85 people that referred to our medical care center entered the study...

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection is the most common genitourinary disease in children so about 40% of the children with urinary tract infection suffering from reflux that caused some consequences such as pyelonephritis and kidney parenchymal injury. OBJECTIVES: This research was conducted to compare the timing of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in children with urinary tract infection in first week and after the first week of urinary tract infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This research is a case-control study that both case and control groups include 208 children from 1 month to 12 years old with the complain of urinary tract infection...

BACKGROUND: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury may be related to activity of reninangiotensin system (RAS), which is gender-related. In this study, it was attempted to compare the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor type 1 (AT1R) blockade; losartan in I/R injury in male and female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male and female Wistar rats were assigned as sham surgery, control I/R groups treated with vehicle, and case I/R groups treated with losartan (30 mg/kg)...

INTRODUCTION: Folic acid and vitamin B12, alone or in combination have been used to reduce homocysteine (Hcy) levels in dialysis patients. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the efficacy of high doses of oral folate and vitamin B12 in reducing plasma Hcy levels after a 12-week treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two dialysis patients aged 10-324 months screened for hyperhomocysteinuria. Then cases with hyperhomocysteinemia received oral folate 10 mg/day with sublingual methylcobalamin 1 mg/day for 12 weeks...

INTRODUCTION: Kidney stones are the third most common urinary tract problems after urinary tract infections and prostate pathology. Kidney stones may cause extreme pain and blockage of urine flow. They are usually treated with medications that may cause a number of side-effects. Medicinal herbs are used in different cultures as a reliable source of natural remedies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine native medicinal plants used by traditional healers of Shiraz for the treatment of kidney stones...

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is very high in human societies and their prevention and treatment are the most important priority in many countries. Hypertension makes an important contribution to the development of CVDs. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to collect the ethno-medicinal knowledge of the traditional healers of Shiraz on medicinal plants used in the treatment of hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethno-medicinal data were collected from September 2012 to July 2013 through direct interview...

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is one of the traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Extra cellular volume expansion and Na retention remain the main cause of hypertension. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between concentration of Na dialysate and blood pressure (BP) in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 266 adult patients undergoing HD for at least three months...

INTRODUCTION: For diagnosing of specific types of bone lesions in hemodialysis (HD) patients, it is necessary to conduct a bone biopsy as the gold standard method. However, it is an invasive procedure. While different markers have been suggested as alternative methods, none of them has been selected. The frequency of hip fractures is 80 fold in HD patients who have two-fold mortality as compared with general population. OBJECTIVES: Recently, serum leptin has been suggested as a bone density marker...

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in children that can be associated with renal parenchymal injuries and late scars. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan is known as golden standard for detecting acute pyelonephritis (APN) that has a lot of difficulties and limitations. OBJECTIVES: we designed this study the accuracy of one inflammatory marker, serum procalcitonin (PCT) to identify as an early predictor of renal injuries...

INTRODUCTION: Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is found as a bone derived hormone which can influence the serum levels of parathormone, phosphorous and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D. FGF23 may be a cardiovascular biomarker in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While, FGF23 is inversely correlated with serum adiponectin level, thus it is possible that FGF23 is correlated to fat mass and related to dyslipidemia in CKD. OBJECTIVES: In this investigation, we studied the association of serum levels of FGF23 with serum lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), and various cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD...

INTRODUCTION: Graft function early after kidney transplantation is an important parameter in determining the outcome of operation. Urinary and plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a member of the lipocalin protein family, has been advocated as a sensitive, early biomarker for predicting early renal graft after transplantation. The functions of NGAL appears to be expressed in stress conditions and in tissues undergoing involution. It rapidly accumulates in the kidney tubules and urine after nephrotoxic and ischemic insults...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular events are the major cause of death in patients with chronic renal failure. About half of dialysis patients because of reduced phosphorus clearance have hyperphosphatemia. Hyperphosphatemia and following secondary hyperparathyroidism lead to some cardiovascular changes. Hemodialysis (HD) partly removes phosphorus during each dialysis session. OBJECTIVES: Presented study was designed to evaluate dialyzer variation effect on phosphorus level as a prognostic factor after dialysis using...

INTRODUCTION: The restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a neurologic disorder suffering the hemodialysis patients. Although the pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unknown yet, an investigation of the parameters pertinent to it may help to develop the related medical knowledge and to improve the therapeutic-care interventions in this regard. OBJECTIVES: The correlation between the RLSs on individual, clinical, and laboratory indices in patients undergoing hemodialysis...

INTRODUCTION: It is known that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common problem among kidney transplant patients. This infection can be increased morbidity and decreased graft survival. This problem has been associated with acute rejection too. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty renal transplant patients were included in a prospective, case-control study. The renal transplant patients were divided into two groups; patients group with CMV infection and control group without CMV infection...

INTRODUCTION: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic regulator with multiple beneficial effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the serum level of FGF21 with and metabolic syndrome (MS) in kidney transplant recipients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study on 86 stable renal transplant recipients to detect possible relation between serum FGF21 level and MS during October 2014 and Mach 2015...

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of the chronic kidney disease in the world. Oxidative stress on the other hand has a major and well known role in its pathophysiology. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to figure out if tempol, a synthetic antioxidant agent, modifies DN and to determine its relevance to changes of serum oxidative biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven male rats were equally divided in to 4 groups (7 rats for each group)...

INTRODUCTION: Gastroenteritis (GE) is one of the most common pediatric diseases. Hyponatremia commonly occurs by administering hypotonic fluids to GE and hospitalized children. Yet, there is no consensus on the ideal method of treatment. OBJECTIVES: we aimed to assess suitable intravenous (IV) fluid for preventing dysnatremia in children with GE. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a double blind randomized clinical trial, which was conducted on infants of 6 months up to 14 years children with GE...