Journal of Renal Injury Prevention

INTRODUCTION: Data regarding prognostic factors of post-discharge mortality and adverse renal function outcome in acute kidney injury (AKI) hospital survivors are scarce and controversial. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify predictors of post-discharge mortality and adverse renal function outcome in AKI hospital survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 84 AKI hospital survivors admitted to the tertiary medical center during 2-year period...

INTRODUCTION: Recent evidence suggests that preterm birth is a possible risk factor for high blood pressure (BP) in later life. The most widely quoted blood pressure centiles for very low birth weight (VLBW, ≤1500 g birth weight) infants at corrected term gestation is based on a cohort with mostly late preterm or term infants (Zubrow curves). OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical utility of the Zubrow curves in diagnosis of hypertension in VLBW infants at their term corrected gestational age (CGA)...

A 58-year-old male presented with fever, nausea, and vomiting since 15 days along with irritability and confusion since 5 days. His laboratory reports showed low serum sodium, serum osmolality and uric acid. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of brain revealed age-related changes. While on lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, CSF protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total leukocyte count (predominant lymphocytes) were all increased. On his 14th day of admission, his serum sodium was 116 mEq/l and he had a high urine output...

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a gastric mucosal lesion complicating portal hypertension, with higher prevalence in decompensated cirrhosis. PHG can sometimes complicate autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) due to the presence of multiple liver cysts. Besides, PHG is known to present as chest pain, with or without hematemesis. Other causes of chest pain in ADPKD include referred chest pain from progressively enlarging kidney cysts, and rare pericardial cysts. Chest pain, especially if pleuritic, in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, is often ascribed to uremic pericarditis...

BACKGROUND: Approximately one-third of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus will eventually develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). Impaired renal function in type 2 diabetics may also be secondary to non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). NDRD in type 2 diabetics may occur alone in the absence of DN or may be superimposed on DN. Renal biopsy maybe indicated to establish the correct diagnosis and to ascertain the severity of glomerular and tubulointerstitial pathology. CASE: We report a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic renal insufficiency who developed worsening of renal function in the setting of staphylococcal infection and antibiotic use...

INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing hemodialysis require direct and continuous care. Identifying the barriers to and factors facilitating hemodialysis care can improve care quality. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the barriers and facilitators of care for hemodialysis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted as a qualitative study and it utilized content analysis approach. The study was performed in hemodialysis ward of Kowsar hospital in Semnan, in 2014...

INTRODUCTION: According to the non-specific presentation of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS), this disease is usually an under-diagnosed in clinical conditions. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the presence study was to evaluate the prevalence of renal artery stenosis (RAS) and its related risk factors in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, between March 2009 and October 2010, all of hypertensive patients candidate for diagnostic cardiac catheterization, underwent nonselective renal angiography before completion of their coronary angiography procedure...

INTRODUCTION: Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated in renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the role of S-methylisothiourea (SMT) as selective inhibitor iNOS in renal IRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were subjected to 45 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia by occlusion of renal vessels of both kidney followed by 24 hours of reperfusion...

INTRODUCTION: The use of a simple and accurate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating method aiming minute assessment of renal function can be of great clinical importance. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the association of a GFR estimating by equation that includes only cystatin C (Gentian equation) to equation that include only creatinine (Schwartz equation) among children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 31 children aged from 1 day to 5 years with the final diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis referred to Besat hospital in Hamadan, between March 2010 and February 2011 were consecutively enrolled...

INTRODUCTION: Although contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a well-known complication of radiocontrast media administration among patients with underlying renal insufficiency, however the data about CIN among patients with normal renal function are few and it seems that CIN often remained under-diagnosed among these patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of present study was evaluation of CIN in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with normal renal function undergoing coronary angiography...

INTRODUCTION: There is no information in literature specifically on the prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis/drug induced acute kidney injury (AKI) from Pakistan. OBJECTIVES: We aim to report a series of cases from patients developing AKI after exposure to some medications or finding of interstitial nephritis on histopathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is an observational study of patients identified as having AKI after exposure to medications...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to detect echocardiographic abnormality in the beginning and after 12-month follow-up in the hemodialysis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 60 hemodialysis patients older than 18 years and the dialysis duration longer than three months were enrolled. At the beginning of the study, echocardiography was done and after 12 months was repeated in all of the patients by the same cardiologist...

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has now emerged as a viable treatment option for high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) who are not suitable candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Despite encouraging published outcomes, acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and lowers the survival of patients after TAVR. The pathogenesis of AKI after TAVR is multifactorial including TAVR specific factors such as the use of contrast agents, hypotension during rapid pacing, and embolization; preventive measures may include pre-procedural hydration, limitation of contrast dye exposure, and avoidance of intraprocedural hypotension...

INTRODUCTION: BK virus associated allograft nephropathy (BKVAN) is an important cause of allograft lost that often occurs in the first year of transplantation. The state of over immunosuppression also predispose these patients to various opportunistic viral infection Objectives: This research aimed to study the renal transplanted patients for BK viremia and BKVAN. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This observational study was conducted between January 2013 to December 2014 to study the renal transplanted patients for BK viremia and BKVAN...

INTRODUCTION: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a serious complication of renal transplantation and is mostly related to the prothrombotic effect of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). A subset of TMA (29%-38%) is localized only to the graft. Case 1: A young woman suffering from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) underwent kidney transplant. After 2 months, she showed slow renal deterioration (serum creatinine from 1.9 to 3.1 mg/dl), without hematological signs of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS); only LDH enzyme transient increase was detected...

INTRODUCTION: More studies are needed to examine whether race moderates the effect of baseline depressive symptoms on cause-specific mortality including deaths due to renal diseases in the United States. OBJECTIVES: The present longitudinal study compared Blacks and Whites for the effect of baseline depressive symptoms on deaths due to renal diseases over a 25-year period in a nationally representative community sample. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data came from the Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study, a nationally representative cohort that followed 3361 Black (n = 1156) or White (n = 2205) adults 25 and older for up to 25 years from 1986 to 2011...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may be significantly associated with congenital malformations. However, there is little evidence on the relationship between renal and urinary tract anomalies and CH. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the renal and upper urinary tract anomalies in children with and without primary CH (PCH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 200 children aged 3 months to 1 year, referring to Amir-Kabir hospital, Arak, Iran...

INTRODUCTION: Hypercalciuria may be a sign of over active bladder, these symptoms may be treated if we get rid of hypercalciuria. OBJECTIVES: This paper is intended to get to the prevalence of hypercalciuria in girl kids with over active bladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with index of over active urinary bladder who admitted to Amir-Kabir hospital of Arak and children who have admitted without any particular disease just for a laboratory check were studied simultaneously...

INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in nephro-urological practice. Its incidence, prevalence and etiology vary widely, mainly due to variations in the definitions of AKI. OBJECTIVES: We aim to report the spectrum of glomerular diseases presenting as AKI at a kidney referral center in Pakistan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational cohort of patients identified as having AKI which was defined according to RIFLE criteria, with normal size, non-obstructed kidneys on ultrasonography, along with active urine sediment, edema and new onset hypertension...

INTRODUCTION: Intravenous contrast agents can cause acute decline in kidney function, especially in patients with risk factors. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to examine the ameliorative effect N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to reduce the incidence of contrast nephropathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial on 150 patients who underwent coronary angiography. The study was carried out on patients undergoing coronary angiography...