Applied Neuropsychology. Child

This study examines functional brain network changes in children with frontal lobe tumors (FLT). Ten pediatric FLT patients from Beijing Tiantan Hospital and 20 healthy children were compared in terms of cognitive performance and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) connectivity. The FLT group showed lower cognitive performance, particularly in visual and working memory domains, but had comparable attention abilities to the healthy controls. There were notable differences in connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor network (SMN) in both groups...

OBJECTIVE: This document is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of cognitive training interventions on attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from the inception of each database to April 28, 2022. Data were analyzed using Stata 15 software. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using five domains from the Cochrane Collaborations tool...

The neurodevelopmental disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), frequently affecting youngsters, is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, the etiology of which may involve a variety of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures the electrical activity in the brain through neuronal activity, which is a function of cognitive processes. In this study, a previously recorded sample set of 121 children containing unbiased data from both ADHD and control group classes and EEG signals were analyzed to classify the ADHD patients...

Referral sources and parents value the report following a neuropsychological evaluation. Nevertheless, key stakeholders have described pediatric reports as excessive in length and jargon. Recent research indicates that it is possible to modify pediatric neuropsychological reports that result in positive outcomes for key stakeholders and clinicians. Evaluating modified pediatric neuropsychological reports for other providers is necessary. School psychologists are key stakeholders who read and interact with such reports...

This study examines the effectiveness of a program based on mental imagery on improvement working memory in children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in inclusion classroom. 30 children (both sexes; 20 boys and 10 girls) with ASD aged 7-8 years old in primary one from school for inclusion were recruited. T-tests analyses were performed to determine whether there were differences between pretest and posttest measures for both the intervention and control groups. Quantitative data obtained at the beginning and end of the experimental process were analyzed in the SPSS 23...

INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI) is estimated at 0,2-0,3% cases annually. Following a mTBI, some children experience persistent symptoms, and functional connectivity(FC) changes may be implicated. However, characteristics of FC have not been widely described in this population. This scoping review aimed to identify and understand the impacts of mTBI on EEG-measured FC in children, provide an overview of the available literature, detail analysis techniques, and describe gaps in the research...

The aim of this two-year longitudinal study was to investigate whether deficits in executive functions (EF) predict impaired everyday functioning after two years in children and adolescents with ADHD. A sample of 135 participants with and without ADHD were assessed with neuropsychological tests of EF and parent ratings of everyday functioning with the Child Behavior Checklist at baseline (Mage = 11.6, SD = 2.0), and after two years (Mage = 13.6, SD = 2.1). Results showed that ADHD symptoms and impaired EF at baseline predicted lower educational functioning when controlling for general cognitive ability (i...

Due to the lack of appropriate developmental language tests in the Azerbaijani-Turkish language, the present study aimed to develop the Azerbaijani-Turkish grammar comprehension test (ATGCT) for children aged 4-6 years and determine its validity and reliability. This study was conducted in three phases. First, the target grammatical structures were extracted during the item generation phase. Second, item reduction and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. The content validity index (CVI) was determined after designing the items...

This pilot study aimed to identify quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) biomarkers for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We examined whether qEEG power correlates with the behavioral symptoms. We included 89 children with ADHD and 77 healthy children as a control group. We conducted EEG spectral analysis in the eyes-closed and eyes-opened conditions and compared the findings with a normative database (Human Brain Index). We measured behavioral parameters by using scales proposed by Barkley...

This study aimed to examine emotion dysregulation and internalizing disorders mediating the relationship between selective and sustained attention and loneliness preference in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS). This study included 176 children and adolescents between ages 8 and 12. The solitude scale for children, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Child Behavior Checklist, Barkley Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, and CNS Vital Signs test were used...

This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pragmatic language interventions and existing competing views in improving pragmatic language skills in persons with pragmatic language impairment (PLI). A comprehensive search was conducted to identify qualitative and quantitative systematic reviews that included diagnostic criteria, features, development and course, risk and prognostic factors, differential diagnosis of PLI, and existing interventions, views, and arguments to improve the pragmatic language abilities/skills of persons with PLI...

While the survival rate of very preterm (VPT) infants has increased in the last decades, they are still at risk of developing long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, especially regarding self-regulatory abilities, and goal-directed behaviors. These skills rely on executive functions (EFs), an umbrella term encompassing the core capacities for inhibition, shifting, and working memory. Existing comprehensive tests are time-consuming and therefore not suitable for all pediatric neuropsychological assessments...

Parent questionnaires pertaining to executive and emotional/behavioral functioning are routinely included in neuropsychological evaluations to complement face-to-face cognitive tests. We evaluated in a clinical sample of 198 6-16 year-old children the degree of overlap and divergence between two common parent rating scales: the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Third Edition (BASC-3) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Second Edition (BRIEF-2). This sample was 66% male, 70% white, and included both neurological diagnoses (e...

This study reviews the crucial role of language in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis and assessment in Saudi Arabia. Using tailored search strings, 206 relevant documents were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. An increasing trend in ASD research in Saudi Arabia was observed through temporal analysis. Keyword analysis identified key themes including "autism," "language," "assessment," "diagnosis," "Saudi Arabia," and "children." The focus of research has shifted over the years, from pure clinical and diagnostic aspects to a more comprehensive approach that includes language and cultural factors in ASD evaluation...

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a collective name for lifelong physical and neurodevelopmental problems caused by the gestational consumption of alcohol affecting fetal development. In Brazil, the lack of awareness among healthcare professionals, and the scarcity of suitable diagnostic tools and trained clinicians, can contribute to the underestimation of FASD prevalence and severity. The present review aims to map and analyze studies conducted in Brazil on children and adolescents with FASD or a history of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE)...

Arachnoid Cysts (AC) are benign lesions containing cerebrospinal fluid, and although most of them are asymptomatic, they can cause neurological symptoms like headaches, seizures, and neuropsychiatric problems. The aim of this study was to asses and document co-morbid psychiatric disorders in children with AC aged between 6 and 17. Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Second Edition (WASI-II), a clinical measure used to assess the intelligence quotient (IQ) scores of the patients, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL; semi-structured interview) was used to assess psychiatric disorders among the patients...

Memory difficulties have been identified in youth with neurodevelopmental conditions including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) is a newer memory measure with a burgeoning research base. This study seeks to explore memory performance on the Lists and Objects subtests of the ChAMP in a clinical sample of those with ASD with/without co-occurring ADHD. Participants were 146 youth referred for a neuropsychological evaluation (M age = 11...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often exhibit impairments in inhibitory control, which can impact their cognitive functioning. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Infra-Low Frequency (ILF) neurofeedback in improving inhibitory control among high-functioning adolescents with ASD. METHODS: A single-blind, two-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted with 24 adolescents with ASD randomly divided into two groups (active and sham; n  = 12 per group)...

Many developmental skills are related to children's school readiness in the early years, and these skills are essential for later achievement. Some of these skills include sensory processing, motor and visual perceptual skills, and executive functions. To date, limited research has examined these skills associated with school readiness. This study investigated the relationship between sensory processing, motor and visual perceptual skills, and executive functions, and school readiness in kindergarten children...

This study explores the relationship between executive functions (EF) and activities of daily living in children with specific learning disorder (SLD). Thirty SLD children (14 females and 16 males) and thirty typically developing (TD) children (13 females and 17 males) aged 8 to 11 years were selected from learning disabilities schools and centers as well as public schools in Tehran, Iran. The mean age for the TD group was 9.67 ± 0.82 and for the SLD group was 9.5 ± 0...