Frontiers in Oncology

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract, with the potential to metastasize. Metastases to bone and soft tissue are more frequent in advanced cases, where targeted therapy is the standard treatment. However, around 10-15% of patients develop disease progression despite treatment. Studies have shown the efficacy of ablation in managing bone and soft tissue metastases (1, 2), but there are no reports of ablation for treating GIST bone or soft tissue metastases...

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to investigate whether the stem cell marker LGR6 has prognostic value in colon cancer, alone or in combination with the prognostic biomarkers CEA and CXCL16. METHODS: LGR6 mRNA levels were determined in 370 half lymph nodes of 121 colon cancer patients. Ability to predict relapse after curative surgery was estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival model and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Patients with high LGR6 levels [LGR6(+)] had a decreased mean survival time of 11 months at 5-year follow-up and 47 months at 12-year follow-up, respectively, with hazard ratios of 3...

Cancer treatment is associated with long lasting cognitive impairment in cancer survivors. This cognitive impairment is often termed cancer related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Cancer survivors treated for tumors outside the central nervous system are increasingly diagnosed with CRCI. The development of strategies to mitigate the negative effects of cancer treatment on the brain are crucial. Although neuroimaging research has proposed several candidate mechanisms, the pathogenic underpinnings of CRCI remain uncertain...

OBJECTIVE: Despite the lack of prospective evidence for the perioperative use of dexamethasone in meningioma surgery, its use is well established in the daily routine of several centers. The present study evaluates the effect of dexamethasone on postoperative complications, peritumoral T2/FLAIR hyperintensity, and progression-free survival in patients with supratentorial meningiomas undergoing resection. METHODS: A total of 148 patients who underwent resection of a primary sporadic supratentorial meningioma at the authors' institution between 2018 and 2020 were included in this retrospective cohort...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00033.].

UNLABELLED: The progression pattern of tumors has an impact on the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been applied in the design of clinical trials for multiple second-line drugs. Previous research results have been contradictory, and the clinical impact of different progression patterns and their role in survival are still in question. PURPOSE: The study aims to analyze the impact of different progression patterns and tumor burden size on survival of HCC patients, as well as their interactions, through a retrospective cohort study...

Scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma (S-HCC) represents an uncommon subtype of HCC. During radiological evaluation this unique subtype is frequently mistaken as cholangiocarcinoma, fibrolamellar HCC, or metastatic adenocarcinoma. Here, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman with a large hepatic mass. A triple-phase computed tomography of the liver revealed an arterial enhancing lesion without portovenous washout at hepatic segment 4a/8. The liver biopsy showed hepatocellular characteristics and was positive for Hep Par 1, CK7, CK19, Arginase 1 and CEA, indicating atypical S-HCC...

INTRODUCTION: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is present in high amounts in salivary glands, but it is unclear whether labeled binders of PSMA are excreted in the saliva. METHODS: Ten patients with prostate cancer underwent whole-body [18 F]DCFPyL PET/CT (NCT03181867), and saliva samples were collected between 0-120 minutes post-injection. [18 F]DCFPyL salivary excretion was measured over 120 minutes and expressed as %ID/g. Protein-associated binding was estimated by the percentage of [18 F]DCFPyL versus parent radiotracer...

This case describes the benefits of perioperative chemo-immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer and incomplete pyloric obstruction, supplemented with nutritional support. Early parenteral nutrition to stabilize nutritional status and mitigate nutrition impact symptoms, and in addition, throughout the chemo-immunotherapy perioperative period also maintained oral nutrition support and a tailored dietary plan. Above nutritional support maintained the patient's physical condition during immunotherapy. Eventually, this combination therapy plan leads to a partial response...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal tumor, with lung, bone, and liver being the primary sites of metastasis. Thyroid metastasis, on the other hand, is relatively uncommon. Metastatic tumors in the thyroid gland typically manifest as multiple or isolated nodules, which can be easily overlooked due to the lack of specific clinical and imaging features. However, the identification of thyroid metastasis suggests the presence of systemic metastasis and is indicative of a poor prognosis for patients...

Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (G-EAC) represents a rare variant of cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma that is typically unrelated to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. G-EAC exhibits highly atypical clinical presentations and characteristics, and aggressive biological behavior often leads to challenges in timely diagnosis. Here, we present a case study involving a 74-year-old Chinese woman who experienced urinary incontinence for one month. Biopsy pathology confirmed the diagnosis of G-EAC, revealing stage IVa by imaging examinations...

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of long-lasting comorbidities makes cancer management and treatment challenging because of their overlapping poor prognosis. However, there are no data that show the burden of these chronic cases in patients with cancer in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden of and the factors associated with chronic disease comorbidity among cancer patients in the eastern part of Ethiopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 patients with cancer admitted to the only cancer treatment center in eastern Ethiopia...

ABSTRACT: Routine use of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines is recommended in adolescents under 15 years of age worldwide. Still, effective programs remain suboptimal for several factors, making the WHO strategy to eradicate cervical cancer public health with an uncertain future. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the effectiveness, long-term protection, and safety of HPV vaccination programs and vaccination as adjuvant management. This review aims to describe the current state of vaccination programs and demonstrate the long-term protection and safety of vaccines implemented worldwide targeting adolescent girls, with the most recent published evidence of the three prophylactic HPV vaccines - bivalent (bHPV), quadrivalent (qHPV), and nonavalent (nHPV)-...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogenic homolog B1 (BRAF) V600E is a rare mutation that functions as an oncogenic driver in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leading to the overactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK (MAPK) pathway and the subsequent uncontrolled cell proliferation. Understanding the mechanism behind BRAF mutation, its inhibition, and relationship to the upstream and downstream effector is essential for advancing treatment strategies for NSCLC patients with the BRAF V600E mutation...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Elderly patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) undergoing reduced intensity R-CHOP therapy are at a heightened risk of acquiring infections, notably coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as prophylaxis against COVID-19 in this vulnerable population. METHODS: A total of 125 elderly patients with DLBCL undergoing reduced intensity R-CHOP therapy were analyzed in this prospective, multicenter study...

Variations in the tumor genome can result in allelic changes compared to the reference profile of its homogenous body source on genetic markers. This brings a challenge to source identification of tumor samples, such as clinically collected pathological paraffin-embedded tissue and sections. In this study, a probabilistic model was developed for calculating likelihood ratio ( LR ) to tackle this issue, which utilizes short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping data. The core of the model is to consider tumor tissue as a mixture of normal and tumor cells and introduce the incidence of STR variants ( φ ) and the percentage of normal cells ( Mxn ) as a priori parameters when performing calculations...

The main known function of Nudix hydrolase 2 (Nudt2) is to hydrolyze the secondary messenger diadenosine 5', 5'''-p1, p4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A). In this study we examined the role of Nudt2 in breast carcinoma through its expression in human invasive ductal carcinoma tissues, and its functions in human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. A significantly higher expression of Nudt2 was observed in human invasive ductal carcinoma tissues compared to that in normal breast tissue. Knockdown of Nudt2 in TNBC cell lines resulted in a significant reduction in cellular proliferation via the Ki67 marker, accompanied by G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, in the migration and invasion of these cells and in tumorigenicity and anchorage-independent growth...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to identify CT-based imaging biomarkers for locoregional recurrence (LR) in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients. METHODS: Computed tomography scans were collected from 78 patients with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment at a single medical center. We extracted 1,092 radiomic features from gross tumor volume in each patient's pre-treatment CT. Clinical characteristics were also obtained, including race, sex, age, tobacco and alcohol use, tumor staging, and treatment modality...