Roger D Soberanis-Mukul, Paola Ruiz Puentes, Ayberk Acar, Iris Gupta, Joyraj Bhowmick, Yizhou Li, Ahmed Ghazi, Jie Ying Wu, Mathias Unberath
PURPOSE: Eye gaze tracking and pupillometry are evolving areas within the field of tele-robotic surgery, particularly in the context of estimating cognitive load (CL). However, this is a recent field, and current solutions for gaze and pupil tracking in robotic surgery require assessment. Considering the necessity of stable pupillometry signals for reliable cognitive load estimation, we compare the accuracy of three eye trackers, including head and console-mounted designs. METHODS: We conducted a user study with the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK), to compare the three designs...
May 5, 2024: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery