Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences

BACKGROUND: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a known cause of female infertility. Worldwide incidence is 5%-10% and annual burden in India is around 4%-7%. It is known to cause tubal and endometrial damage. However, the effect on ovarian damage is poorly known. The availability of ovarian markers has contributed to an improved understanding of ovarian reserve in FGTB. AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess ovarian reserve by measuring anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) amongst infertile women and analyse the effect of GTB on ovarian reserve parameters...

BACKGROUND: The use of extremely low temperatures in vitrification is known to cause cryoinjury so that it can trigger the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which can damage the structural integrity of the pre-antral follicle. Based on that, it is necessary to use an appropriate cryoprotectant to protect the preserved cell. AIMS: This study aimed to identify the potential use of date juice concentrate (DJC) as a natural extracellular cryoprotectant to suppress the rate of apoptosis after vitrification...

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnant women is associated with severe maternal and neonatal complications including maternal and newborn death. AIMS: This review aimed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms during pregnancy as well as maternal and neonatal complications in Iran. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A developing and low-income country and a systematic review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: International scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched in a systematic review manner...

BACKGROUND: In practice, we encounter many young infertile women with poor ovarian reserve though ovarian reserve starts to decline after 35 years of age. One of the established risk factors for poor ovarian reserve in young women is endometriosis. There are other conditions that are reported to be associated which require further research. AIMS: We aimed to study the prevalence of poor ovarian reserve and to find out the associated factors in women who are <35 years of age...

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption has a negative effect on male fertility, but Vitamin C may be able to alleviate this effect. AIMS: In this study, the protective effect of Vitamin C against alcohol-induced testicular damage in adult male Wistar rats was evaluated. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study was conducted in a University setting. Following a 14-day acclimatisation period, forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups of five rats...

Women with Triple X syndrome (TXS) appear to be at increased risk for decreased ovarian reserve; however, available data are limited. We present an asyndromic adult female with features of recurrent pregnancy loss and decreased ovarian reserve detected with mosaic Triple X syndrome (TXS). The patient was initially evaluated by a low-cost peripheral blood (PB) conventional karyotyping using standard cytogenetic protocols. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Chromosomal microarray, which is a more expensive test, substantiated the presence of additional X chromosomes but failed to detect the presence of low level of mosaicism...

Scrotal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an unusual entity with its own important clinical implications. Described only as a few case reports in medical literature, it not only can cause life-threatening haemorrhage because of its superficial location in the scrotum but also can result in infertility. We report the case of a 35-year-old man who had a progressively increasing scrotal swelling for almost 20 years and now presented for infertility workup. He had oligospermia on semen analysis with a normal testosterone level and no history of testicular infection or scrotal surgery...

BACKGROUND: Many couples do not have adequate documentation following fertility treatments. AIMS: To conduct a survey to understand the information needs of assisted reproductive technology physicians when assessing the reasons affecting treatment outcomes after intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Online survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anonymous online survey of 14 parameters related to IUI treatment and 21 parameters related to IVF treatment, followed by recommendation of selected parameters for routine documentation...

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BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder with a spectrum of presentation. Studies have reported considerably different rates in terms of the incidence of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) in patients with PCOS with inconsistent results regarding the effects of PCOM in them. AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the differences in clinical presentation, metabolic profile, hormonal parameters and inflammatory markers in PCOS women with and without PCOM on ultrasonography (USG)...

BACKGROUND: Recurrent miscarriage (RM), defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages prior to the 20th week of gestation is characterised by multifactorial aetiology. The prevalence of RM varies from 0.8% to 13.5% amongst women of reproductive age. The aetiological basis of RM has been traced to chromosomal, anatomic, hormonal and immunologic factors while half of the cases remain idiopathic. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the association of interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms with RM amongst the Indian population...

BACKGROUND: Seasonal variations in semen parameters have been detected in many previous studies, mostly conducted in the West and Mediterranean countries. Located in a tropical region, we have only three seasons - summer, winter and rainy season. Literature search did not reveal studies from Indian subcontinent. AIMS: Our objective was to find if our climate produced seasonal variations in semen parameters such as sperm concentration (SC), total motile SC, morphology and vitality, which may have implications in fertility management...

BACKGROUND: Biosimilar drugs have broadened the treatment options in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Real-world data comparing clinical outcomes of originator follitropin alfa (Gonal-f® ) with its biosimilars are required to enrich the body of evidence for clinical decision-making on choice of drug. AIMS: To compare the ART outcomes in patients receiving originator follitropin (Gonal-f® ) and its biosimilars in clinical setting. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Medical records of 364 infertile women who underwent ART between 2016 and 2020 at Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Gujrat, India, were retrospectively analysed...

This case report highlights the diagnostic dilemma and therapeutic challenges encountered while managing adolescent girls with progressive dysmenorrhoea and management of Robert's uterus. Two girls aged 20 years and 13 years presented with severe progressive dysmenorrhoea. In the first case, laparoscopy revealed juvenile cystic adenomyoma (JCA) of 3 cm × 3 cm on the left side anteroinferior to the round ligament. Laparoscopic resection of the lesion was done, and histopathology revealed features of adenomyosis...

BACKGROUND: Following microsurgical vaso-epididymal anastomosis (VEA), anastomotic patency with sperm returning to the ejaculate is not always present and may even be delayed. The presence of motile spermatozoa is highly suggestive of future patency following surgery. AIMS: We prospectively analyse the factors that could predict motile spermatozoa at the epididymis intraoperatively and predictors of patency in patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) undergoing microsurgical VEA...

BACKGROUND: Vitrification of embryos following a single-controlled ovarian stimulation has been the strategy practised now in many in vitro fertilisation clinics to minimise the risk of early ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome, to reduce multiple pregnancy rates and to improve cumulative pregnancy rates. In recent years, advances in vitrification techniques and improved culture conditions have led to good post-thaw embryo survival rates, thereby increasing pregnancy rates of frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles...

BACKGROUND: The temporary delay in fertility treatments due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in combination with the imposed lockdowns, has created psychological distress and anxiety amongst infertile patients. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the pandemic has influenced assisted reproduction technology (ART) patients in Greece, during the second wave of the pandemic. An additional aim was to examine the effects of the pandemic on cross-border patients in particular, compared to national ones...

BACKGROUND: Determining the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) by the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test involves manual counting of stained sperms with halo and no halo. AIMS: The aim of this study is to build a robust artificial intelligence-based solution to predict the DFI. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is a retrospective experimental study conducted in a secondary in vitro fertilisation setup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained 24,415 images from 30 patients after the SCD test using a phase-contrast microscope...

BACKGROUND: Infertility can have a significant impact on the identity of women. Individual women, who are infertile, experience tragic emotions, as well as those who are sad for great losses, like the death of a loved one. In this case, the woman is experiencing the loss of the ability to procreate. AIM: In the present study, our major concern was to implement the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) Questionnaire on South Indian polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women to assess the impact of various clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome on the HRQOL of South Indian women diagnosed...

BACKGROUND: Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a significant determinant of ovarian reserve. It is still not clear about the rate at which AMH declines with age and varies across populations. AIM: The present study examined the AMH levels specific to the North and South Indian populations and attempted to establish an age-dependent reference parametrically. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a prospective study in a tertiary centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples were collected apparently from 650 infertile women (327 from North and 323 from South Indians)...