Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences

BACKGROUND: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the failure of two or more clinically recognised pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation. The prevalence of clinically evident RPL is 1%-2% worldwide. The aetiologies of RPL include uterine anatomic anomalies, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, untreated hypothyroidism, parental chromosomal abnormalities, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, thrombophilia, genetic abnormalities and infections. AIMS: This study was aimed at investigating the possible association between CYP11A1 (rs11632698) and (rs4077582) polymorphisms with RPL in the female population of Punjab...

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. AIMS: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of infertility and its association with reproductive risk factors amongst women of reproductive age group (18-49 years) in district Sonepat, Haryana. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This observational community-based cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 444 reproductive age group (18-49 years) women residing in district Sonepat, from August 2021 to May 2022...

Turner syndrome (TS) is the most frequently detected chromosomal abnormality in females caused by the partial or complete absence of second X chromosome. Due to varied phenotypical presentation, the diagnosis of TS can create a spectrum of clinical concerns related to morbidity and mortality. At least 10% of Turner females exhibit the presence of Y chromosome or Y-derived sequences. Patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism may have a phenotypic variation of the external genitalia and exhibit features ranging from normal male to ambiguous to female genitalia with features of TS...

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Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome is a very rare type of Müllerian duct anomaly. Cases of OHVIRA syndrome have varied clinical manifestations. We report the case of a 15-year-old virgin with endometrial cyst and OHVIRA syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome. A salpingo-oophorectomy laparotomy was performed, but the patient refused to perform a septotomy or vaginal septal resection. We compared the cases of OHVIRA syndrome that we found with several other reports...

[This corrects the article on p. 148 in vol. 16, PMID: 37547084.].

BACKGROUND: Time-lapse incubators allow for ongoing evaluation of embryos without culture condition disruption. The use of time-lapse incubation has been shown to improve outcomes either by improving overall conditions or providing additional information to aid in embryo selection for transfer. Time-lapse incubators can also utilise morphokinetic models to rank embryos based on morphokinetic parameters. We sought to compare a morphokinetic model for embryo comparison to traditional morphologic evaluation...

BACKGROUND: Poor responders may benefit from recruiting a 'second wave' of antral follicles within the same cycle. This concept forms the basis of double stimulation which has been named as 'DuoStim'. This protocol involves ovarian stimulation in both follicular and luteal phases with egg retrieval in each phase, respectively, to increase the number of oocytes and embryos in one menstrual cycle. This can be considered a potentially valuable option for women with poor ovarian reserve/response to maximise the number of oocytes retrieved in a single ovarian cycle in the shortest possible time...

BACKGROUND: Most studies evaluating the possible seasonal variation of semen quality have considered temperature as the only causal factor. AIMS: To assess possible seasonality in sperm quality and associations between semen parameters and several meteorological variables (temperature, humidity, apparent temperature and atmospheric pressure) in a large cohort of andrological patients. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional and correlational/descriptive study...

BACKGROUND: In 2001, Skakkebæk et al . proposed that certain male reproductive disorders might be grouped into a syndrome called testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS), as they all appear to be associated with disruption of the embryonic and foetal programming of gonadal development. TDS may be manifested in early life by the presence of genital malformations (hypospadias and cryptorchidism) and in adult life as disorders represented by low sperm counts and testicular cancer. Changes in androgen hormones during the foetal development, in addition to resulting in TDS, can also cause permanent changes in anopenile anogenital distance (AGDap) and anoscrotal anogenital distance (AGDas)...

BACKGROUND: Natural killer T (NKT) cells are influential immune cells in pregnancy failures, including recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Different approaches are used for these disorders due to their effects on maternal immunomodulation. AIMS: In the present study, we compared the effects of two typical immunotherapies (lymphocyte immunotherapy [LIT] and low-dose prednisolone) on CD3+ CD56+ CD16+ and CD3+ CD56+ CD8+ cells as two distinct subsets of NKT cells in Women with RSA...

BACKGROUND: While elective single-embryo transfer (eSET) has been advocated in select countries, the global acceptance of the eSET policy has been undermined due to various issues. It is imperative to understand the couples' perspectives regarding the number of embryos transferred. AIMS: We planned a study to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology towards eSET in self-funded treatment cycles in a low-resource setting...

BACKGROUND: Recently POSEIDON (Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing Individualized Oocyte Number) classification was proposed to categorize patients with expected poor response to conventional stimulation. Searching for the ideal management of poor responders in IVF is still an active research area. AIMS: This study compares GnRH-antagonist and GnRH-agonist short protocols in ICSI cycles for the POSEIDON-4 group. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary infertility unit between January 2016 and December 2020...

BACKGROUND: Male factor accounts for up to half of all cases of infertility. Previously, research has focused on the psychological effects of infertility on female partners, but recent studies show negative consequences on male patients as well. Despite evidence that men are affected by infertility, there is limited studies focusing on coping methods for them. AIMS: Determine if a cognitive-behavioral and relaxation mobile application, targeted at men experiencing infertility, could lead to decreases in psychological distress...

BACKGROUND: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a known cause of female infertility. Worldwide incidence is 5%-10% and annual burden in India is around 4%-7%. It is known to cause tubal and endometrial damage. However, the effect on ovarian damage is poorly known. The availability of ovarian markers has contributed to an improved understanding of ovarian reserve in FGTB. AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess ovarian reserve by measuring anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) amongst infertile women and analyse the effect of GTB on ovarian reserve parameters...

BACKGROUND: The use of extremely low temperatures in vitrification is known to cause cryoinjury so that it can trigger the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which can damage the structural integrity of the pre-antral follicle. Based on that, it is necessary to use an appropriate cryoprotectant to protect the preserved cell. AIMS: This study aimed to identify the potential use of date juice concentrate (DJC) as a natural extracellular cryoprotectant to suppress the rate of apoptosis after vitrification...

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnant women is associated with severe maternal and neonatal complications including maternal and newborn death. AIMS: This review aimed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms during pregnancy as well as maternal and neonatal complications in Iran. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A developing and low-income country and a systematic review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: International scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched in a systematic review manner...

BACKGROUND: In practice, we encounter many young infertile women with poor ovarian reserve though ovarian reserve starts to decline after 35 years of age. One of the established risk factors for poor ovarian reserve in young women is endometriosis. There are other conditions that are reported to be associated which require further research. AIMS: We aimed to study the prevalence of poor ovarian reserve and to find out the associated factors in women who are <35 years of age...

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption has a negative effect on male fertility, but Vitamin C may be able to alleviate this effect. AIMS: In this study, the protective effect of Vitamin C against alcohol-induced testicular damage in adult male Wistar rats was evaluated. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study was conducted in a University setting. Following a 14-day acclimatisation period, forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups of five rats...

Women with Triple X syndrome (TXS) appear to be at increased risk for decreased ovarian reserve; however, available data are limited. We present an asyndromic adult female with features of recurrent pregnancy loss and decreased ovarian reserve detected with mosaic Triple X syndrome (TXS). The patient was initially evaluated by a low-cost peripheral blood (PB) conventional karyotyping using standard cytogenetic protocols. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Chromosomal microarray, which is a more expensive test, substantiated the presence of additional X chromosomes but failed to detect the presence of low level of mosaicism...