Journal of Medical Internet Research

BACKGROUND: Numerous user-related psychological dimensions can significantly influence the dynamics between humans and robots. For developers and researchers, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the psychometric properties of the available instruments used to assess these dimensions, as they indicate the reliability and validity of the assessment. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide a systematic review of the instruments available for assessing the psychological aspects between people and social and domestic robots, offering a summary of their psychometric properties and the quality of the evidence...

BACKGROUND: This paper explores the widely discussed relationship between electronic media use and sleep quality, indicating negative effects due to various factors. However, existing meta-analyses on the topic have some limitations. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to analyze and compare the impacts of different digital media types, such as smartphones, online games, and social media, on sleep quality. METHODS: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, the study performed a systematic meta-analysis of literature across multiple databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from January 2018 to October 2023...

BACKGROUND: Disasters are becoming more frequent due to the impact of extreme weather events attributed to climate change, causing loss of lives, property and psychological trauma. Mental health response to disasters emphasizes prevention and mitigation, and mobile health (mHealth) applications have been used for mental health promotion and treatment. However, little is known about their use in the mental health components of disaster management. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review was conducted to explore the use of mobile phone applications (apps) for mental health responses to natural disasters and to identify gaps in the literature...

BACKGROUND: Dysarthria is a common post-stroke speech disorder affecting communication and psychological well-being. Traditional speech therapy is effective but often poses challenges in terms of accessibility and patient adherence. Emerging smartphone-based therapies may offer promising alternatives for the treatment of post-stroke dysarthria. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of smartphone-based speech therapy for improving speech intelligibility in patients with acute and early subacute post-stroke dysarthria...

BACKGROUND: Accurate and responsive epidemiological simulations of epidemic outbreaks inform decision-making to mitigate the impact of pandemics. These simulations must be grounded in quantities derived from the measurements, among which, parameters associated with contacts between individuals are notoriously difficult to estimate. Digital contact tracing data, such as that provided by Bluetooth beaconing or GPS co-locating, can provide more precise measures of contact than traditional methods based on direct observation or self-reporting...

BACKGROUND: The adoption of predictive algorithms in healthcare comes with the potential for algorithmic bias, which could exacerbate existing disparities. Fairness metrics were proposed to measure algorithmic bias, but the application to real-world tasks is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the algorithmic bias between racial and income groups associated with the application of common 30-day hospital readmission models and assesses the usefulness and interpretability of selected fairness metrics...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have used standardized nursing records with Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) to identify predictors of clinical deterioration. OBJECTIVE: To standardize the nursing documentation records of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using SNOMED CT and identify predictive factors of clinical deterioration in patients with COVID-19 via the standardized nursing records. METHODS: In this study 57,558 nursing statements from 226 patients with COVID-19 were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Increasing healthcare expenditure in the United States has put policymakers under enormous pressure to find ways to curtail costs. Starting January 1st, 2021, hospitals operating in the U.S. were mandated to publish transparent, accessible pricing information online about the items and services in a consumer-friendly format within comprehensive machine-readable files on their websites. Is the content that is being put out by hospital systems usable? OBJECTIVE: To analyze the available files on hospitals' websites, answering the question: is price transparency information as provided usable for patients or for machines? And providing a solution...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities continues to rise in the United States. Populations who are uninsured and from racial and ethnic minority groups continue to be disproportionately affected. These populations also experience fewer clinically meaningful outcomes in most weight loss trials. Weight gain prevention presents a useful strategy for individuals who experience barriers to weight loss. Given the often-limited weight management resources available to patients in primary care settings serving vulnerable patients, evaluating interventions with pragmatic designs may help inform the design of comprehensive obesity care delivered in primary care...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, Korean society has increasingly recognized the importance of nurses in the context of population aging and infectious disease control. However, nurses still face difficulties with regard to policy activities that are aimed at improving the nursing workforce structure and working environment. Media coverage plays an important role in public awareness of a particular issue and can be an important strategy in policy activities. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed data from 18 years of news coverage on nursing-related issues...

BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which are the phenotypic manifestations of clinical drug toxicity in humans, are a major concern in precision clinical medicine. A comprehensive evaluation of ADRs is helpful for unbiased supervision of marketed drugs and for discovering new drugs with high success rates. OBJECTIVE: In current practice, drug safety evaluation is often oversimplified to the occurrence or nonoccurrence of ADRs. Given the limitations of current qualitative methods, there is an urgent need for a quantitative evaluation model to improve pharmacovigilance and the accurate assessment of drug safety...

The number of papers presenting machine learning (ML) models that are being submitted to and published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research and other JMIR Publications journals has steadily increased. Editors and peer reviewers involved in the review process for such manuscripts often go through multiple review cycles to enhance the quality and completeness of reporting. The use of reporting guidelines or checklists can help ensure consistency in the quality of submitted (and published) scientific manuscripts and, for example, avoid instances of missing information...

BACKGROUND: Clinical notes contain contextualized information beyond structured data related to patients' past and current health status. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to design a multimodal deep learning approach to improve the evaluation precision of hospital outcomes for heart failure (HF) using admission clinical notes and easily collected tabular data. METHODS: Data for the development and validation of the multimodal model were retrospectively derived from 3 open-access US databases, including the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III v1...

BACKGROUND: To overcome knowledge gaps and optimize long-term follow-up (LTFU) care for childhood cancer survivors, the concept of the Survivorship Passport (SurPass) has been invented. Within the European PanCareSurPass project, the semiautomated and interoperable SurPass (version 2.0) will be optimized, implemented, and evaluated at 6 LTFU care centers representing 6 European countries and 3 distinct health system scenarios: (1) national electronic health information systems (EHISs) in Austria and Lithuania, (2) regional or local EHISs in Italy and Spain, and (3) cancer registries or hospital-based EHISs in Belgium and Germany...

This study explores the potential of using large language models to assist content analysis by conducting a case study to identify adverse events (AEs) in social media posts. The case study compares ChatGPT's performance with human annotators' in detecting AEs associated with delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabis-derived product. Using the identical instructions given to human annotators, ChatGPT closely approximated human results, with a high degree of agreement noted: 94.4% (9436/10,000) for any AE detection (Fleiss κ=0...

This study demonstrates that GPT-4V outperforms GPT-4 across radiology subspecialties in analyzing 207 cases with 1312 images from the Radiological Society of North America Case Collection.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney disease (AKD) affects more than half of critically ill elderly patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), which leads to worse short-term outcomes. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish 2 machine learning models to predict the risk and prognosis of AKD in the elderly and to deploy the models as online apps. METHODS: Data on elderly patients with AKI (n=3542) and AKD (n=2661) from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database were used to develop 2 models for predicting the AKD risk and in-hospital mortality, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Digital health interventions (DHIs) have shown promising results in enhancing the management of heart failure (HF). Although health care interventions are increasingly being delivered digitally, with growing evidence on the potential cost-effectiveness of adopting them, there has been little effort to collate and synthesize the findings. OBJECTIVE: This study's objective was to systematically review the economic evaluations that assess the adoption of DHIs in the management and treatment of HF...

BACKGROUND: Valid assessment tools are needed when investigating adherence to national dietary and lifestyle guidelines. OBJECTIVE: The relative validity of the new digital food frequency questionnaire, the DIGIKOST-FFQ, against 7-day weighed food records and activity sensors was investigated. METHODS: In total, 77 participants were included in the validation study and completed the DIGIKOST-FFQ and the weighed food record, and of these, 56 (73%) also used the activity sensors...

Pain is a biopsychosocial phenomenon, resulting from the interplay between physiological and psychological processes and social factors. Given that humans constantly interact with others, the effect of social factors is particularly relevant. Documenting the significance of the social modulation of pain, an increasing number of studies have investigated the effect of social contact on subjective pain intensity and pain-related physiological changes. While evidence suggests that social contact can alleviate pain, contradictory findings indicate an increase in pain intensity and a deterioration of pain coping strategies...