European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences

BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis is the end-stage entity for a wide variety of chronic liver pathologies. These include viral hepatitis B and C, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hemochromatosis, Wilson disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. In the majority of cases, liver cirrhosis remains completely asymptomatic until acute decompensation occurs. Patients may present complications of portal hypertension such as gastro-esophageal varices and upper digestive hemorrhage, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or hepato-renal syndrome...

OBJECTIVE: Dysgeusia is characterized by a loss of taste perception, leading to malnutrition. This situation affects inflammatory conditions such as respiratory and neurological conditions, obesity, cancer, chemotherapy, aging, and many others. To date, there is not much information on the prevalence and risk of dysgeusia in an inflammatory condition; also, it is unclear which flavor is altered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched three databases from January 2018 to January 2023...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the risk of dyspepsia and anorexia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) hypoglycemic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched papers in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang, Embase, and VIP databases, and the retrieval time limit was set from the establishment of the database to May 2023. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were collected in which the subjects were T2DM patients, the intervention was GLP-1RA compared with placebo or traditional hypoglycemic drugs, and the outcome indicators included dyspepsia and anorexia...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the optimal position for femoral nerve block (FNB) under ultrasound guidance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included fifty volunteers between 18-65 years of age in this study. The distances from the skin to the landmarks, which were taken as a reference for the ultrasound-guided FNB (apex point of the femoral artery = F12, lateral point = F9, and lower point = F6), were measured and compared in 3 different positions given to the lower extremity (neutral position: P1, 45° abduction: P2, and flexed knee: P3)...

OBJECTIVE: In this research, we aimed to elucidate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and obesity on pulmonary volumes and bronchial hyperreactivity, and particularly the effect of supine position on pulmonary volume and functions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study with a total of 96 patients (age range, 20-65 years). Based on the body mass index (BMI) and Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) scores, the patients were divided into four groups: Group 1: AHI≥15/h, BMI≥30 kg/m2 (n=24), Group 2: AHI≥15/h, BMI<30 kg/m2 (n=24), Group 3: AHI<15/h, BMI≥30 kg/m2 (n=24), and Group 4: AHI<15/h, BMI<30 kg/m2 (n=24)...

OBJECTIVE: Despite the multiple available treatment modalities, cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among female gynecological cancers. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an effective organelle in ensuring cell homeostasis and is closely related to the development of cancer. Esculetin is a coumarin derivative that has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Esculetin may have an anticancer effect by inducting apoptosis and ER stress...

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of robotic surgery in oncological operations has been demonstrated, but its applicability in the elderly population (≥70 years) is limited in studies. This study aims to investigate the feasibility, safety, and short-term outcomes of robotic surgery in gastric cancer surgery in geriatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent robotic surgery for gastric cancer between July 2021 and September 2023 were included in the study...

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to explore the involvement of cervical discopathy in the development of non-cyclic mastalgia by employing cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 407 patients were included in the study. Individualized management plans were developed for each patient. Pathological findings in MRI results were assessed by specialists in physical therapy and neurosurgery, and appropriate treatment was administered...

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to (1) translate the short version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ-SF) from English to Arabic and (2) test the validity and reliability of the translated Arabic version of the IEQ-SF. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study in which the original English version of the IEQ-SF was translated into Arabic was conducted in accordance with Beaton's translation process. Internal consistency, reproducibility (retest within 5 days), and validity of the translated Arabic version of the IEQ-SF were tested in Arabic-speaking participants (n = 20)...

OBJECTIVE: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the most effective reperfusion therapy in the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although the infarct-related artery of STEMI patients is effectively revascularized during pPCI, effective reperfusion in the myocardial tissue may not be achieved. This condition is called the no-reflow (NR) phenomenon. FGF-21 is a circulating hormone-like molecule primarily secreted by the liver and has been proven to be the main metabolic regulator of glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity...

OBJECTIVE: The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) has been proposed as a marker of insulin resistance (IR) and has shown associations with cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG and the coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) and explore the index's potential as a predictor of this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 187 patients who underwent coronary angiography were included; of these, 91 patients were diagnosed with CSFP, and 96 patients with normal coronary flow served as a control group...

OBJECTIVE: There exists limited comprehensive evidence on the potential association between non-cardiac comorbidities and myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, we conducted an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses to provide a broad understanding of non-cardiac health outcomes associated with MI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary focus on the prevalence of related health outcomes in patients with MI was systemically searched. Each original meta-analysis that was included had its methodological quality evaluated by a Measurement Tool Assessment Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2)...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of panoramic radiographs (PAN) with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in locating the position of the mandibular foramen (MF). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients who underwent CBCT and panoramic imaging were included in the study. The location of the MF was evaluated anterior-posteriorly and superior-inferiorly on both CBCT and panoramic radiographs. Measurements were taken by two examiners, reviewed by a radiologist, and intra-examiner variability was assessed...

OBJECTIVE: The impact of selenium on autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a subject of ongoing debate. This study aimed to analyze the causal correlations of selenium with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH), and Graves' disease (GD) by Mendelian randomization (MR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single nucleotide polymorphisms related to selenium, AIT, AIH, and GD were sourced from the IEU Open GWAS project and FinnGen. Exposure-outcome causality was assessed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median...

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OBJECTIVE: Bebtelovimab (BEB), Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab (TIX/CIL), and Sotrovimab (SOT) are important agents against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-Omicron strain. However, due to their short duration of application, little is known about their safety profiles. This research aimed to explore the safety profile of these monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) via real-world evidence databases and data mining tools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Safety reports were retrieved from the database of the U...

OBJECTIVE: The variant BA.2.86 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing concern globally. The virus contains a large number of mutations, and transmission trends are rapidly changing globally. This study investigates the global epidemiological and transmission trends of SARS-CoV-2 new variant BA.2.86 in various continents and countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were recorded using key terms, including SARS-CoV-2, Omicron, BA...

OBJECTIVE: Cytokines are involved in the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance and have been shown to play an important role in the course of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of periostin, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) levels with clinical course and mortality in patients with early COVID-19 pneumonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 150 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 between June and October 2021, and a control group of 30 healthy individuals were included in our study...

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic led to many implications for patients after recovering from the disease, including HIV patients. The long symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue, and sleep deprivation are common complaints for patients post-COVID-19. In this study, we investigate the correlation between sleep quality and physical activity and severity post-COVID-19 among patients at the hospital in Jakarta. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 post-COVID patients recruited from a public hospital in Jakarta...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has historically been related to the development of specific cancers, some of which are so closely linked to the infection, such as Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), that they have earned the name Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining cancers (ADCs). While the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased the incidence of AIDS-defining cancers, the resulting aging of people living with HIV (PLWH) highlighted an increased occurrence of other forms of cancer...