Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

AIM: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is an important risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to explore the specific effect of CM on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain functional connectivity (FC) in MDD patients. METHODS: A total of 150 subjects were collected including 55 MDD patients with CM, 34 MDD patients without CM, 19 healthy controls (HC) with CM, and 42 HC without CM. All subjects completed MRI scans and neuropsychological tests...

Sense of agency (SoA) indicates a person's ability to perceive her/his own motor acts as actually being her/his and, through them, to exert control over the course of external events. Disruptions in SoA may profoundly affect the individual's functioning, as observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders. This is the first article to systematically review studies that investigated intentional binding (IB), a quantitative proxy for SoA measurement, in neurological and psychiatric patients. Eligible were studies of IB involving patients with neurological and/or psychiatric disorders...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

AIM: Clinical studies reported that patients with schizophrenia are at a higher risk of developing dementia than people without schizophrenia. However, early neuropathological studies have shown that the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in schizophrenia patients does not differ from that in controls. These inconsistent results may be attributable to the inclusion of non-AD dementia, but there have been few clinicopathological studies in older patients with schizophrenia based on the current neuropathological classification...

AIM: This study aims to examine the real-world effectiveness of education regarding clinical guidelines for psychiatric disorders using 'the Effectiveness of guidelines for dissemination and education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE)' project. METHODS: The EGUIDE project is a nationwide prospective implementation study of two clinical practice guidelines, i.e., the Guideline for Pharmacological Therapy of Schizophrenia and the Treatment Guidelines for Major Depressive Disorders, in Japan...

Retraction: [Noda Y, Sato A, Fujii K, Nagano Y, Iwasa M, Hirahata K, Kitahata R, Osawa R, A pilot study of the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment on cognitive dysfunction associated with post COVID-19 condition, Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2023; 77: 241-242 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pcn.13527)]. The above article from Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, published online on 30 January 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Editors in Chief, Tadafumi Kato and Hidehiko Takahashi, and John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd...

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of depression and the potential anti-inflammatory effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in vivo, utilizing astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) isolated from plasma. METHODS: A total of 40 patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and 35 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited at baseline, and 34 TRD patients completed the post-ECT visits. Blood samples were collected at baseline and post-ECT...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

AIM: The Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein is a key regulator at the intersection of major signaling pathways relevant for adaptive behavior. It is prone to posttranslational changes such as misassembly and aggregation but the significance of such transformations for human mental illness has remained unclear. We aimed to demonstrate the occurrence of DISC1 protein aggregates in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). METHOD: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with FEP (n = 50) and matched healthy controls (HC; n = 47) were measured by the highly sensitive surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology that enables single aggregate detection...

AIM: Many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the use of interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonists for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yielding inconsistent results. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to identify the source of these inconsistent results by re-assessing whether participants treated with standard of care (SoC) plus placebo group have different all-cause mortality from those treated with SoC alone and to re-evaluate the efficacy of IL-6 antagonists in the treatment of COVID-19...

AIM: The present study examined the microbiome abundance and composition of drug-naïve or drug-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared to healthy controls. In addition, in the OCD group, the microbiome composition was compared between early-onset and late-onset OCD. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 89 patients with OCD and 107 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Bacterial DNA was isolated from bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles in serum and then amplified and quantified using primers specific to the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rDNA gene...

BACKGROUND: Antepartum depression is a prevalent unhealthy mental health problem worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. It is a major contributor to adverse birth outcomes. Previous studies linking antepartum depression to birthweight have yielded conflicting results, which may be reason that the depressive symptoms were only measured once during pregnancy. This study aimed to explore the associations between trajectories of antepartum depressive symptoms and birthweight. METHODS: Depressive symptoms were assessed prospectively at each trimester in 3699 pregnant women from 24 hospitals across 15 provinces in China, using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)...

AIM: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among women is an alarmingly prevalent traumatic experience, that often leads to debilitating and treatment-refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) raising the need for novel adjunctive therapies. Neuroimaging investigations systematically report amygdala hyperactivity is the most consistent and reliable neural abnormality in PTSD and childhood abuse, raising the potential of implementing volitional neural modulation using neurofeedback (NF) aimed at down-regulating amygdala activity...

ChatGPT has sparked extensive discussions within the healthcare community since its November 2022 release. However, potential applications in the field of psychiatry have received limited attention. Deep learning has proven beneficial to psychiatry, and GPT is a powerful deep learning-based language model with immense potential for this field. Despite the convenience of ChatGPT, this advanced chatbot currently has limited practical applications in psychiatry. It may be used to support psychiatrists in routine tasks such as completing medical records, facilitating communications between clinicians and with patients, polishing academic writings and presentations, and programming and performing analyses for research...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

AIM: Elevated inflammation and larger choroid plexus (ChP) volume has been previously identified in mood disorders. Connections between inflammation, ChP, and clinical symptoms in bipolar II depression (BDII-D) are unclear. Data-driven clustering based on neuroanatomical phenotypes may help to elucidate neurobiological associations in BDII-D. METHODS: Inflammatory cytokines, clinical symptoms, and neuroanatomical features were assessed in 150 BDII-D patients...

AIM: To determine whether, in people with pre-existing obsessive-compulsive, eating, anxiety, and mood disorders, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a change in psychiatric symptoms, compared to pre-pandemic levels. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and EMBASE from inception until February 16th, 2022. Studies were included if they reported pre-pandemic and during-pandemic psychiatric symptoms, using validated scales, in people with pre-existing mood, anxiety, eating, or obsessive-compulsive disorders...

AIM: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one option for treating refractory TS; however, it remains unclear which preoperative factors are predictive of DBS outcomes. This study investigated the efficacy of DBS targeting the anteromedial globus pallidus internus (amGPi) and evaluated predisposing factors affecting the outcomes of DBS in a single center in Korea. METHOD: Twenty patients who had undergone DBS for refractory TS were reviewed retrospectively. Tic symptoms were followed up at 3-months intervals for up to 1 year after surgery...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.