Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes

Pioglitazone is an insulin sensitizer used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. C57BL/6 mice were treated with pioglitazone (30mg/kg/day) for four weeks after a sixteen-week high-fat diet (HFD) challenge. Body weight gain, body fat mass, energy intake and glucose homeostasis were measured during or after the treatment...

Idiopathic isolated adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency (IIAD) is rare, with high clinical omission and misdiagnosis rates. This study retrospectively collected information on clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and treatment response of 17 patients with IIAD at Jining No. 1 People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2022. The clinical characteristics were summarized, and the pertinent data were analyzed. As a result, most of the patients with IIAD were male (94.12%), with age at onset ranging from 13 to 80 years...

OBJECTIVE: Adrenal tumors are generally rare in children and can be a part of familial cancer syndrome. This research was conducted to examine the clinical outcomes, histopathological results, and genetic etiologies of adrenal tumors in children and adolescents. METHODS: Thirty-one children and adolescents with adrenal tumors were included. Data on clinical outcomes and endocrine and radiologic results were retrospectively analyzed. Molecular analysis was conducted in select patients according to their phenotype and family history...

INTRODUCTION: The current ultrasound scan classification system for thyroid nodules is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and subjective. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been shown to increase the accuracy of predicting the malignancy rate of thyroid nodules. This study aims to demonstrate the state-of-the-art Swin Transformer to classify thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasound images were collected prospectively from patients who received fine needle aspiration biopsy for thyroid nodules from January 2016 to June 2021...

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to identify individuals with different personalities using latent class analysis, and further distinguish those with a high risk of diabetes among different clusters. METHODS: We utilized data from a large-scale, cross-sectional epidemiological survey conducted in 2018 across 23 provinces in China, employing a multistage, stratified sampling technique. Latent class cluster analysis was performed to identify distinct personality clusters based on a series of variables concerning life attitudes...

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Insulin Glargine and Exenatide on the muscle mass of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: We performed a post-hoc analysis of our previously study, a 24-week randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02303730). Seventy-six patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive Insulin Glargine or Exenatide treatment...

BACKGROUND: We previously published an algorithm predicting 24 h basal insulin infusion profiles in insulin pump-treated subjects with type 1 diabetes profiles from six subject characteristics. This algorithm was to be externally validated in an independent environment and patient population. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with pump-treated type diabetes were switched to their individually algorithm-derived basal insulin infusion profile, and the appropriateness of fasting glycemic control was scrutinized by means of a supervised 24 h fast...

AIMS: Transition from pediatric to adult care is difficult for patients with chronic diseases. We sought to analyze factors associated with metabolic control in childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes (T1D) after transfer to adult care. METHODS: Overall, 224 persons with T1D were contacted yearly from 1998 to 2019. They voluntarily answered a questionnaire about their current hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, diabetes-associated complications, kind of care, living conditions, and family situation...

OBJECTIVE: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered as potential biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the potential roles of circADAM9 in high glucose (HG)-induced cell injury of human mesangial cells (HMCs) were investigated, and the underlying mechanism was elucidated. METHODS: DN cell model in vitro was simulated by HG treatment of HMCs. Endogenous expressions of circADAM9, miR-545-3p, and ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction...

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a technique that has been extensively used in the treatment of primary malignancies and metastases and, recently, been deployed for the treatment of unilateral Primary Aldosteronism (PA) as an alternative to whole unilateral adrenalectomy. Current evidence comparing RFA with unilateral adrenalectomy in the treatment of PA so far has been variable, with studies being retrospective and small scale, but it remains a very attractive option as a potentially less invasive treatment option compared to adrenalectomy...

BACKGROUND: Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are commonly used in older people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PIM use in older people with diabetes and identify risk factors that may influence the development of PIM use. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an outpatient setting in Beijing, China, using Chinese criteria. The prevalence of PIM use, polypharmacy and comorbidities in older adults with diabetes in an outpatient setting was measured...

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) may be detected prior to clinical symptoms through the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOab), thyroglobulin (TGab), or both.The present study aimed to develop a novel radiobinding assay (RBA) for TPOab and to determine the prevalence of TPOab and TGab in the Swedish population.Patient samples from 27 newly diagnosed Graves' disease patients in longitudinal follow-up and 124 AITD autoantibody-positive children in prospective follow-up for increased risk of type 1 diabetes were included to validate the novel RBA for TPO...

The syndrome of inappropriate ADH-secretion (SIADH) is a common cause of low sodium levels with diverse aetiology. Here, we report a case of a 41 years old male patient diagnosed with SIADH and a good response to Tolvaptan therapy. Of interest, as a potential unique cause, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a micronodular structure in the posterior pituitary, while no other common cause of SIADH could be identified. Hence, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a Tolvaptan-responsive SIADH associated with a pituitary micronodular structure...

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the effect of age at menarche on metabolic syndrome (Mets) and its components and explore the impact of menopause status on the association between age at menarche and Mets in rural Chinese women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 23382 women from the Henan Rural Cohort study. The relationship between age at menarche and Mets was assessed using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline. Interaction plots were used to describe interactive effects of age at menarche and menopause status on Mets...

Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is recommended for subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA) to identify lateralized or bilateral sources of aldosterone excess, allowing for better decision-making in regard to medical or surgical management on a case-by-case basis. To date, no consensus exists on protocols to be used during AVS, especially concerning sampling techniques, the timing of sampling, and whether or not to use adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation. Interpretation criteria for selectivity, lateralization, and contralateral suppression vary from one expert center to another, with some favoring strict cut-offs to others being more permissive...

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In the recently published consensus statement on the treatment and management of type 1 diabetes issued by experts from the American (ADA) and European (EASD) diabetes societies, measurement of endogenous insulin secretion using fasting C-peptide is recommended as a diagnostic criterion. In contrast, our group recently suggested fasting C-peptide/glucose ratio (CGR) for the determination of endogenous insulin secretion. In addition, this ratio may turn out as a potential decision aid for pathophysiologically based differential therapy of diabetes...

BACKGROUND: One of the goals of the St. Vincent Declaration was to reduce serious complications of diabetes, including strokes. However, it remains uncertain whether this goal has been achieved. STUDY AIM: The aim of our review was to evaluate the incidence of stroke in the diabetic population and its differences regarding sex, ethnicities, age and regions, to compare the incidence rate (IR) in people with and without diabetes, and to investigate time trends. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines for meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (the MOOSE group) and to the PRISMA group guidelines...

BACKGROUND: Periostin is an emerging biomarker that plays a role in bone metabolism and may be associated with bone mineral density (BMD). This study is aimed to investigate serum periostin levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and its correlation with BMD in these patients. METHODS: Forty patients with newly diagnosed PHPT without co-morbidities and 30 healthy controls were included. Laboratory tests for the diagnosis of PHPT and serum levels of periostin were measured for all patients...

Aim To evaluate the effects of aerobic training on hippocampal volume and cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with normal cognition. Materials and methods One hundred patients with T2DM aged 60-75 years who met inclusion criteria were randomized into the aerobic training group (n=50) and control group (n=50). The aerobic training group received 1 year of aerobic training, while the control group maintained their lifestyle without additional exercise intervention. The primary outcomes were hippocampal volume measured by MRI and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) score or Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) scores...