European Journal of Cancer

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess whether the use of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in addition to lymphadenectomy was associated with survival benefit in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS: International, multicenter, retrospective study. INCLUSION CRITERIA: cervical cancer treated between 01/2007 and 12/2016 by surgery only; squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, FIGO 2009 stage IB1-IIA2, negative surgical margins, and laparotomy approach...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among females with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), but available data on LFS-related BC characteristics are derived from small retrospective cohorts. Prior work has demonstrated a high proportion of HER2-positive BCs, but our understanding of how HER2-positive LFS BCs respond to anti-HER2 treatments is limited. METHODS: BCs diagnosed in patients with germline TP53 variants between 2002-2022 were assembled from three institutions...

BACKGROUND: Data on the efficacy and safety of anti PD-1 antibodies in children and adolescents (CA) with melanoma are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine outcomes of CA melanoma patients receiving anti PD-1 antibodies. METHODS: Melanoma patients ≤18 years treated with anti PD-1 were retrospectively retrieved from 15 academic centers. Information on histopathological diagnosis, surgical treatment, systemic therapy, objective response rate (ORR), safety profile was collected...

PURPOSE: There is no consensus on how to estimate kidney function for the assessment of eligibility in clinical cancer trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We recalculated the creatinine clearance (CrCl)/glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at baseline in a total of 1768 patients enrolled in twelve clinical trials using the Cockcroft-Gault (CG), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI 2021) and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) formulas...

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC) in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to develop a diagnostic model. METHODS: Genome-wide 5hmC profiles in cfDNA from 174 NPC patients and 146 non-cancer individuals were analyzed using the 5hmC-Seal technique. A cfDNA 5hmC-based diagnostic model to identify NPC patients was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, and performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and confusion matrices...

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the utilization and outcomes of lymphadenectomy/ sampling (LND) for patients with vulvar melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed between 2004-2015 with vulvar melanoma with known depth of tumor invasion and no distant metastases were identified in the National Cancer Database. Based on pathology report patients who underwent inguinal lymph node sampling/dissection were identified. Clinico-pathological characteristics and overall survival were compared between the two groups...

BACKGROUND: We report 5-year efficacy and safety outcomes from CheckMate 9LA in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) and exploratory analyses in key patient subgroups. METHODS: Adults with stage IV/recurrent NSCLC and no sensitizing EGFR/ALK alterations were randomized to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy (n = 361) or chemotherapy (n = 358). Outcomes were assessed in all randomized patients and subgroups...

IMPORTANCE: Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown performance equal to trained dermatologists in differentiating benign from malignant skin lesions. To improve clinicians' management decisions, additional classifications into diagnostic categories might be helpful. METHODS: A convenience sample of 100 pigmented/non-pigmented skin lesions was used for a cross-sectional two-level reader study including 96 dermatologists (level I: dermoscopy only; level II: clinical close-up images, dermoscopy, and textual information)...

BACKGROUND: Inter-cycle delays to chemotherapy are often required to manage drug toxicity. The impact of delays on mortality is poorly characterised. This retrospective cohort study examined the association of treatment delay with all-cause mortality in early-stage breast cancer. METHODS: This real-world analytical study included adult women with stage 2 or 3 breast cancer receiving first-line (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy between 01/01/2014 and 31/12/2015 in England...

INTRODUCTION: Molecular profiling of lung cancer is essential to identify genetic alterations that predict response to targeted therapy. While deep learning shows promise for predicting oncogenic mutations from whole tissue images, existing studies often face challenges such as limited sample sizes, a focus on earlier stage patients, and insufficient analysis of robustness and generalizability. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluates factors influencing mutation prediction accuracy using the large Heidelberg Lung Adenocarcinoma Cohort (HLCC), a cohort of 2356 late-stage FFPE samples...

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) currently is the most effective treatment to induce durable responses in metastatic melanoma. The aims of this study are the characterization of patients with early, late and non-response to ICI and analysis of survival outcomes in a real-world patient cohort. METHODS: Patients who received PD-1-based immunotherapy for non-resectable stage-IV melanoma in any therapy line were selected from the prospective multicenter real-world DeCOG study ADOREG-TRIM (NCT05750511)...

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the guideline endorsed first choice for patients with deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability high (dMMR/MSI-H) mCRC, however a significant proportion experience primary or secondary resistance. BRAF V600E mutated (BRAFm) and dMMR/MSI-H mCRC can be treated with BRAF + EGFR inhibitors but specific data on the efficacy after progression to ICIs are missing. METHODS: We collected consecutive patients with BRAFm dMMR/MSI-H mCRC treated from 2017 to 2024 with a combination of BRAFi+EGFRi+/-MEKi, after disease progression on ICIs...

BACKGROUND: An increasing evidence links air pollution to breast cancer (BC) risk. Yet, pollutant exposure estimates at the workplace location in pollution exposure assessment have not been considered. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the association between particulate matters (PM2·5 , PM10 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) atmospheric concentrations (1990-2011), at the women's residential and workplace locations, and BC risk. METHODS: This case-control study of 2419 BC cases and 2984 controls, was nested in the French prospective E3N cohort...

BACKGROUND: Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has been used for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The optimal sequence of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and chemotherapy (CT) is a matter of debate. METHODS: We performed a pooled analysis of the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 and OPRA multicenter, randomized phase 2 trials to identify patient subsets that could benefit from one TNT sequence over the other regarding disease-free survival (DFS). Patients with stage II/III rectal cancer were randomized to CRT (50...

BACKGROUND: The KBP studies are real-life nationwide, prospective, multicenter cohort studies of patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer that have been conducted in French non-academic public hospitals each decade since 2000. METHODS: Patients were analyzed in three prospective cohorts using the same methodology. In this study, we describe and compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with a focus on treatments in the 2020 cohort...

INTRODUCTION: No definitive answers currently exist regarding optimal first-line therapy for HER2-mutant NSCLC. Access to rapid tissue sequencing is a major barrier to precision drug development in the first-line setting. ctDNA analysis has the potential to overcome these obstacles and guide treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with metastatic HER2-mutant NSCLC who underwent prospective clinical ctDNA sequencing and received systemic therapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) from January 2016 to September 2022...

PURPOSE: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous entity with limited overall survival (OS) in most patients. Prognostic biomarkers are needed, particularly for treatment stratification. We investigated the impact of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression as prognostic marker in immunotherapy-naïve CUP patients. METHODS: Clinical data from patients with confirmed CUP diagnosis according to ESMO guidelines, treated at the West German Cancer Center, Essen from 2015 to 2021, were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, the prognosis for advanced CRC patients remains poor. Disruption of protein stability is one of the important factors in cancer development and progression. In this study, we aim to identify and analyze novel dysregulated proteins in CRC, assessing their significance and the mechanisms. METHODS: Using quantitative proteomics, expression pattern analysis, and gain-of-function/loss-of-function experiments, we identify novel functional protein dysregulated by ubiquitin-proteasome axis in CRC...

INTRODUCTION: Risk prediction models (RPM) can help soft-tissue sarcoma(STS) patients and clinicians make informed treatment decisions by providing them with estimates of (disease-free) survival for different treatment options. However, it is unknown how RPMs are used in the clinical encounter to support decision-making. This study aimed to understand how a PERsonalised SARcoma Care (PERSARC) RPM is used to support treatment decisions and which barriers and facilitators influence its use in daily clinical practice...