Clinical Imaging

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of mammographic breast density with treatment and survival outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 306 women with TNBC who underwent NAC followed by surgery between 2010 and 2019. The baseline density and the density changes after NAC were evaluated. Qualitative breast density (a-d) was evaluated using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System...

The space of Retzius is an important anatomic location for pathology. Pathology in the space of Retzius is more common than previously believed, especially as more cases are discovered with increased use of cross-sectional imaging. Knowledge of the anatomy of the Space of Retzius is crucial for identifying and distinguishing between benign and pathological findings. This paper uses several case examples to discuss benign etiologies, including normal tissue or a foreign body. The paper also demonstrates a case series with pathologic findings in the Space of Retzius under the broad categories of infection, neoplasm, hemorrhage, or urine extravasation...

OBJECTIVE: To explore pre-treatment imaging findings of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK)-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm, an emerging group of molecularly defined soft tissue tumors and summarize the clinical course, including TRK inhibitor therapy response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 8 women and 4 men with NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm (median age, 35.5 years, range, 0-66). Available pre-treatment MRI, CT, PET, and US imaging were reviewed...

Despite the demonstrated benefits of gender diversity in medicine, women in Radiology in North America are still underrepresented. We reviewed the literature to highlight the current status of women in Radiology in North America, identify the underlying causes of the gender gap, and provide potential strategies to close this gap. We conducted a narrative literature review using the terms ("Gender Disparity" OR "Gender Inequality") AND ("Radiology Department" OR "Radiology Residency"), searching data from April 2000 to April 2022 in Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus...

PURPOSE: Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are incidentally observed on mammograms, yet their implications remain unclear. We investigated lifestyle, reproductive, and cardiovascular determinants of BAC in women undergoing mammography screening. Further, we investigated the relationship between BAC, coronary arterial calcifications (CAC) and estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) risk. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained reproductive history and CVD risk factors from 215 women aged 18 or older who underwent mammography and cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) within a 2-year period between 2007 and 2017 at hospital...

BACKGROUND: The modified Gartland classification is an important tool for evaluation of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) because it can direct treatment decisions. Gartland type I can be managed outpatient, while emergent surgical consult occurs with type II and III. This study assesses the interobserver reliability of the Gartland classification between pediatric radiologists and orthopedic providers. METHODS: A retrospective review of 320 children diagnosed with a SCHF at a single tertiary children's hospital during 2022 was conducted...

Preoperative localization procedures are important for guiding surgical excision of non-palpable findings in the breast. The SCOUT Reflector (Merit Medical, South Jordan UT, USA) is a non-wire-based localization device that has been incorporated into clinical use with great success. SCOUT Reflectors can be placed using several imaging modalities, including tomosynthesis. One drawback to SCOUT Reflector placement under tomosynthesis guidance is an inability to directly visualize the introducer needle tip, a factor that limits precision...

Formal physician-wellness programs have come into vogue in professional organizations in recent years. Wellness programs in academic centers vary from institution to institution but foundational to all is their aim to reduce burnout and increase professional fulfillment. As radiologists in charge of wellness program implementation in different academic institutions, we describe existing academic radiology wellness programs with two detailed examples. Physician well-being programs need to be both leadership-driven (i...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, nature, and downstream healthcare costs of new incidental findings that are found on whole-body FDG-PET/CT in patients with a non-FDG-avid pulmonary lesion ≥10 mm that was incidentally found on previous imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included a consecutive series of patients who underwent whole-body FDG-PET/CT because of an incidentally found pulmonary lesion ≥10 mm. RESULTS: Seventy patients were included, of whom 23 (32...

BACKGROUND: Applications of large language models such as ChatGPT are increasingly being studied. Before these technologies become entrenched, it is crucial to analyze whether they perpetuate racial inequities. METHODS: We asked Open AI's ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 to simplify 750 radiology reports with the prompt "I am a ___ patient. Simplify this radiology report:" while providing the context of the five major racial classifications on the U.S. census: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander...

BACKGROUND: While there are clear guidelines regarding chest wall ultrasound in the symptomatic patient, there is conflicting evidence regarding the use of ultrasound in the screening of women post-mastectomy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of screening chest wall ultrasound after mastectomy and to assess features of detected malignancies. METHODS: This IRB approved, retrospective study evaluates screening US examinations of the chest wall after mastectomy...

PURPOSE: To illustrate MRI findings in patients with femoral neuropathy following anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent MRI for femoral neuropathy following anterior approach THA between January 1, 2010, and July 1, 2022. Included patients had no preexisting neurologic condition. Clinical and diagnostic data were collected. MRIs were reviewed in consensus by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists...

OBJECTIVES: The risk factors for lung cancer screening eligibility, age as well as smoking history, are also present for osteoporosis. This study aims to develop a visual scoring system to identify osteoporosis that can be applied to low-dose CT scans obtained for lung cancer screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 1000 prospectively enrolled participants in the lung cancer screening program at the Mount Sinai Hospital. Optimal window width and level settings for the visual assessment were chosen based on a previously described approach...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to characterize the prevalence and behavior of hydronephrosis of non-refluxing lower moiety of duplex kidneys using MAG-3 diuresis renography. We compare our data to previous case series and ureteropelvic junction obstruction of single systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An IRB-approved database of over 5000 diuresis renograms performed in 2025 patients was queried to identify cases of hydronephrosis of lower moiety of duplex kidneys suspicious for ureteropelvic obstruction, excluding those with hydroureter or reflux...

PURPOSE: This review discusses how breast centers can optimize patient experience scores among transgender patients. FINDINGS: High patient experience scores impact patient care and compliance. Increased regulations have been enacted to ensure that health systems are effectively meeting the health concerns of sexual minorities. This will be reflected in the patient experience surveys. A leading patient survey will be assessed to help breast imaging centers optimize the transgender patient experience and question types will be provided...

INTRODUCTION: The complex practice environment and responsibilities incumbent on diagnostic radiologists creates a workflow susceptible to disruption. While interruptions have been shown to contribute to medical errors in the healthcare delivery environment, the exact impact on highly subspecialized services such as diagnostic radiology is less certain. One potential source of workflow disruption is the use of a departmental instant messaging system (Webex), to facilitate communications between radiology faculty, residents, fellows, and technologists...

Acute pancreatitis is a condition marked by inflammation of the pancreas and surrounding tissues. While the majority of cases of acute pancreatitis are mild, a minority of severe cases are the primary contributors to the morbidity and mortality attributed to this condition. Retroperitoneal morphologic changes can be detected by utilization of various imaging modalities, and their accurate evaluation is crucial for effective management. Acute pancreatitis is commonly diagnosed using computed tomography (CT)...

OBJECTIVE: Adenovirus pneumonia is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children and can mimic bacterial pneumonia, but there are few publications on its radiographic features. This study has evaluated the chest radiography findings of community-acquired adenovirus pneumonia in children. The frequency of radiological findings mimicking bacterial pneumonia was investigated. The clinical features of patients with adenovirus pneumonia possessing radiological findings mimicking bacterial pneumonia were also evaluated...

Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WB-MRI) has cemented its position as a pivotal tool in oncological diagnostics. It offers unparalleled soft tissue contrast resolution and the advantage of sidestepping ionizing radiation. This review explores the diverse applications of WB-MRI in oncology. We discuss its transformative role in detecting and diagnosing a spectrum of cancers, emphasizing conditions like multiple myeloma and cancers with a proclivity for bone metastases. WB-MRI's capability to encompass the entire body in a singular scan has ushered in novel paradigms in cancer screening, especially for individuals harboring hereditary cancer syndromes or at heightened risk for metastatic disease...

PURPOSE: To investigate the value of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) in breast cancer (BC) with second primary malignancies (SPMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 149 BC patients (149/1419, 10.5 %) ultimately diagnosed with SPMs were included in the study. The following data were evaluated: age, location, the treatment of the first BC, the interval between the first BC and SPMs, the maximum diameter of SPMs, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of SPMs, and SPMs metastases...