Cornea

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between central corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), endothelial morphology, and corneal thickness (central corneal thickness) with the anterior chamber depth, corneal volume (CV), white-to-white (WTW) distance, mean anterior chamber angle (CAmean), and gender in healthy individuals. METHODS: This observational study included 136 healthy volunteers. The ECD, coefficient of variation of cell area, and hexagonal cell appearance ratio (%Hex) were measured by means of specular microscopy...

PURPOSE: We herein present Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) as an effective surgical means of treatment for the management of interface fluid syndrome (IFS) in a series of cases with distant history of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Three cases from a single institution were included. All patients had documented IFS in the setting of history of LASIK. All 3 patients underwent DMEK for the treatment of IFS. Visual acuity, clinical findings, pachymetry, endothelial cell count, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography were recorded...

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate and describe the relationship between the use of topical corticosteroids and the development of crystalline corneal opacities (steroid keratopathy) in a colony of research Beagles and Beagle-derived dogs. METHODS: Medical records of 73 purpose-bred Beagles and Beagle-derived dogs were reviewed from June 2012 to May 2021. All dogs were treated with topical ophthalmic corticosteroids for at least 21 days. In addition to regular ophthalmic examination, some dogs also had a systemic lipid profile (n = 6) performed to work up further and characterize the crystalline corneal opacities...

PURPOSE: This study describes the technique of simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) without amniotic membrane grafting (AMG) in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). METHODS: Retrospective, interventional case series of 6 patients who underwent SLET without AMG were included. The procedure followed the standard technique, involving limbal biopsy from the healthy eye, resection of symblephera, and pannus dissection in the affected eye. Following host bed preparation, limbal explants were placed on the bare cornea and secured with fibrin glue...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Scheimpflug tomographically normal fellow eyes of keratoconus patients are also classified as normal using an ectasia screening algorithm based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: This monocentric cross-sectional study included 22 very asymmetric ectasia patients with tomographically significant keratoconus in 1 eye and normal Scheimpflug tomography in the fellow eye...

PURPOSE: Several techniques have been developed for graft unfolding approaches in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). However, despite these techniques, graft deployment and configuration in eyes with deep anterior chambers remain challenging in some cases. Therefore, in this study, we described a modified technique for DMEK, known as the "double-bubble technique assisted by holding forceps." METHODS: This was a retrospective interventional case series...

PURPOSE: To compare the performance of 3 commercially available tomographers (the Pentacam Scheimpflug camera, the swept-source optical coherence tomography Casia, and the blue light slit-scanning tomographer Precisio) in the identification of patterns associated with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) decompensation. METHODS: This was a clinic-based cross-sectional imaging study. Pachymetry maps and posterior surface elevation maps were acquired with the 3 devices from 61 eyes affected by FECD...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis in a patient diagnosed with corneal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a positive mpox culture. METHODS: This is a case report. RESULTS: An immunocompetent 54-year-old man was diagnosed with conjunctivitis in his left eye 15 days after being diagnosed with mucocutaneous monkeypox. He received treatment with dexamethasone 0.1% and tobramycin 0.3% eye drops for 2 weeks...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity on the prevalence of dry eye disease in the American geriatric population. METHODS: Data were collected from a 2011 nationwide sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older (N = 1,321,000). Age, sex, race/ethnicity, residential area, climate region, and income, along with psychiatric comorbidities including depression and anxiety, were collected...

Contact lenses are US Food and Drug Administration-regulated medical devices that are a safe and effective method for the correction of refractive error. They are worn by an estimated 45 million Americans. Decorative contact lenses (DCLs) can be used for patients with medical conditions such as failed corneas or aniridia. However, DCLs have also gained popularity in the young, contact lens-naïve population. DCL users often buy lenses through unregulated sources without a clinical examination and education on proper use by an eye care professional...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the response of a papillomatous ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) to the intramuscular (IM) 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine after failed medical and surgical interventions. METHODS: A 79-year-old White man with a conjunctival lesion underwent a biopsy which revealed OSSN and positivity for high-risk HPV. Initially treated with medical therapy and surgical excisions, the patient developed a recurrence and refused further surgery...

PURPOSE: To present the first known cases of punctal and canalicular stenosis following topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) eye drops for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients with OSSN receiving topical 1% 5-FU eye drops as a primary or adjuvant treatment between 2013 and 2021 was performed. Individuals diagnosed with punctal or canalicular stenosis during or after topical 5-FU use were included in this study. Four individuals met these criteria; we report clinical findings and treatment course for each patient...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of corneal graft rejection after COVID and influenza vaccination. METHODS: Patients 65 years or older undergoing penetrating keratoplasty or endothelial keratoplasty any time between 2016 and 2021 followed by COVID or influenza vaccination in 2021 among the 100% Medicare Fee-For-Service database were included. Demographic and ocular history characteristics of patients with (cases) and without graft rejection (controls) were compared using the χ2 test...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors that predispose patients with keratoconus to develop acute corneal hydrops (ACH), including both clinical and tomographic risk factors. We additionally describe tomographic changes of the cornea over time after ACH. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with keratoconus who were followed at our institution from January 2015 to May 2023. Control eyes, defined as eyes with advanced keratoconus (stage IV Amsler-Krumeich classification on initial examination) were compared with eyes that developed ACH...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to highlight characteristic clinical and microscopic findings and report the long-term follow-up of pediatric excimer laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty (excimer-PKP) for congenital stromal corneal dystrophy (CSCD). METHODS: A 2-year-old Greek child presented with CSCD at our department. Clinical examination showed bilateral flake-like whitish corneal opacities affecting the entire corneal stroma up to the limbus. Genetic testing identified a mutation of the decorin gene (c...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and indications of using dried gamma ray-sterilized amniotic membrane (AM) transplantation with bandage contact lenses for the in-office sutureless treatment of various ocular surface diseases. METHODS: This study retrospectively included 56 eyes of 52 patients with various ocular surface diseases treated with sutureless dehydrated AM-assisted therapeutic contact lenses. The patients were followed up and assessed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the treatment, and the therapeutic contact lenses were removed after 1 or 2 weeks...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of artificial tears (AT) on the sublayers of the tear film assessed by a novel tear film imaging (TFI) device. METHODS: The mucoaqueous layer thickness (MALT) and lipid layer thickness (LLT) of 198 images from 11 healthy participants, 9 of whom had meibomian gland disease, were prospectively measured before and after exposure to 3 different AT preparations (Refresh Plus; Retaine [RTA]; Systane Complete PF [SYS]), using a novel nanometer resolution TFI device (AdOM, Israel)...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacogenomics of response to topical ocular tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitor licaminlimab in patients with DED. METHODS: Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Sjögren syndrome, 3 in the TNFα gene and 1 in the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) gene, were assessed for association with response to licaminlimab in participants from a randomized, vehicle-controlled, Phase 2 study in which adults with DED and severe ocular discomfort persisting despite treatment with artificial tears received licaminlimab or vehicle for 6 weeks...

PURPOSE: The Zoster Eye Disease Study (ZEDS) is the first randomized clinical trial to study the efficacy of long-term (1 year) suppressive valacyclovir treatment on herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) outcomes. This article details the baseline characteristics of participants. SETTING: The study was set at 95 participating clinical centers in 33 states, Canada, and New Zealand. STUDY POPULATION: Immunocompetent adults with a history of a characteristic HZO unilateral rash and documentation of an episode of active dendriform epithelial keratitis, stromal keratitis, endothelial keratitis, or iritis within the preceding year, enrolled in ZEDS from November 2017 to January 2023...

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