Kathelijne Koops, Walter Akankwasa, Henry Didier Camara, Maegan Fitzgerald, Alex Keir, Gnan Mamy, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, Hella Péter, Kizza Vicent, Klaus Zuberbühler, Catherine Hobaiter
Primate social organizations, or grouping patterns, vary significantly across species. Behavioral strategies that allow for flexibility in grouping patterns offer a means to reduce the costs of group living. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have a fission-fusion social system in which temporary subgroups ("parties") change in composition because of local socio-ecological conditions. Notably, western chimpanzees (P. t. verus) are described as showing a higher degree of bisexual bonding and association than eastern chimpanzees, and eastern female chimpanzees (P...
January 22, 2024: American Journal of Primatology