Archives of Virology

The number of individuals infected with HIV-1 among men who have sex with men (MSM) has risen rapidly in recent years in China, and the subtypes CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and B, as well as many novel unique recombinant forms (URFs) are prevalent among them. Co-circulation of strains among MSM populations allows the generation of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and URFs. In this study, we identified two new URFs from two HIV-1-positive subjects who were infected through homosexual contact in Hebei, China. Analysis of near-full-length genome sequences, using phylogenetic and recombination analysis showed that the two URFs originated from CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and B, and CRF01_AE segments in the backbone of the URFs were derived from cluster 4 of CRF01_AE...

Fusarium oxysporum is a widespread plant pathogen that causes fusarium wilt and fusarium root rot in many economically significant crops. Here, a novel dsRNA virus tentatively named "Fusarium oxysporum virus 1" (FoV1) was identified in F. oxysporum strain 3S-18. The genome of FoV1 is 2,944 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and 2). The larger of these, ORF2, encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 590 amino acids with a molecular mass of 67.52 kDa...

Triple motif protein 21 (TRIM21) has an antiviral function that inhibits various viral infections. However, its role in the progress of influenza A virus (IAV) infection is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of TRIM21 in IAV infection. RT-qPCR was used to determine the level of TRIM21 mRNA, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The levels of the TRIM21, NP, TBK1, IRF3, p-TBK1, and p-IRF3 proteins were estimated by Western blot...

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a neurotropic enterovirus associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) fatalities. In this study, we investigated the impact of EV71 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD4+ T cells. The results showed that pDCs were promptly activated, secreting interferon (IFN)-α and inducing CD4+ T cell proliferation and differentiation during early EV71 infection. This initiated adaptive immune responses and promoted proinflammatory cytokine production by CD4+ T cells. Over time, viral nucleic acids and proteins were synthesized in pDCs and CD4+ T cells...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is one of the world's leading causes of acute gastroenteritis. At present, effective reproduction of the virus in cell cultures remains a challenge for virologists, as there is a lack of a permissive cell line that allows the entire viral life cycle to be reproduced. This is a barrier to the study of the HuNoV life cycle, its tropism, and virus-host interactions. It is also a major hurdle for the development of viral detection platforms, and ultimately for the development of therapeutics...

Species A rotaviruses are the leading viral cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Despite progress in the characterization of the pathogenesis and immunology of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis, correlates of protection (CoPs) in the course of either natural infection or vaccine-induced immunity are not fully understood. There are numerous factors such as serological responses (IgA and IgG), the presence of maternal antibodies (Abs) in breast milk, changes in the intestinal microbiome, and rotavirus structural and non-structural proteins that contribute to the outcome of the CoP...

Pyroptosis, also known as inflammatory necrosis, is a form of programmed cell death, which is an important natural immune response. Pyroptosis plays a major role in combating pathogenic infections. The mechanism of pyroptosis is distinct from other forms of cell death and is characterized by its dependence on inflammatory caspases (mainly caspases 1, 4, 5, and 11). Activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles is involved in caspase-1 activation and cleavage, which in turn triggers cleavage and multimerization of multiple gasdermin family members, including gasdermin-D (GSDMD)...

The complete genome sequence of a novel sadwavirus infecting cattleya orchids in South East Queensland is described. Isometric virions of c. 27 nm diameter were observed in sap extracts viewed under a transmission electron microscope, and the genome sequence of this virus was determined by high-throughput sequencing. The viral genome consists of two RNA components, 5,910 and 4,435 nucleotides (nt) in length, each encoding a long polyprotein, with predicted cleavage sites at H/Y, E/G, Q/S, and Q/G for the RNA1 and T/G for the RNA2 translation products, respectively...

Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4), first identified in 2019 as a newly emerging pathogen, has been found in several provinces of China, as well as in Korea and Thailand. Since PCV4 is not included in immunization programs, epidemiological investigations should be conducted for detection of anti-PCV4 antibodies. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are frequently used for serological analysis of pathogen infections. However, there have been no reports on using PCV4 VLPs for serological investigation of PCV4 infection...

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a disease of cattle that is also known to cause mild infection in buffaloes. To date, there have been no reports of LSD in mithun (Bos frontalis), a bovine species distributed in Northeast India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and parts of China. In the present study, the presence of typical clinical signs, virus isolation, PCR amplification, sequence analysis, and the demonstration of antibodies in serum by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization test, confirmed the occurrence of LSD in mithun for the first time in India...

Group A rotavirus (RVA) sequences were detected in 10.8% (23/212) and 20.7% (87/421) of fecal samples collected in 2017-2022 from wild boars and domestic pigs, using next-generation sequencing. Complete genome sequence analysis of one wild boar and 13 domestic pig RVAs revealed that six of them carried the rare H2 NSP5 genotype. Out of the 39 samples for which the NSP5 genotype could be determined, 23 (59.0%) were of genotype H2. H2 porcine RVAs consist exclusively of Japanese porcine RVAs and exhibit sequence diversity in each segment, suggesting that H2 porcine RVAs may have evolved through reassortment within the Japanese pig population...

A lytic Acinetobacter baumannii phage, isolate vB_AbaM_AB3P2, was isolated from a sewage treatment plant in China. A. baumannii phage vB_AbaM_AB3P2 has a dsDNA genome that is 44,824 bp in length with a G + C content of 37.75%. Ninety-six open reading frames were identified, and no genes for antibiotic resistance or virulence factors were found. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of this phage revealed that it represents a new species in the genus Obolenskvirus. Phage vB_AbaM_AB3P2 has a short latent period (10 min) and high stability at 30-70°C and pH 2-10 and is potentially useful for controlling multi-drug-resistant A...

Tomato necrotic ringspot virus (TNRV) was first reported in Thailand in 2011, where it continues to reduce the yield and quality of pepper and tomato crops. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of TNRV isolate chilli-CR derived from next-generation sequencing. The TNRV genome comprises 16,595 nucleotides (nt) on three RNA segments. The L RNA is 8,858 nt, the M RNA is 4,724 nt, and the S RNA is 3,013 nt in length. The genome structure and organization are typical of orthotospoviruses, encoding five proteins, named L, NSm, GN GC , NSs, and N...

Sampled ticks were screened for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) using an assay that targets the nucleoprotein gene region of the S segment, a conserved region of the CCHFV genome. Minimum infection rates of 0.34% and 0.10% were obtained when testing pools of Hyalomma rufipes and Amblyomma variegatum, respectively. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the S and L segments of the CCHFV isolate clustered with those of similar isolates of genotype III. However, analysis of the M segment showed that reassortment had occurred, causing this segment to cluster with those of isolates of genotype I, providing the first evidence of such an occurrence in Ghana...

The coat protein (CP) of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) yellow strain [CMV(Y)], but not the CMV B2 strain [CMV(B2)], serves as an avirulence determinant against the NB-LRR class RCY1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the avirulence function, a series of binary vectors were constructed by partially exchanging the CP coding sequence between CMV(Y) and CMV(B2) or introducing nucleotide substitutions. These vectors were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transformed with modified RCY1 cDNA...

A novel partitivirus, Fusarium commune partitivirus 1 (FcoPV1), was identified in Fusarium commune strain CP-SX-3 isolated from diseased roots of strawberry with symptoms of root rot. The complete genome of FcoPV1 comprises three double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs): dsRNA1 (1,825 nt), dsRNA2 (1,592 nt), and dsRNA3 (1,421 nt). dsRNA1 contains a single open reading frame (ORF1) encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and dsRNA2 contains a single ORF (ORF2) encoding a coat protein (CP). dsRNA3 is a possible satellite RNA that does not appear to encode a known protein...

Human orf disease (called ecthyma contagiosum or contagious/infectious pustular dermatitis in animals) was confirmed on the fingers of both hands of a 24-year-old female, after feeding diseased lambs with a nursing bottle in April 2023. In addition to skin symptoms, she had low-grade fever (37.6°C) and swollen lymph nodes in both axilla. The presence of orf virus (genus Parapoxvirus, family Poxviridae) was confirmed, and this strain, Baja/2023/HUN (OR372161-OR372163), was found to have > 98% nucleotide sequence identity to sheep-origin orf viruses in four tested genome regions (ORF011/B2L, ORF019, ORF020/VIR, and ORF056)...

In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of a novel totivirus, tentatively named "Mangifera indica totivirus 1" (MiTV1), identified in 'Apple' mango in China. The double-stranded RNA genome of MiTV1 is 4800 base pairs (bp) in length and contains two open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a putative coat protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp and CP amino acid sequences showed that MiTV1 is closely related to members of the genus Totivirus in the family Totiviridae...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.