Clinical Radiology

AIM: To develop a deep-learning model to help general dental practitioners diagnose periodontitis accurately and at an early stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, the panoramic radiographs (PARs) from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were input into the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to establish the PAR-CNN model for healthy controls and periodontitis patients. Then, the PARs from the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were included in the second testing set to validate the effectiveness of the model with data from two centres...

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of intranodular and perinodular computed tomography (CT) radiomics features for predicting the occurrence of pulmonary haemorrhage after percutaneous CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy (PCTLB) in pulmonary nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data for 332 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent PCTLB were reviewed retrospectively. Pulmonary haemorrhage after PCTLB was evaluated using CT (144 cases occurred). Radiomics features based on gross nodular (GNV) and perinodular volumes (PNV) were extracted from pre-biopsy CT images and features selection using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and three radiomics scores (rad-scores) were built...

AIM: To determine the proportion of computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography (CTCA) referrals with coronary artery calcification (CAC) evident on previous non-cardiac CT imaging and how this impacted the diagnostic yield for CTCA, the requirement for additional diagnostic testing, and the associated costs to confirm or refute obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of CTCA examinations was undertaken between 01/05/2018 and 31/05/2020 in which the examinations were cross referenced for previous non-gated thoracic CT at Royal United Hospitals Bath...

Anterior mediastinal masses can be difficult to characterise on computed tomography (CT) due to the wide spectrum of normal appearances of thymic tissue as well as the challenge of differentiating between benign and malignant pathologies. Additionally, attenuation of cystic mediastinal lesions can be misinterpreted on CT due to varying attenuation values. Anecdotally, non-vascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thorax is underutilised across radiology departments in the UK, but has been shown to improve diagnostic certainty and reduce unnecessary surgical intervention...

AIM: To assess the relationship between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) prognosis, baseline skeletal muscle mass, and attenuation on computed tomography (CT) and clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 195 patients. The mean follow-up duration was 42.52 months. Erector spinae muscle area (ESMA), pectoralis muscle area (PMA), and the attenuation of the erector spinae muscle at the level of T12 vertebrae were measured...

AIM: To develop a model using radiomics features extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) to predict the BRAF mutation in patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 220 tumours were classified into two groups. One was a group whose BRAF mutation was identified, and the other group whose BRAF mutation was not identified. We extracted 1,962 radiomics features from gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI treatment-planning images...

AIM: To explore the predictive value of absolute and relative iodine concentrations in the spot sign (SS) and haematoma on gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) for haematoma expansion (HE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) who underwent computed tomography (CT) angiography using GSI were divided into an SS-positive group and an SS-negative group. In the SS-positive group, absolute and relative iodine concentrations in the SS (aICIS and rICIS, respectively) were measured...

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Pancreatic transplantation is an established treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes patients and select type 2 diabetes patients, with excellent survival rates as graft health is evaluated through regular imaging and early detection of complications. Amongst the various imaging methods that may aid in diagnosis of pancreatic transplant complications, ultrasound is a widely available, quick, portable, and cost-effective technique, often used as the sole method to assess for pancreatic transplant complications...

AIM: To examine the diagnostic performance of different models based on computed tomography (CT) imaging features in differentiating the invasiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with multiple pleural contact types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,573 patients with NSCLC (tumour size ≤3 cm) were included retrospectively. The clinical and pathological data and preoperative imaging features of these patients were investigated and their relationships with visceral pleural invasion (VPI) were compared statistically...

AIM: To investigate the feasibility of semiautomatic quantification of mosaic perfusion and the associations between mosaic perfusion on computed tomography (CT; the ratio of hypoperfused parenchyma to the whole lung volume) and haemodynamic parameters through linear regression analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive patients (mean age 66 years, 28 females) diagnosed with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in General University Hospital, Prague, in 2021 were evaluated retrospectively and underwent both right heart catheterisation and CT pulmonary angiography...

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AIM: To assess the value of deep-learning reconstruction (DLR) at submillisievert computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of the female pelvis, with standard dose (SD) hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) images as reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study enrolled 50 female patients consecutively who underwent contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT for clinically indicated reasons. Submillisievert pelvic images were acquired using a noise index of 15 for low-dose (LD) scans, which were reconstructed with DLR (body and body sharp), hybrid-IR, and model-based IR (MBIR)...

AIM: To audit UK radiology departmental protocols related to the prevention of Iodine-based contrast media (ICM) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and to assess their compliance with the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) endorsed Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists' 2018 Iodinated Contrast Guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to all UK acute National Health Service (NHS) providers treating adult patients with an audit lead registered with the RCR (162 providers encompassing 211 hospital radiology departments)...

AIM: To compare the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters, specifically true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D∗), and perfusion fraction (f) for quantitatively differentiating benign and malignant renal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in the EMBASE and PubMed databases before September 2022 to identify studies in English investigating the diagnostic accuracy of DWI and IVIM in renal lesions...

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AIM: To determine risk factors for portal venous system thrombosis (PVST) after partial splenic artery embolisation (PSAE) in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2014 and February 2022, 428 cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism underwent partial splenic artery embolisation and from these patients 208 were enrolled and 220 were excluded. Medical records of enrolled patients were collected. Computed tomography (CT) images were reviewed by two blinded, independent radiologists...