Indian Journal of Medical Research

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Cerebral contusion (CC) results in a release of catecholamines, autonomic dysfunction and neural stimulation that can lead to a number of cardiac adverse events, so it is critical to determine these. So the objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of electrocardiographic changes, particularly the effects of a prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval in CC. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 110 patients with CC were evaluated...

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a reliable first line treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Nevertheless, despite promising results, a considerable proportion of patients develop resistance to the drug. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a crucial role in IM metabolism. Thus, point mutations in CYP genes may modify IM enzyme activity resulting in insufficient treatment response. This investigation was aimed to identify the functional impact of CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*18 and CYP2B6*6 polymorphisms on the IM response in patients with CML in Azerbaijan...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Despite being a tropical country, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in India with studies indicating 40-99 per cent prevalence. Apart from calcium and phosphate metabolism, vitamin D is involved in cell cycle regulation, cardiovascular, hepatoprotection. The metabolism of vitamin D is regulated by vitamin D tool genes (CYP2R1/CYP27B1/CYP24A1/VDR). The promoter regions of some of these genes have CpG islands, making them prone to methylation induced gene silencing, which may cause a reduction in circulating vitamin D levels...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and H5N8 viruses have been one of the leading causes of avian diseases worldwide, resulting in severe economic losses and posing potential zoonotic risk. There are no reports on the correlation of the seasonality of H5N1 and H5N8 viruses with the migratory bird season in India, along with the species affected. The present report describes the distribution and seasonality of HPAI outbreaks in India from 2006 to 2021...

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: : The post-acute effects of COVID-19 are continually being updated. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the determinants of post discharge mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, especially 18-45 yr of age. METHODS: : A series of three nested case-control analyses was conducted on follow up data collected in the National Clinical Registry for COVID-19 between September 2020 and February 2023 from 31 hospitals. Matching (1:4) was done by the date of hospital admission ±14 days for the following comparisons: (i) case-patients reported as dead vs...

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: : Studies have shown that apart from hereditary breast carcinomas, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) mutations conferring to its loss are seen in sporadic breast carcinomas (SBC) as well. The aim of the present study was to assess BRCA1 methylation in females presenting at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, with SBC by both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation PCR with respect to hormonal profile and various morphological prognostic parameters...

INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 guidelines provided by the Centre were found to be useful at district levels. However, there was a need to make some operational and administrative modifications in order to implement these guidelines locally and to ensure their acceptability. RESULTS: Challenges faced in implementing quarantine rules were numerous, and it was also compounded by stigma attached with the disease. The need for adapting the guidelines as per local considerations, inclusion of components of financial management at local level, management of tribal and vulnerable populations and migrants in COVID context were strongly suggested...

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: : Celiac disease (CD) is a genetic immune mediated disorder characterised by gluten intolerance. This single centre study, from north India was aimed to assess the clinical, serological and histological profile of CD in a large cohort of children and the changing trends in its presentation. METHODS: : A review of clinical details of CD children diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 and currently on follow up was performed. Information on demography, symptoms, associated conditions, serology, biopsy findings and gluten-free diet were analyzed...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: High transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 has significant implications on healthcare workers' safety, preservation, handling, transportation and disposal of the deceased bodies. The objective of this study was to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen in nasopharyngeal samples and its implications in handling and care of COVID-19 deceased bodies. METHODS: A study was conducted at a dedicated COVID-19 centre on deceased individuals from April to December 2020...

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Calcium and vitamin D, separately or in combination are usually prescribed to prevent fragility fractures in elderly population. However, there are conflicting results regarding the ideal dosage and overall efficacy obtained from randomized controlled trials conducted in the past. The objective is to assess the fracture risk with the administration of calcium or vitamin D alone or in combination in elderly population (>60 yr). METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases were searched to identify the studies from inception to February 2021 with keywords, 'vitamin D', 'calcium' and 'fracture' to identify randomized controlled trials...