British Journal of Radiology

OBJECTIVES: Metallic implants cause artefacts and distortion on MRI. To ensure accurate dose delivery and plan adaptation on an MR Linac, there is a need to evaluate distortion caused. METHODS: Participants were imaged on an MR Linac (Elekta Unity™). Three sequences were evaluated. Two vendor supplied (T2W TSE 3D), and one T2W TSE 3D optimised to reduce metal artefact distortions. Images were rigidly registered to CT images by a single observer, using bony anatomy...

This review aims to serve as a foundational resource for general radiologists, enhancing their understanding of the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in early prognostication for newborns diagnosed with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The article explores the application of MRI as a predictive instrument for determining long-term outcomes in newborns affected by HIE. With HIE constituting a leading cause of neonatal mortality and severe long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, early identification of prognostic indicators is crucial for timely intervention and optimal clinical management...

OBJECTIVES: A 2021 safety alert restricted endovascular gelfoam use in Australia and resulted in an embargo on gelfoam sales to IR departments. This study aimed to show that gelfoam is safe in a population of trauma patients with pelvic injury, and discuss the basis of the recent controversies. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study between 1 January 2010 and 21 May 2021 of patients who underwent gelfoam embolisation for pelvic arterial haemorrhage. Primary outcome was the rate of adverse events related to intravascular gelfoam administration...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical features in identifying ovarian thecoma-fibroma (OTF) with cystic degeneration and ovary adenofibroma (OAF). METHODS: A total of 40 patients with OTF (OTF group) and 28 patients with OAF (OAF group) were included in this retrospective study. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed on clinical features and MRI between the two groups, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to estimate the optimal threshold and predictive performance...

PURPOSE: To evaluate intra-patient and interobserver agreement in patients who underwent liver MRI with gadoxetic acid using two different multi-arterial phase techniques. METHODS: 154 prospectively enrolled patients underwent clinical gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI twice within 12 months, using two different multi-arterial algorithms: CAIPIRINHA-VIBE and TWIST-VIBE. For every patient, breath-holding time, body mass index, sex, age were recorded. The phase without contrast media and the arterial phases were independently evaluated by two radiologists who quantified Gibbs artefacts, noise, respiratory motion artefacts and general image quality...

OBJECTIVE: Assess automated CT imaging biomarkers in patients who went on to hip fracture, compared with controls. METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, 6926 total patients underwent initial abdominal CT over a 20-year interval at one institution. 1308 patients (mean age at initial CT, 70.5 ± 12.0 years; 64.4% female) went on to hip fracture (mean time to fracture, 5.2 years); 5618 were controls (mean age 70.3 ± 12...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical value of using a split-bolus contrast injection protocol in improving image quality consistency and diagnostic accuracy in lower extremity CT angiography (CTA). METHODS: Fifty (mean age, 66 ± 12 years) and thirty-nine (mean age, 66 ± 11 years) patients underwent CTA in the lower extremity arteries using split-bolus and fixed-bolus injection schemes, respectively. The objective and subjective image quality of the two groups were compared and the diagnostic efficacy for the degree of vessel stenosis was compared using DSA as the gold standard...

OBJECTIVES: Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for brain metastases (BM) allows very good local control (LC). However, approximately 20 to 30% of these lesions will recur. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of dosimetric parameters on LC in cerebral SRT. METHODS: Patients treated with SRT for 1-3 BM between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively included. A total of 349 patients with 538 lesions were included. The median gross tumor volume (GTV) was 2 cm3 (IQR, 0-7)...

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that a T2 periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) technique using deep learning reconstruction (DLR) will provide better image quality and decrease image noise. METHODS: From December 2020 to March 2021, 35 patients examined cervical spine MRI were included in this study. Four sets of images including FSE, original PROPELLER, PROPELLER DLR50%, and DLR75% were quantitatively and qualitatively reviewed...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential values of radiomics signatures of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) in identifying patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: In total, 149, 227, and 244 patients were clinically diagnosed with ACS, chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), and without coronary artery disease (CAD), respectively, and were retrospectively analyzed and randomly divided into training and testing cohorts at a 2:1 ratio. From the PCATs of the proximal left anterior descending branch, left circumflex branch, and right coronary artery (RCA), the pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) value and radiomics signatures were calculated, among which features closely related to ACS were screened out...

BACKGROUND: Transarterial embolization (TAE) for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) can be technically challenging due to the compromise between achieving hemostasis and causing tissue ischemia. The goal of the present study is to determine its technical success, rebleeding, and post-embolization ischemia rates through meta-analysis of published literature in the last twenty-years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were queried...

OBJECTIVE: Although radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been considered as the favorable treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there still had some challenges for new recurrence after RFA. The present study aims to determine the factors affected recurrence and develop an effective model to predict intrahepatic recurrence-free survival (RFS). METHODS: Patients with HCC followed by RFA between 2000 and 2021 were included in this study. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factors and establish the nomogram predicting intrahepatic RFS after RFA...

Calcific tendinopathy is characterized by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in various tendons of the body. Terms like calcium tendinitis, tendinosis, and tendinopathy are used interchangeably. Calcific tendinopathy is a common and well-documented ailment in the literature. Although common, the natural history, etiology, and progression of calcific tendinitis are poorly understood. The treatment options include conservative and interventional measures. However, these measures cannot be applied as a blanket and are often tailored depending on the stage/phase of the disease...

OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence of Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules (IPN) and the rate of progression of IPN to metastasis in patients with primary bone cancers. We also aimed to evaluate clinical or radiological parameters that may identify IPNs more likely to progress to metastatic disease and their effect on overall or event-free survival in patients with primary bone sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of the electronic databases Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library was undertaken for eligible articles on IPNs in patients with primary bone sarcomas, published in the English language from inception of the databases to 2023...

OBJECTIVES: To assess if brake response times are altered pre and post CT-guided cervical spine nerve root injections. METHODS: Brake response times were assessed before and after CT-guided cervical spine nerve root injections in a cohort of patients. The average of three brake response times was recorded before and 30 minutes after injection. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad. A paired student T-test was used to compare the times before and after the injections...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) applied to radiology is so vast that it provides applications ranging from becoming a complete replacement for radiologists (a potential threat) to an efficient paperwork-saving time assistant (an evident strength). Nowadays, there are AI applications developed to facilitate the diagnostic process of radiologists without directly influencing (or replacing) the proper diagnostic decision step. These tools may help to reduce administrative workload, in different scenarios ranging from assisting in scheduling, study prioritization, or report communication, to helping with patient follow-up, including recommending additional exams...

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited myocardial disease characterised by left ventricular hypertrophy, which carries an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The age of presentation and the underlying aetiology have a significant impact on the prognosis and quality of life of children with HCM, as childhood-onset HCM is associated with high mortality risk and poor long-term outcomes. Accurate cardiac assessment and identification of the HCM phenotype are therefore crucial to determine the diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and follow-up...

Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are biological engineered tissues, which may provide an immunologically inert scaffold in breast reconstruction. Since the literature on imaging features of ADMs is limited, radiologists must be aware of the common imaging appearances of ADM, to differentiate normal conformation from residual or recurrent disease. Our purpose is to review the current role of ADMs in implant-based breast reconstruction, describing the normal imaging findings at ultrasound, mammography, and MRI also considering the possible changes over time...

Pathologies of the vagina are important causes of symptoms related to the genital tract in women. They can be missed on transabdominal ultrasonography (USG), which is the baseline modality used for evaluation of gynaecological complaints. Transperineal USG and MRI are the imaging modalities of choice for evaluation of the vagina. Diseases of the vagina can be grouped depending upon the age group in which they occur. In children and young adults, congenital anomalies like longitudinal or transverse vaginal septum, imperforate hymen, vaginal aplasia or atresia, and rectovaginal fistula can be seen...

OBJECTIVE: The accurate clinical diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis plays an important role in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This study aimed to explore and summarize a more objective approach to detect cervical malignant lymph node metastasis of DTC via radiomics models. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for all eligible studies. Articles using radiomics models based on ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging to assess cervical lymph node metastasis preoperatively were included...