British Journal of Radiology

OBJECTIVES: To assess whole-joint histogram analysis of mono-exponential and bi-exponential diffusion weighted and diffusion kurtosis imaging in evaluating disease activity of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS: A total of 82 patients with axial spondyloarthritis who underwent both DKI and multi b diffusion weighted imaging of the sacroiliac joints were divided into active and inactive disease groups based on clinical activity indices. Another 17 patients with nonspecific low back pain were included as a control group...

OBJECTIVE: Objective assessments of disease activity and response to treatment in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) remain a challenge; quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) of inflammation could enhance assessments of disease activity and therapeutic response. We aimed to determine the responsiveness of QIBs obtained from diffusion-weighted imaging (DW-MRI) and chemical shift-encoded MRI (CSE-MRI) using the partially-automated Bone Edema and Adiposity Characterisation with Histograms (BEACH) software tool in axSpA patients undergoing biologic therapy...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the evolution of CT radiation dose in pediatric patients undergoing hybrid 2-[18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-[18 F]FDG) PET/CT between 2007 and 2021. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from all pediatric patients aged 0-18 years who underwent hybrid 2-[18 F]FDG PET/CT of the body between January 2007 and May 2021 was reviewed. Demographic and imaging parameters were collected. A board-certified radiologist reviewed all CT scans and measured image noise in the brain, liver and adductor muscles...

OBJECTIVE: Fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes (LNs) are unique sites for ectopic fat deposition. Early studies showed a strong correlation between fatty LNs and obesity-related diseases. Confirming this correlation requires large-scale studies, hindered by scarce labeled data. With the long-term goal of developing a rapid and generalizable tool to aid data labeling, we developed an automated deep learning (DL)-based pipeline to classify the status of fatty LNs on screening mammograms...

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that driver mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are associated with decreased pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NA-ChRT) in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). METHODS: Patients with stage IIB-IIIA NSCLC treated with NA-ChRT, completion surgery, and underwent molecular profile testing were identified in a lung cancer database. Pathologic response was quantified using: (i) major pathologic response (MPR), (ii) complete pathologic response (pCR), and (iii) mean residual viable tumor cells (MRTC)...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate role of low dose radiotherapy (LDRT) in COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: Sixty-five patients 40 years or older tested positive for COVID-19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with mild to moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), were randomised 1:1, from fourth June 2021, to either best standard of care (control arm) according to the Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines or a single dose of Low Dose Radiotherapy (LDRT-0...

OBJECTIVE: Dense breasts are an established risk factor for breast cancer and also reduce the sensitivity of mammograms. There is increasing public concern around breast density in the UK, with calls for this information to be shared at breast cancer screening. METHODS: We searched the PubMed database, Cochrane Library and grey literature, using broad search terms in October 2022. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of each included study...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantify both the intra- and inter tracer repeatability of lesion-level radiomics features in [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [18 F]F-PSMA-1007 PET scans. METHODS: Eighteen patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) were prospectively recruited for the study and randomised to one of three test-retest groups: (i) intra tracer [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET, (ii) intra tracer [18 F]F-PSMA-1007 PET or (iii) inter tracer between [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [18 F]F-PSMA-1007 PET...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of high-frequency ultrasonography in the diagnosis of painful talocalcaneal coalition (TCC) and its complications. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients (84 feet) with abnormal mass and pain in the medial malleolus were suspected of TCC preoperatively and examined by high-frequency ultrasonography, radiograph, and CT. The sonographic characteristics of the affected feet were analyzed preoperatively and compared with the surgical findings...

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an MR-based radiomics nomogram combining different imaging sequences (ADC mapping and T 2 weighted imaging ( T 2 WI)), different tumor regions (combined intra- and peritumoral regions), and different parameters (clinical features, tumor morphological features, and radiomics features) while considering different MR field strengths in predicting deep myometrial invasion (MI) in Stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEA). METHODS: A total of 202 patients were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two cohorts (training cohort, 1...

OBJECTIVES: Radiotherapy treatment planning relies upon density information provided by CT for accurate dose calculations. Hounsfield units are converted to electron/physical density via an energy dependant calibration curve. Multiple curves are required to make full use of the available accelerating potentials (kVp). The curves are bi-linear with a discontinuity occurring at soft-tissue densities. The commercial algorithm, DirectDensityTM (Siemens Healthineers), constructs a single calibration curve covering all available kVp...

OBJECTIVES: We search the current literature on data regarding the role of RT in OM treatment, focusing on improvement of symptoms and patient quality of life. METHODS: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. RESULTS: From 340 citations, 60 papers were finally selected: 45 case reports and 15 case series. The case reports accounted for 47 patients. In 37/39 cases (95%) EBRT was done...

OBJECTIVES: To develop and evaluate a fully automated method based on deep learning and phantomless internal calibration for BMD measurement and opportunistic low BMD (osteopenia and osteoporosis) screening using chest LDCT scans. METHODS: A total of 1175 individuals were enrolled in this study, who underwent both chest LDCT and BMD examinations with quantitative computed tomography (QCT), by two different CT scanners (Siemens and GE). Two convolutional neural network (CNN) models were employed for vertebral body segmentation and labeling, respectively...

OBJECTIVES: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques are being studied as a possible diagnostic and predictive tool for the evaluation of cervical spinal cord disease. This systematic review aims to evaluate the previous DTI studies that specifically investigated the repeatability and reproducibility of DTI in the cervical spinal cord. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A search in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Ovid electronic databases was conducted for articles published between January 1990 and February 2022 that related to the repeatability and reproducibility of DTI in evaluating the cervical spinal cord using one of the following measurements: the intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) and/or the coefficient of variation (CV), and/or Bland-Altman (BA) differences analysis methods...

This review article provides an overview of acute and chronic venous occlusion, a condition that can cause significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated promptly. The article begins with an introduction to the anatomy of the venous system, followed by a discussion of the causes and clinical features of venous occlusion. The diagnostic tools available for the assessment of venous occlusion, including imaging modalities such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI, are then discussed, along with their respective advantages and limitations...

OBJECTIVES: To predict KRAS mutation in rectal cancer (RC) through computer vision of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) by using metric learning (ML). METHODS: This study included 160 patients with RC who had undergone preoperative PET/CT. KRAS mutation was identified through polymerase chain reaction analysis. This model combined ML with the deep learning framework to analyze PET data with or without CT images...

OBJECTIVES: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using 1.5T or 3.0T systems is routinely employed for assessing wrist pathology, however, due to off-resonance artifacts and high power deposition, these high-field systems have drawbacks for real-time (RT) imaging of the moving wrist. Recently, high-performance 0.55T MRI systems have become available. In this proof-of-concept study we tested the hypothesis that RT-MRI during continuous, active, and uninterrupted wrist motion is feasible with a high-performance 0...

OBJECTIVES: To compare relative Fat Fraction (rFF) of active bone lesions from breast, prostate and myeloma malignancies and normal bone marrow; to assess its inter-reader agreement. METHODS: Patients with breast ( n = 26), myeloma ( n = 32) and prostate cancer ( n = 52) were retrospectively evaluated. 110 baseline rFF maps from whole-body MRI were reviewed by two radiologists. ROIs for up to four focal active lesions in each patient were drawn on rFF maps, one each at the cervicothoracic spine, lumbosacral spine, pelvis and extremity...

OBJECTIVE: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is an independent risk factor for the early recurrence and poor survival of HCC. This study aims to investigate the potential clinical value of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US)-Sonazoid in preoperatively assessing MVI in HCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This single centre prospective study included 140 patients with histopathologically-confirmed single HCC lesions. Patients were classified according to the post-operative pathological information presence of MVI: MVI + group ( n = 32) and MVI- group ( n = 108)...

OBJECTIVES: The R adiation R isk I n M ammography S creening (RRIMS) model was introduced as a novel tool to help females accurately calculate their lifetime mean glandular dose (MGD) and estimate their population-level risk of radiation-induced breast cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS: The model's accuracy was evaluated by comparing the received MGD of 317 women who had undergone a total of 733 visits across one to four rounds of screening. This was achieved by comparing the RRIMS predicted dose values with the same examination dose calculated manually by hand...