British Journal of Nutrition

Methotrexate (MTX) is a cytotoxic immunosuppressant that is widely used in the treatment of tumours, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. This study aims to evaluate the effects of whey proteins on MTX-induced liver and kidney damage by focusing on oxidant-antioxidant systems and eating habits. The study was conducted in four groups of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats (control, control+whey protein concentrate (WPC), methotrexate, methotrexate+WPC. A single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX was administered intraperitoneally to the MTX groups...

The G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) sensing nutritional signals (amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, etc.) are not fully understood. In this research, we used transcriptome-sequencing to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mouse mammary gland tissues at puberty, lactation and involution stages, in which 8 GPCRs were selected out and verified by qRT-PCR assay. It was further identified the role of GPR110 mediating nutrients including palmitic acid (PA) and methionine (Met) to improve milk synthesis using mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11...

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cells after binding to the membrane-bound receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but this may be prevented through interception by soluble ACE2 (sACE2) or by inhibition of the ACE2 receptor, thus obstructing cell entry and replication. The main objective of this study was to investigate if fish intake affected the concentration of sACE2 in rats. The secondary aim was to evaluate the in vitro ACE2 inhibiting activity of fish proteins...

Deficiency of essential trace element, selenium, has been implicated in adverse birth outcomes and in child linear growth because of its important role in redox biology and associated antioxidant effects. We used data from a randomized controlled trial conducted among a cohort of pregnant and lactating women in Dhaka, Bangladesh to examine associations between selenium biomarkers in whole blood (WBSe), serum and selenoprotein P (SEPP1) in maternal delivery and venous cord (VC) blood. Associations between selenium biomarkers, birth weight and infant growth outcomes (age adjusted length, weight, head circumference and weight-for-length z-scores) at birth, one, and two years of age were examined using regression analyses...

In recent years, obesity is a growing pandemic in the world and has likely contributed to increasing the incidence of obesity related diseases. Fat mass and obesity associated gene ( FTO ) is the first gene discovered which has close connection with fat. Recent studies suggested FTO gene has played an important role in the molecular mechanisms of many diseases. Obesity is considered to be a hereditary disease and it can evoke many kinds of diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, etc...

Cognitive decline is a public health problem for the world's aging population. This study was to evaluate the relationships between serum iron, blood lead, cadmium, mercury, selenium, and manganese and cognitive decline in elderly Americans. Data of this cross-sectional study was extracted from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2014). Cognitive performance was measured by the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), Animal fluency, and digit symbol substitution test (DSST) tests...

Animal studies have shown that capsaicin plays a positive role in weight management. However, the results in human research are controversial. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of capsaicin on weight loss in adults. We searched PubMed, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Cochrane library and clinical registration center, identifying all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English and Chinese to May 3, 2022. A random effect model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI)...

The final stage of iron deficiency is iron deficiency anemia, with repercussions for human health, especially in children under five. Studies conducted in Brazilian public daycare centers show high prevalence of anemia. The present study aims to evaluate the availability of iron in the meals of the Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education in Maceió. The experimental design comprises: selection of algorithms; menu evaluation; calculation of the estimates; comparison between the estimates obtained and the recommendations; and analysis of correlation between meal constituents, and of the concordance between the absorbable iron estimates...

Several studies have examined the association between CD36 rs1761667 polymorphism with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to investigate the interactions between rs1761667 polymorphism and dietary patterns on the cardiometabolic risk factors and the risk of MetS in apparently healthy individuals aged 20-70 years. Food consumption data were acquired using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. CD36 rs1761667 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism...

We aimed to investigate the association of metabolic obesity phenotypes with all-cause mortality risk in a rural Chinese population. This prospective cohort study enrolled 15,704 Chinese adults (38.86% men) with a median age of 51.00 (IQR: 41.00-60.00) at baseline (2007-2008) and followed up during 2013-2014. Obesity was defined by waist circumference (WC: ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR: ≥0.5). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of all-cause mortality related to metabolic obesity phenotypes were calculated using the Cox hazards regression model...

Vegan and vegetarian diets are widely supported and adopted, but individuals following such diets remain at greater risk of iodine deficiency. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the iodine intake and status in adults following a vegan or vegetarian diet in the modern day. A systematic review and quality assessment were conducted from October 2020-December 2022 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidance...

Despite the increasing market share of commercial complementary foods, their nutritional characteristics and those associated with the price of products are still unknown in Japan. We compared the nutritional characteristics of commercially available complementary foods of different price levels in Japan. Data were obtained from the websites of Japanese brands of infant and young children's food. Nutrient profiles (unit/100 g), ingredients, and food additives were compared between low- and high-priced products by product type...

Food fortification improves vitamin D intakes but is not yet mandated in many countries. Combining vitamin D with different dietary lipids altered vitamin D absorption in in-vitro and postprandial studies. This randomised, placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of the lipid composition of a vitamin D fortified dairy drink on change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Sixty-three healthy adults aged 50+ years were randomised to one of the following for 4 weeks: vitamin D fortified olive oil dairy drink, vitamin D fortified coconut oil dairy drink, vitamin D supplement or placebo control dairy drink...

Frequent ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is consistently associated with poor health outcomes. Little is known about UPF intake during early childhood and its effects on growth. We assessed UPFs in relation to child anthropometry, bone maturation, and their nutrition profiles in a rural Ecuadorian community. Covariate-adjusted regression models estimated relationships between UPF intake from a 24-hour food frequency questionnaire and three outcomes: linear growth, weight status, and bone maturation. Nutrition Profiling Models (NPM) evaluated a convenience sample of UPFs (n=28) consumed by children in the community...

The study aimed to explore the relationships of skeletal muscle mass with disease severity in MAFLD patients with different methods. Consecutive subjects undergoing bioelectrical impedance analysis were included. The steatosis grade and liver fibrosis were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction and two-dimensional shear wave elastography. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was adjusted by height2 (ASM/H2 ), weight (ASM/W) and body mass index (ASM/BMI). Overall, 2223 subjects (50...

This study aimed to assess the validity of mid-arm circumference (MAC), also known as mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for classification of high body fatness in Namibian adolescent girls and women, and to test whether classification accuracy of MUAC was higher than the traditional simple proxy for high fatness, the BMI. In 206 adolescent girls aged 13-19 years, and 207 adult women aged 20-40 years we defined obesity conventionally (BMI-for-age Z score ≥2.00, adolescents; adults BMI≥30.0 kg/m2 ), and also defined obesity using published MAC cut-off values...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

There is still controversy about optimal dietary iodine intake as the Universal Salt Iodization (USI) policy enforcement in China. A modified iodine balance study was thus conducted to explore the suitable iodine intake in Chinese adult males using the iodine overflow hypothesis. In this study, 38 apparently healthy males (19.1±0.6 years) were recruited and provided with designed diets. After the 14-days iodine depletion, daily iodine intake gradually increased in the 30-days iodine supplementation, consisting of 6 stages and each of 5-days...

Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health, but its effects on bone health are less clear. This review aims to summarize and critically evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence on IF regimes ( the 5:2 diet , alternate-day fasting [ADF] and time-restricted eating/feeding [TRE/TRF]) and bone health outcomes. Animal studies have utilised IF alongside other dietary practices known to elicit detrimental effects on bone health and/or in models mimicking specific conditions, thus, findings from these studies are difficult to apply to humans...

Improving diet quality is recognized as a double-duty action that can simultaneously address multiple forms of malnutrition. This study aimed to assess diet quality among non-pregnant non-lactating women of reproductive age (WRA) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and compare. A one-day quantitative 24h-recall was conducted among 653 non-pregnant/non-lactating women. Diet quality, assessed using the women dietary diversity score (WDDS), the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), and the Nova 4 classification reflecting consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) were compared...