British Journal of Nutrition

Obesity is multifactorial pathophysiological condition with an imbalance in biochemical, immunochemical, redox status and genetic parameters values. We aimed estimate connection between relative leukocyte telomere lengths (rLRL) - biomarker of cellular aging with metabolic and redox status biomarkers values in a group of obese and lean children. The study includes 110 obese and 42 lean children and adolescents, both genders. The results suggested that rLTL are significantly shorter in obese, compared to lean group (p<0,01)...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of lipid metabolism. Recent studies have suggested synbiotics may modulate miRNA expression and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on circulating miR-27a, miR-33a, and lipid parameters in patients with dyslipidemia. Fifty-six eligible participants were randomly allocated to receive either synbiotic or placebo sachets twice a day for 12 weeks. Each synbiotic sachet contained 3×1010 CFU six species of probiotic microorganisms and 5 grams of inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) as prebiotics...

Prisoners experience a higher burden of poor health, aggressive behaviours and worsening mental health than the general population. This systematic review aimed to identify research that used nutrition-based interventions in prisons, focusing on outcomes of mental health and behaviours. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO on the 26th of January 2022: CRD42022293370. Inclusion criteria comprised of current prisoners with no limit on time, location, age, sex, or ethnicity. Only quantitative research in the English language was included...

Diet quality has been associated with mental health, and recently, there has been growing interest in the association between sustainability of diets and human health. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between a newly developed dietary index for health and sustainability, and psychological disorders among Iranian women. Participants in this cross-sectional study included 479 women living in Tehran with no history of chronic disease. A validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake...

Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of stroke and depression. We aimed to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and depression in American adults with stroke. Adults with stroke were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005 and 2018 in the United States. The DII was obtained from a 24-h dietary recall interview for each individual. Multivariate regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between DII and depression in adults with stroke...

Prebiotic fibre represents a promising and efficacious treatment to manage pre-diabetes, acting via complementary pathways involving the gut microbiome and viscosity-related properties. In this study, we evaluated the effect of using a diverse prebiotic fibre supplement on glycaemic, lipid, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with pre-diabetes. Sixty-six patients diagnosed with pre-diabetes (yet not receiving glucose-lowering medications) were randomised into treatment (n = 33) and placebo (n = 33) interventions...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and the mental health of pregnant women from the South of Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Criciúma, Brazil, through face-to-face interviews, from April to December 2022. Pregnant women aged 18 or older who underwent prenatal care in the 48 Basic Health Units of the municipality and who were in their third trimester of pregnancy were included. High consumption of UPF was considered as 6 or more items or subgroups of UPF consumed on the day before the interview, using the Nova-UPF screener...

Carotenoids are generally associated with health-beneficial effects; however, their intake patterns related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components remains controversial. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between dietary intakes of individual carotenoids, fruits and vegetables, and the MetS and its components. Dietary intakes of 1346 participants of the ORISCAV-LUX-2 study were investigated by a 174 item-food frequency questionnaire, and carotenoid intake was determined by linking findings using mainly the USDA food databases...

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Malnutrition significantly hampers wound healing processes. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). GLIM criteria were evaluated for sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative PV (NPV), and kappa (κ) against SGA as the reference. Modified Poisson regression model and the DeLong test investigated the association between malnutrition and non-healing ulcers over six months...

Effects of acute thermal exposures on appetite appear hypothetical in reason of very heterogeneous methodologies. The aim of this study was therefore to clearly define the effects of passive 24-h cold (16°C) and heat (32°C) exposures on appetitive responses compared to a thermo neutral condition (24°C). Twenty-three healthy, young, and active male participants realised three sessions (from 1 pm) in a laboratory conceived like an apartment dressed with the same outfit (Clo=1). Three meals composed of three or four cold or warm dishes were served ad libitum to assess energy intake (EI)...

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of ageing on oral immunity using β -defensin (DEFB) 1/2 as a marker and evaluate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on these processes. The study sample included thirty male C57BL/6J mice divided into three groups based on the treatment method used. The young control (YC) and old control (OC) groups received 0·5 % methylcellulose-400 (CUR vehicle) orally for 5 days, whereas the CUR group of older mice received a CUR solution suspended in 0·5 % methylcellulose-400 (dose: 3·0 mg/kg body)...

Analysing customer loyalty card data is a novel method for assessing nutritional quality and changes in a population's food consumption. However, prior to its use, the thousands of grocery products available in stores must be reclassified from the retailer's original hierarchical structure into a structure that is suitable for the use of nutrition and health research. We created LoCard Food Classification (LCFC) and examined how it reflects the nutritional quality of the grocery product groups. Nutritional quality was considered the main criterion guiding the reclassification of the 3574 grocery product groups...

The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of household purchase of added sugars and their main food sources in Brazil. Nationally representative data from the Household Budget Surveys from 2002-03, 2008-09 and 2017-18 were used. Energy and added sugar quantities were estimated by means of per capita food quantities. The following items were considered as food sources: 1. table sugar: refined sugar and other caloric sweeteners; and 2) processed and ultra-processed foods with added sugar: soft drinks; other drinks; sweets, candies, and chocolates; cookies; cakes and pies; and other foods...

Our aim was to estimate associations of adolescent dietary patterns and meal habits with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and preterm birth. We used data from a prospective cohort study (Norwegian Young-HUNT1) where dietary information was collected during adolescence and pregnancy outcomes were obtained through record linkage to the Norwegian national birth registry. The outcomes were HDP, hypertension, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, and preterm birth in the first pregnancy and in any pregnancy. Diet was self-reported from validated questionnaires and exposures were dietary indexes (healthy; unhealthy; fruit and vegetable; fibre index) and meal habits...

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency is widely reported and may affect perinatal outcomes. In this secondary analysis of the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT), we examined vitamin D status and its relationship with selected pregnancy outcomes in women with obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2 ) from multi-ethnic inner-city settings in the UK. Determinants of vitamin D status at a mean of 17±1 weeks' gestation were assessed using multivariable linear regression and reported as percent differences in serum hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)...

The purpose of this study was to compare single- and multi-frequency bioimpedance (BIA) devices against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for appendicular lean mass (ALM) and muscle quality index (MQI) metrics in Hispanic adults. One hundred thirty-one Hispanic adults (18-55 years) participated in this study. ALM was measured with single-frequency bioimpedance analysis (SFBIA), multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis (MFBIA) and DXA. ALMTOTAL (left arm + right arm + left leg + right leg) and ALMARMS (left arm + right arm) were computed for all three devices...

Nitrogen-balance, the principal methodology used to derive recommendations for human protein and amino-acid requirements, has been widely criticised, and calls for increased protein and amino-acid requirement recommendation have been made, often on the basis of post-prandial amino-acid tracer-kinetic studies of muscle protein synthesis, or of amino-acid oxidation. In each case, for such studies to inform about requirements over 24hrs or longer, it is arguable that their design and interpretation should take into account an understanding of the impact of varying protein intakes on homeostatic regulation of the FFM throughout the diurnal cycle of feeding and fasting...

Machine learning methods have been used in identifying omics markers for a variety of phenotypes. We aimed to examine whether a supervised machine learning algorithm can improve identification of alcohol-associated transcriptomic markers. In this study, we analyzed array-based, whole-blood derived expression data for 17,873 gene transcripts in 5,508 Framingham Heart Study participants. By using the Boruta algorithm, a supervised Random Forest (RF)-based feature selection method, we selected 25 alcohol-associated transcripts...

The ability to provide adequate nutrition is considered a key factor in evaluating the sustainability of foods and diets. Nutrient indices are used as functional units (FUs) in life cycle assessment of foods to include nutritional performance in the environmental assessment of a product. Several general and food group-specific nutrient indices exist but many lack validation, particularly when used as FU. In addition, the nutrient selection strategies and reference units for nutrient intake can vary considerably among studies...