Neuroendocrinology

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral swelling and brain injury in ischemic stroke are closely related to increased vasopressin (VP) secretion. How to alleviate ischemic brain injury by suppressing VP hypersecretion through simply available approaches remains to be established. METHODS: Using a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), testing effects of intranasal application of 0.09% NaCl (IAL) on brain damages, VP neuronal activity, synaptic inputs, astrocytic plasticity, olfactory bulb (OB) activity in immunohistochemistry, patch-clamp recording, Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation...

INTRODUCTION: Male prolactinomas are uncommon and typically macroadenomas with difficult treatment and management. This purpose of this study is to summarize the treatment and management experiences of 254 male prolactinoma patients at a single center. METHODS: This was a ten-year retrospective study conducted at a single-center. A total of 254 male prolactinoma were included. Clinical data for all subjects were collected using an electronic medical record system...

INTRODUCTION: The actions of thyroid hormones (THs) in the central nervous system (CNS) are relevant to food intake and energy expenditure. TH receptors (TRs) exhibit high expression in brain areas modulating energy balance, including the arcuate, paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic, and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamic nuclei. METHODS: To examine the role of THs in the regulation of energy balance via action in specific hypothalamic nuclei of the adult mouse, we performed experiments of conditional inactivation of DIO3, the enzyme responsible for the clearance of THs, in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and VMH and PVN hypothalamic nuclei...

Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of epithelial tumors originating from different anatomical sites, identifying the gut microbiota and metabolic mechanisms involved in the onset of NETs may help to develop appropriate disease prevention and monitoring strategies. Methods We employed a mediated two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach, analyzing gut microbiota from German studies and NET datasets from the 10th round of the FinnGen project. Mediation analyses were conducted using the metabolites dataset from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA) and the TwinsUK study...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in Ki-67 indices of SI-NETs and assess the impact of these in overall survival (OS). METHODS: We screened 551 patients with SI-NETs diagnosed from 1993, through 2021, identified using the SI-NET databases from five European referral centres. Only patients with well-differentiated tumours and available baseline tumour samples, and follow-up re-biopsies were included. For tumour grading, apart from 2017 WHO classification system, we applied a recently proposed SI-NET site-specific modified histopathological grading system with Ki-67 cut-offs of 5 and 10%...

Introduction In perinatal female rats, the glutamine (Gln)-glutamate cycle (GGC) constitutively supplies Gln to neurons of the ventral lateral ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (vlVMH) to sustain glutamatergic synaptic transmission (GST). In contrast, male pups may use Gln only during periods of elevated neuronal activity. Perinatal disruption of the GGC has sex-specific effects on the GST and morphology of vlVMH neurons during adulthood. Since (vl)VMH neuronal activities regulate mating behavior expression, we hypothesize that maintaining a perinatal intact GGC may be essential for the sexual differentiation of reproductive behaviors...

INTRODUCTION: Non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NF-PanNET) ≤ 2 cm can be observed or resected. Surgery remains recommended for NF-PanNET > 2 cm but its extent, enucleation (EN) versus formal resection, remains controversial. METHODS: Multicentric retrospective cohort of sporadic NF-PanNET patients treated with EN. Short and long-term outcomes were compared according to tumor size on imaging ≤ 2 cm vs > 2 cm. RESULTS: 131patients underwent EN for NF-PanNET, including 103 (79...

INTRODUCTION: Empathy is the ability of an individual to present and respond to the emotions of others and is thought to originate from parental behavior. Testosterone could promote aggression and inhibit biparental behavior and vasopressin (AVP) could promote aggression. Given levels of aggression and parental care are closely associated with levels of empathy, we hypothesized that testosterone may influence empathetic behavior via the AVP system. METHODS: We examined testosterone levels and tested social, empathic, and anxiety-like behaviors after castration surgery to pubertal mice, and subsequently examined the molecular levels of AVP, V1aR in different brain regions...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Radiation and Theranostics in Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Asian Perspective.

INTRODUCTION: In women of childbearing age with epilepsy, 40% experience the comorbidity of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is marked by a higher prevalence of hyperandrogenism. Our recent clinical observations indicate the potential contribution of hyperandrogenism-induced PCOS to epilepsy susceptibility, and this study aimed to unravel the underlying factors that increase the susceptibility of females to epilepsy. METHODS: A letrozole-induced PCOS rat model was employed to simulate endogenous hyperandrogenism...

Mounting evidence underscores the significance of cellular diversity within the endocrine system and the intricate interplay between different cell types and tissues, essential for preserving physiological balance and influencing disease trajectories. The pituitary gland, a central player in the endocrine orchestra, exemplifies this complexity with its assortment of hormone-secreting and non-secreting cells. It houses several types of pituitary cells responsible for hormone production, alongside non-secretory cells like fibroblasts and endothelial cells, each playing a crucial role in the gland's function and regulatory mechanisms...

Introduction Light is the primary source of energy and regulates seasonal changes in physiology and behavior. The role of photoperiod has been much investigated in several bird species, but the role of illumination in seasonal adaptations of passerine finches is less understood. We, therefore, investigated the effects of photoperiod and illuminance on migratory physiology in a Palearctic-Indian migratory finch, redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruncieps). Methods Photosensitive buntings maintained under short days (8L:16D) were divided into three groups receiving 5, 25, and 100 lux of white daytime illuminance respectively...

INTRODUCTION: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1 and IGF2 have neuroprotective effects, but less is known regarding how other members of the IGF system, including IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the regulatory proteinase pappalysin-1 (PAPP-A) and its endogenous inhibitor stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) participate in this process. Here we analyzed whether these members of the IGF system are modified in neurons and astrocytes in response to palmitic acid (PA), a fatty acid that induces cell stress when increased centrally...

INTRODUCTION: In 2011, we reported the overall incidence of Cushing's disease (CD) in Iceland from 1955 through 2009 to be 1.5 cases per million per year with highest incidence in the last decade of the study, a higher incidence then earlier reported. We now present a follow-up study reporting the epidemiology of the disease in Iceland during the 10-year period from 2010 to 2019. METHODS: In this nationwide retrospective study, clinical information on patients diagnosed with CD was obtained from electronic medical records, reviewed by consulting endocrinologists...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the autoinflammatory effect and biological behaviour of simvastatin (SIM) on adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) cells. METHODS: Craniopharyngiomas imaging, intraoperative observations, and tumour histopathology were employed to investigate the correlation between esters and craniopharyngiomas. Filipin III fluorescent probe verified the validity of SIM on the alternations of synthesized cholesterol in craniopharyngioma cells. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay detected the impacts of SIM on cell proliferation and determined the IC50 value of tumour cells...

INTRODUCTION: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) shape the tumor microenvironment via neuroendocrine signaling and orchestrate drug resistance and metastasis. Cytokine antibody array demonstrated the upregulation of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in lung CSCs. This study aims to dissect the role of NT-3 in lung CSCs during tumor innervation. METHODS: Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and flow cytometry were used to determine the expression of the NT-3 axis in lung CSCs...

INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulins (Ig) reactive with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, are present in humans and were previously associated with eating disorders. In this longitudinal study involving patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), we determined whether α-MSH in serum is bound to IgG and analyzed long-term dynamics of both α-MSH peptide and α-MSH-reactive Ig in relation to changes in BMI and gut microbiota composition...

INTRODUCTION: Protein-enriched diets improve glycemic control in diabetes or emotional behavior in depressive patients. In mice, these benefits depend on intestinal gluconeogenesis activation by di/tripeptides. Intestinal di/tripeptides absorption is carried out by the Peptide transporter 1, PEPT1. The lack of PEPT1 might thus alter glucose and emotional balance. METHODS: To determine the effects of PEPT1 deficiency under standard dietary conditions or during a dietary challenge known to promote both metabolic and cognitive dysfunction, insulin sensitivity, anxiety and depressive-like traits, hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) and insulin signaling pathway were measured in wild-type (WT) and Pept1-/- mice fed either a chow or a high- fat high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet...