Febrile seizures

INTRODUCTION: Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is the most common subtype of acute encephalopathy among children in Japan. The pathogenesis of AESD is mostly delayed cerebral edema caused by excitotoxic injury. It is difficult to discriminate AESD and complex febrile seizure in the early phase. Many cases have neurologic sequelae because early intervention is difficult. METHODS: To establish an early diagnostic method, we assessed 213 hospitalized cases of febrile status epilepticus (FSE) between January 2004 and August 2014...

INTRODUCTION: Febrile seizure is among the most common convulsion disorders in children, which strikes 2% to 5% of children between 3 to 60 months of age. Some studies have reported that iron deficiency could be a risk factor for febrile seizure. The present study was conducted to compare the rate of iron deficiency anemia in febrile children with and without seizure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study evaluated 200 children aged 6-60 month in two 100 person groups (febrile seizure and febrile without convulsion) in Kashan...

OBJECTIVE: Serum zinc level might be related to pathogenesis of febrile seizure (FS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of oral zinc supplementation on FS recurrence prevention in non-zinc-deficient children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomized clinical study, one hundred 18 to 60 mo old children with normal zinc level with first simple FS were referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran from May 2012 to June 2013, were randomly assigned to two groups to receive 2 mg/kg/d zinc sulfate for six consecutive months or placebo as control group and were followed up for 1 y for FS recurrence...

OBJECTIVE: De novo mutations of the gene sodium channel 1α (SCN1A) are the major cause of Dravet syndrome, an infantile epileptic encephalopathy. US incidence of DS has been estimated at 1 in 40 000, but no US epidemiologic studies have been performed since the advent of genetic testing. METHODS: In a retrospective, population-based cohort of all infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California during 2007-2010, we electronically identified patients who received ≥2 seizure diagnoses before age 12 months and who were also prescribed anticonvulsants at 24 months...

Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common seizure syndrome and are potentially a prelude to more severe epilepsy. Although zinc (Zn(2+)) metabolism has previously been implicated in FS, whether or not variation in proteins essential for Zn(2+) homeostasis contributes to susceptibility is unknown. Synaptic Zn(2+) is co-released with glutamate and modulates neuronal excitability. SLC30A3 encodes the zinc transporter 3 (ZNT3), which is primarily responsible for moving Zn(2+) into synaptic vesicles. Here we sequenced SLC30A3 and discovered a rare variant (c...

Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is one of the most common neurologic emergencies and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly and aggressively. Management of GCSE is staged and generally involves the use of life support measures, identification and management of underlying causes, and rapid initiation of anticonvulsants. The purpose of this article is to review and evaluate published reports regarding the treatment of impending, established, refractory, and super-refractory GCSE in pediatric patients...

AIM: UK guidelines do not recommend prescribing emergency antiepileptic drugs after first simple febrile seizures or for single afebrile seizures. Non-adherence to the guidelines could result in substantial health service cost. METHODS: Scottish national hospital discharge records were used to identify children aged one month to 4 years admitted for a first febrile seizures or single afebrile seizures between April 2009 and March 2012. Prescriptions for antiepileptic drugs within 12 months of index admission were identified on the national community prescribing database by matching unique patient identifiers...

To review the literature about febrile seizures and GEFS plus with special emphasis on management and outcome. Selected literature review. Febrile seizures are the most common convulsive event in humans, occurring in 2-6% of the population. The aetiology is complex with strong evidence for a heterogeneous genetic predisposition interacting with fever of any cause, with certain viral infections having a greater effect. A large amount of literature has established that febrile seizures have no long-term consequences on cognition or behaviour...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review describes current evidence on the evaluation of febrile seizures in the acute setting, the need for further outpatient assessment, and predictors regarding long-term outcomes of these patients. RECENT FINDINGS: New evidence has been added in support of limited assessment and intervention: evidence on low utility of lumbar puncture, emergent neuroimaging, and follow-up electroencephalography, as well as low yield for antipyretic prophylaxis and intermittent use of antiepileptic drugs...

BACKGROUND: Convulsive status epilepticus with fever is common and may be related to neurological sequela in children. However, there are limited data on the demographics and risk factors of this phenomenon. Thus, we aimed to describe the demographics and risk factors of neurological sequela among children with convulsive status epilepticus with fever. METHODS: We reviewed convulsive status epilepticus with fever cases in the pediatric intensive care unit at Kobe Children's Hospital between 2002 and 2013...

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a devastating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by persistent mutant measles virus infection. The diagnosis of SSPE is based on characteristic clinical and EEG findings and demonstration of elevated antibody titres against measles in cerebrospinal fluid. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis can have atypical clinical features at the onset. Herein, we report an unusual case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in a child with recurrent febrile seizures...

OBJECTIVE: Several factors are involved in the etiology of febrile seizure (FS), among them is zinc (Zn), which has been discussed in various studies. The present systematic review compares Zn levels in children with FS and a control group. MATERIALS & METHODS: We searched keywords of febrile seizure, febrile convulsion, children, childhood, fever, trace elements, risk factor, predisposing, zinc, Zn, and epilepsy in the following databases: SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar...

Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure among children that can be prevented by using prophylactic drugs like Clobazam and Diazepam. The present prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and Community Based Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh over a period of 1 year from July 2012 to June 2013 to compare the effectiveness of intermittent Clobazam versus Diazepam therapy in preventing the recurrence of febrile seizures and assessed adverse effects of each drug...

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the clinical features of seizures during gastroenteritis in children by comparing the norovirus and rotavirus pathogen, and the impact of fever, if present, during the seizure episodes. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on 293 consecutive pediatric patients admitted with viral gastroenteritis to Osaka General Hospital between November 2007 and May 2009. Eighteen patients developed seizures, 12 of whom were positive for norovirus and six for rotavirus, as revealed by antigen detection...

We report a three-generation, clinically heterogeneous family in which we identify a novel inherited splicing mutation of the SCN1A gene. Thirteen subjects were submitted to genetic analysis, clinical and instrumental examination, and neuropsychological assessment. In eight subjects, a heterozygous c.2946+5G>A donor splice site alteration in the SCN1A gene was found. Half of them had never had a seizure and showed normal EEG and cognitive profile, whereas the other half had a history of seizures and variable neuropsychological impairments ranging from moderate cognitive disabilities to mild visual-motor impairments...

OBJECTIVE: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common seizure type in young children. Complex FS are a risk factor for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). To identify new FS susceptibility genes we used a forward genetic strategy in mice and subsequently analyzed candidate genes in humans. METHODS: We mapped a quantitative trait locus (QTL1) for hyperthermia-induced FS on mouse chromosome 1, containing the signal recognition particle 9 (Srp9) gene. Effects of differential Srp9 expression were assessed in vivo and in vitro...

PURPOSE: Febrile seizures are induced by fever and are the most common type of seizures in children. Although numerous studies have been performed on febrile seizures, their pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. The present study was conducted to identify potential links between serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and febrile seizures. METHODS: Ninety-two patients with simple or complex febrile seizures (46 patients per seizure type), and 46 controls with comparable age, sex, and severity of temperature were enrolled...

OBJECTIVE: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common form of childhood seizure disorders. FS is perhaps one of the most frequent causes of admittance to pediatric emergency wards worldwide. We aimed to identify a new, safe, and effective therapy for preventing FS recurrence. METHODS: A total of 115 children with a history of two or more episodes of FS were randomly assigned to levetiracetam (LEV) and control (LEV/control ratio = 2:1) groups. At the onset of fever, LEV group was orally administered with a dose of 15-30 mg/kg per day twice daily for 1 week...

BACKGROUND: Febrile seizures recur within 24 hours in around 16% of children. Some studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between serum sodium levels and recurrent febrile seizures. AIM: To investigate whether the serum sodium level predicts recurrence of febrile seizures within 24 hours. METHODS: The study was undertaken in children with febrile seizures in the period from January 2007 to December 2011. Retrospective data collected from medical records included age, gender, family history of febrile seizures, body temperature, duration of recognised fever and serum sodium levels...

Convulsive status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency in children and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The morbidities include later development of epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric impairments. There has been a long-standing hypothesis that these outcomes are, at least in part, a function of brain injury induced by the status epilepticus. There is evidence from animal models and prospective human studies that the hippocampus may be injured during febrile status epilepticus although this pathophysiological sequence remains uncommon...